521 



NONNUS. 



NORMANBY, MARQUIS OF. 



633 



Sacer,' Ley den, 1627, was published for the first time at Venice in 

 1501. The best edition of it is by Passow, Leip., 1834. This work 

 however is of some value, as it contains a few important readings which 

 have been of considerable use to the editors of the Greek Testament. 

 It omits the history of the woman taken in adultery, which we have 

 at the beginning of the eighth chapter of St. John's Gospel, and which 

 is considered by Gricsbach and many other critics to be an interpo- 

 lation. In chap. xix. 14, Nonnus appears to have read "about the 

 third hour," instead of " about the sixth." There are also extant a 

 ' Collection of Histories or Fables," which are cited by Gregory 

 Nazianzenua, in his work against Julian, and which are ascribed by 

 some critics to the author of the ' Dionysiaca ; ' but Bentley, in his 

 ' Dissertations on Phalaris," has given good reasons for believing that 

 this ' Collection ' was composed by another individual of the same 

 name. There were several other writers of the name of Nonnus, of 

 whom an account is given in Fabricius, ' Bibl. Grcoca,' vol. viii., pp. 

 601, 602, ed. Harles. 



NONNUS (sometimes called Nosus), a Greek physician, and author 

 of a medical work still extant, entitled ^TITO/UJ) TTJS IxrpMris airotrTjj 

 Tf'x"")!, ' Compendium totius Artis Medicte.' Nothing is known of his 

 life, except that he composed his work at the express command of 

 the Emperor Constautiuus Porphyrogennetus (to whom also it is dedi- 

 cated), who was most probably the seventh of that name, who died 

 A.D. 959. His real name is supposed by Freind (' Hist, of Physic '), 

 Sprengel (' Hist, de la M^d.'), and Bernard (' Prsefat. ad Theoph. Non.'), 

 to be Theophanes, as he is called so in one manuscript, and a physician 

 of that name is found to have lived in the 10th century. In three 

 manuscripts the work is anonymous, and there is only one which 

 mentions the name of Nonnus. This epitome is divided into 297 

 chapters, and contains a short account of most diseases and their 

 treatment It contains very little that is original, and is almost entirely 

 compiled from Actius, Alexander Trallianus, and Paulus ^Egineta; 

 from whom whole sentences are sometimes transcribed with hardly 

 any variation. The greater part of the chapter on Pleurisy (ch. 129) 

 is taken from Paulus ^Egineta, lib. iii, cap. 33; part of that on 

 Melancholy (ch. 33) from Alexander Trallianus, lib. i , cap. 16 ; and all 

 that is valuable about Hydrophobia (ch. 271) is contained in Paulus 

 /Egiueta, lib. v., cap. 3. Almost the only point worthy of notice in 

 the work is, that it is the first medical treatise in which any mention 

 of distilled rose-water is to be found : it seems to be meant by the 

 word paSt'iaTayfia, in the ninety-seventh chapter. The first edition of 

 this work was by Jeremiah Martius, Argentor., 8vo, 156S, Gr. and Lat.; 

 the next and best was by J. S. Bernard, and published after his death, 

 in 2 vol.). Svo, Gotha and Amsterdam, 1794-95, Gr. and Lat. 



