* L VICK.AD M m AL SIK CHARLEg 







- r ~ Authority of Ouirhtr,l T7"^ uuuer "> article J 

 authors with reference tojC^.^Sl^Sf l^ ^ seve 



-Craig, coming out of Denmark i J he 8ubst ance is this 



and informed him, among other thinTs of ? r ^ j^ Me rchisto D 

 Longumontanus, "as 'tis said" 7*', a rumoured discovery bi 



and intimated that th^wa, ^ffefteThT.!!* 1 calc , ulatiol >8 rlvoide; 

 of which information Napier w ? "eans of proportional numbers 

 Craig repeating his visit a few week , JS" 1 ekilfu]1 y. that upon 

 of what he called canon mirabilTs \ fa th * Wed Mm a dra ght 

 of this story, as regards LongomontanS" th ? rum - T e correctness 

 LoDgomoutanus attributes t^eTnveS, , d T^* by the fact ** 

 Dauica,' p. 7, &,., ted , e * t,on to Napier. ('Aatronomica 



to be no doubt that Craig did write t^ h " re ap P ear8 however 

 ted, acquainting him with the proerL wh h^' ** the time 

 already made prugiess which Nuoier ha/1 *k~ 



/ ujouu. -nayier naa then 



- principle 01 logarithms was u N a , ,v -" 



fame of Napier however doesnot * a P| cr time a novelty. . 



erty of numbers upon which all the. H dl covery of that pro- 



Long before his time it was kj f f^" f '"K^thm, depend, 



and geometrical series were pUced ini ,1 t *- rm8 ? f an ari "'metical 

 divu,,on, involution, and evo5uoi of " t8 P o " t > on . "> multiplication, 

 might actually be effected by a " * ^ Would "> to and 



multiplication, and division tfth7rT * dditi D . subtraction, 

 property was employed by Archimi i & Ot:rt8i n extent this 



on tu number of the san.ls. btifel lo i, , A . re . nariu .' or treatise 

 Nurnberg, 1544, p. 35, exhibits <>.." hig 'Anthmetica Integra ' 



a conception of the nature o ^lo?arFthm? T'"' Md eviuce8 6 & 

 that hud he been furnished with a 'aW % f ' "?* Ufl ' ler that "ame, 

 doubtless have been able to make use ol'.L ' Uch I ? um . b e, he would 



Mtructed a tat,)e, but the naturaT numbls' Sht 6Ven Uve 



than the insertions, audl'tbirwJuld 1 hav^L** 6 " ^ far more W**WI 

 in common with all other rnatlematicla f happened 811 "P 1 J' ^cauae he, 

 no meaus of determiuiuK the i previous to Napier, f 



number, but merely tho corresponding to any 



fnt,l such means ^^TuoTbleof 5 J^ ^^ - 



have been constructed. Napier d,sc^r ere d tF* ^^^ UtUit y could 



^attsBSSSSS^*^ 



perhaps have remained a a , 3"'^' aud h " d covery would 



it has happened to most origmal.ii i ,1* ha i'P'' Ded to him, as 

 took of the problem was not* the nToTnaT, U? ^ '"" Which he 

 the most simple. The problem it^lft Datura , 1 ' ""* consequently n,t 

 amved at if solution tbrouS, I T' '7 * arithmet 'al; Napier 

 with.tandmg this circuuwtance a "? Con8 ' d eratioiis. But not- 



aisadvautages he must have 

 >erfect method* nf Q^ 



is twice married Bv h t "~ t '"'' 



SSsifivai ^ Sr^S ?*MMs 

 ^wasS^cS^^ii - 



d aughter3. To his third son Robert to w"? ' ^ u had five 8OUS aud five 

 01 OfN h * C U ^ ded tha care of publishing h oathu^ 11 * ^ ' U&the ' 



^^^^^^^^^J^E^^J^^^ 



of the five circular parts ' which I ^^'''og 168 . and to his theorem 



eases of right-angledaphe'rical trianZ ' **' 8 luti n f a11 the 

 -Ifle ocly work of V ' ^ZTTH^ 1 



Bacon, entitled ' SeoretTn ven tlonR ^ m fl ?t', Oned U a letter to Anthony 

 days for the defence of the island a, fti * /" T d neoe8sa ry in these 

 to^Gods truth and tO^J^',^^ 1 ^^ strangers, enemies 



rivii i . * _ **** 



Buchann d 



1624> 



and consequently 

 has enjoyed the fi 

 and who was sixth in^inea Tescent 



' ---' 



iston Hall N 



f>er ' who 

 f three 



g s crcu 



laboured under, ansmg Sw. 