NOODT, GERARD, was born at Nimwegen in 1647. He studied 

 first in his native town, and afterwards at Leyden, Utrecht, and 

 Fraueker, where he took his degree in law. He distinguished himself 

 as a jurist, and was made professor of law successively at Fraueker, 

 Utrecht, and at Leyden. He. studied and taught jurisprudence in an 

 enlightened and philosophical spirit. Averse from dogmatism, he 

 readily acknowledged his ignorance on questions which he could not 

 solvo. He was well acquainted with the Koman jurists, as well as 

 with the other Roman writers, especially the historians, upon who-e 

 model he formed his own Latin style, which is remarkably pure. His 

 chief works are: 1, ' Probabilium Juris C'ivilis Libri iv. ;' 2, 'De 

 Jurisdictions et Imperio Libri ii.;' 3, 'Ad Legem Aquiliam Liber 

 Singularis ; ' 4, ' De Foenore et Usuris Libri iii,,' in which he contends 

 that usury is not contrary to the natural law, and is not forbidden 

 by divine law : the author traces the history of the Roman law on 

 this subject ; 5, ' Diocletianus et Maximianos, sive de Traosactione et 

 Pactione Crimiuum Liber Singularis,' in which he refutes the opinion 

 of some, that a transaction or compromise in capital or felonious 

 criminal cases was allowed by the Roman law ; 6, ' Observationum 

 Libri Duo, hi quibus complexa Juris (Jivilis aliorumque Veterum 

 Scriptorum Loca aut illustrantur aut emendantur ; ' 7, ' De Usufructu 

 Libri ii.;' 8, 'Ad Edictum Prsetoris de Pactis et Trausactionibus 

 Liber ; ' 9, ' Julius Paulus, sive de Partus Expositione et Nece apud 

 Veteres Libtr,' in which he maintains that the Koman laws gave to 

 pareuto the power of exposing or putting to death their infant children, 

 Hud that this power was only taken away by the emperors Valcn- 

 tiniauus, Valeus, and Gratianus : this assertion being combated by 

 Bynkershoek, Noodt replied to him in his ' Arnica Responsio,' in which 

 he confirms his former assertion by new arguments and authorities ; 

 10, ' De Causw Corrupte Juriaprudentito ; ' 11, ' De Jure Summi Imperil 

 et Lege Rogia Dissertatio ;' 12, ' DC Religione ab Imperio Jure Gentium 

 Libera' (these lost dissertations were translated into French by liar- 

 beyrac, and published under the title of 'Du 1'ouvoir des Souverains 

 et de la Libertd de Conscience,' Amsterdam, 1707); 13, 'Commeu- 

 tarius ad Digesta, seu 1'andectas,' which he continued to the 27th 

 book, when he was stopped by death. Noodt died at Leydeu in 1725. 

 He ranks among the most distinguished jurists of modern times, and 

 his work* display a deep acquaintance with the law and social state 

 of the Romans. His works have been collected and published hi 2 vols. 

 foL, Leyden, 1 735, with a biography of the author by Barbeyrac. 



NORDBERG, UKORGE, was born at Stockholm in 1677. He 

 studied at Upsala, took holy orders, and in 17UIJ was appointed 

 almoner to the Swedish army under Charles XII., then at Thorn in 

 Prussia, He followed Charles XII. into Poland, Saxony, and Russia, 



and in 1707 was made chaplain to the king. Being made prisoner by 

 the Russians at Pultawa in 1709, he was sent into Russia, together 

 with Count Piper, but was exchanged in 1715, when he again joined 

 Charles XII. at Lund iu Scania. Not long after however Nordberg 

 was appointed incumbent of the parish of St. Clair and Olaiis at 

 Stockholm, where he spent the remainder of his life. After the 

 death of Charles XII. he was commissioned by Queen Ulrica Eleonora 

 to write his history under her own inspection, and the manuscript 

 was afterwards submitted to the revision of a royal commission. The 

 work was published at Stockholm in 1740, 2 vols. fol., and translated 

 from the Swedish into French, and published at the Hague, ' Histoire 

 de Charles XII., par M. de Nordberg,' 3 vols. 4to, 1742. The docu- 

 ments from which Nordberg compiled his history are authentic, and 

 he had himself witnessed many of the facts which he relates, and 

 which he had noted down in his journal. His work is therefore a 

 book of authority ; the style however is heavy and diffuse. Nordberg 

 speaks slightingly of Voltaire's ' History of Charles XII.,' which is 

 written in a more amusing style, but is inferior to the work of 

 Nordberg in point of correctness. Nordberg died at Stockholm in 

 1744. 