 -n u,e,and the almoft total absence 

 now are to a certain extent the 

 tho^p, d m tha SSJStarf tbe 

 Modern formulae," says Uelambre ' h,! 

 ure and exact, but uot more Conveni" 

 Coucermug Napier's principles w 

 "ader will find them expJa^edL the 



AMD SCIB.XCE8 



, then 



u hu, processes even 



bT" r/ 8 U8 t0 

 Je> du ^ lastre -' 

 P^^es more 

 nomie AJoderne.'l 



to 'P 60 



ARITHMS, i 



of Laplace ( Kpo tio 4u S y t d 

 few da,, the labour of man, months 

 n astronomer, besides fJeing hkn" 

 mp.r.ble from long calcuiaJns. A 



claim of 



. the word ' 



} ' U ' reducin to a 

 " U Were ' the ' ifo of 

 luid di8 U8t 



s^i < trasi, ta .*5^L'-'^* 

 SSSaBSSSaS?*!^^ 



followed up by the capture f? everal V '"i""? Whi h he ! 

 enemy. ! 1813 he served in North A ^T a and shi P s of the 

 of Captain Gordon for his support n t 1, n ^, atld eamed the tha ^s 

 and the operations against Bah -e H elped ' tlon a 8 ains ' Al,xandria 

 of the war in ISlslnd nom nTted a ^""If been P aid offat the close 

 until 1829, when he was sent nn f ' - he remained unemployed 



for the purpose of ^^Lo"^ ^""'"Jo the Portuguese co^t 

 lie had seized contrary to the law nf , ' e8torecj rtam ships which 

 wpedition will be found in hi" >H iat * ^ ,, A narrative of this 



^fsaniwjS^SSSr 2 * 5 



.1 ictory^ tor which ^Ka ,....,... 



thepost of admiral of the Portugues, 

 S. Vincent, and the Order of the T 

 treatment which 1- 

 hiru *- ' 



"^' The 



iscount Capo 



admirair llo 



station. Here he took aprominent 



coast of Syria, the stormiug of SM th. 



. late 

 l' ?." ^ Medite ^-n 

 '" Pration8 " the 



aud 



Canonis 



a. to facilitate ngonet 

 the logaruhms of the natural 



the quadrant and to. radius 

 Uon N U p ier at first withheld 

 mathematicians before 

 the envious." 



K d n b' ' iriCcl Logarith- 



cJmat ^T" P riuci P a ' "bject 

 s "'ationg, they contained only 



-To 'T POn ' D ?, t eacn minut e 3 

 " n ? C ' ple f tbeir '"""rue- 



* and of 

 er to the malieuitv nf 



y 



Mujhoi mumoru Ca 



tiombus aliquot Doctusimi D 

 repriuted^at Lyon in l 2 o. 



^Xtr 

 receded of him 



" 



U .^T -" : Una cum '"" J ta- 

 ri0! hri S"- T1 ' two works were 



h 

 " 



t f he th ; 





' there 



until the 





r^^^^'^SSS^I^ 1 ^ 



of. the military and naval oX 8 T ur ^tSV^SS* f ffiost 

 gained flag-rank, and for two years hlnT" followin g year he 



flpf Bi r*L yeaia iield tha nnmmor,^ n f *.i,_ **i_ 



N.v 1 If arles Na P ier had been 



thJ J m> D Wbioh 8ub Ject he 



the public papers. These letters 



caustic and severe, but they I 



otherwise have exerted fror 



ministers of the day; still there"w'aV .chVTT*'"* " gaiU8t the 



^tTK ^^- ^{SSSr : ^F 



SH^Strrl^^^^^-^ 



tide ran so stronelv in ' 



ar e 



of the Channel 

 ty day8 aa ^vooate of 

 fre ? ue Hy written letters in 



T^ 1851; the y ar 

 tr P , Joflue "e that they iight 

 extreme personality against the 



"" of ' 



o a sysem of 

 of "> Channel 