NORDEN, FREDERIC LOUIS, was born at Gliickstadt in Holstein. 

 hi 1708, was educated for the navy, aud entered the naval school of 

 cadets at Copenhagen. He made great progress in mathematics, and 

 became a very expert draughtsman. In 1732 he obtained the rank 

 of lieutenant in the Danish navy, and soon after, King Christian VI., 

 having been made acquainted with his ability in drawing, gave him 

 permission to travel abroad for his improvement, and allowed him a 

 pension for the purpose. Norden went to Italy, where he spent about 

 three years, after which he was commissioned by the king to proceed 

 to Egypt for the purpose of examining the ancient monuments of 

 that country. Ho arrived in Egypt in July 1737, and having visited 

 Alexandria and Cairo, he proceeded up the Nile as far as Derr in 

 Nubia, after which he retraced his steps towards Alexandria, where ho 

 re-embarked for Europe in May 1738. On his return to Copenhagen 

 he was well received by the king, and was made captain in the navy. 

 In 1740 he proceeded to England to offer his services as a volunteer 

 in the war agaiust Spain. He sailed with an English squadron for 

 South America, and returned to England in the autumn of 1741. On 

 beiug made a member of the Royal Society of London he published 

 in English a memoir on the colossal statues and other remains of 

 antiquity at Thebes. He died at Paris in September 1742. His 

 papers and drawings concerning Egypt were arranged by his friends 

 and published iu French, ' Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie,' 2 vols. fol., 

 Copenhagen, 1752-55. The first volume consists entirely of plates, 

 being a series of maps of the course of the Nile from Cairo to Derr, 

 and a succession of views of the scenery along the banks of the river, 

 forming a kind of panorama of the Nile ; besides plans aud sections 

 of the pyramids, temples, and other remarkable buildings. The 

 second volume contains Norden's journal, which is written in a plain 

 unpretending style. The editors have added a biographical notice of 

 the author. Norden was the first traveller who explored Egypt as au 

 artist, aud his drawings gave the first tolerably correct idea of the 

 stupendous monuments of that country. His work was translated 

 into English, and published iu London in 2 vols. fol. Langlua pub- 

 lished a new edition of the original French, in 3 vols. 4to, Paris, 

 1795-98, with corrections. 



* NORMANBY, CONSTANTINE HENRY PHIPPS, FIRST MAR- 

 QUIS OF, the eldest son of Henry, first earl of Mulgrave, was boru 

 on the 15th of May 1797, and received his education at Harrow, and 

 at Trinity College, Cambridge. His father and family had always sup- 

 ported the Tory school of politics ; but shortly after he left Cambridge 

 he entered parliament as Liberal member for Scarborough in 1818. 

 His first speech was in favour of granting the Roman Catholic claims, 

 and in his next speech he seconded Lord John Russell's resolutions in 

 favour of Parliamentary Reform. Retiring for a while from parliament, 

 he spent a couple of years in Italy, filling up his leisure with political 

 and literary studies. On his return to England he re-entered the 

 House of Commons as member for Higham Ferrers. In the course of 

 his career in the lower house he succeeded in abolishing the sinecure of 

 the joint postmaster-generalship, and warmly advocated the enfranchise- 

 ment of our large manufacturing towns. Having succeeded to the 

 honours of the peerage in 1831, he was sent out soon afterwards as 

 governor of Jamaica, where he succeeded in suppressing a rebellion of 

 the soldiery without bloodshed, and he gained a good deal of credit 

 by the manner iu which he carried out the act for the emancipation of 

 the slaves. In 1833 he returned to England, and in 1834 succeeded 

 the late Earl of Carlisle as Lord Privy Seal. He held the post of 

 Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1835 to 1839, and in that capacity 

 administered strict and impartial justice, so as to secure the approval 

 even of O'Connell himself. Meantime he had been raised to the 

 marquisato at her Majesty's coronation in 1838. He was Secretary of 

 State for the Colonies for a few months in 1839, and for the Home 

 department from that date till 1841. In 1846 he went as ambas- 

 sador to Paris, and remained there until after the election of Prince 

 Louis- Napoleon as emperor. He lias been ambassador at the court of 

 Tuscany since 1854. Lord Normanby's name is known in the literary 

 world as the author of ' Matilda,' ' Yes and No,' ' The Contrast,' and 

 one or two other novels, to which the writer's name lent a temporary 



