

XUMA POMP1LIU3. 



NinVAYKI. 



than by making that Uw which all other meu believed not to be so." 

 It was to hi* researches in the older constitution, conducted in thU 

 perverse spirit, that the court owed the project of ship-money. Noy 

 draw the writ for levying this illegal tax, but he did not live to soo the 

 motMDtotK effects of his exertions, and died on the 6th of August 



1634. In private nutters he seems to hare been fond of startling 

 novelties adverse to received opinions and feelings. He bequeathed a 

 fortune to his son; " to be squandered as he shall think fit I leave it 

 him for that purpose, and I hope no better from him." The young 

 man responded to the anticipation, and, after a brief and wild . 

 was killed in a duel There are several traditionary anecdotes of 

 Noy's ingenuity as a lawyer. Ho was the author of several legal 

 works, which seem generally to have been published posthumously. 

 Among these are 'A Treatise of the Principal Grounds and Maxiinea 

 of the Lawn of England,' 4to, 1641, which has passed through several 

 < .iui n ; The Complrat Lawyer, or a Treatise concerning Tenures 

 and EnUten in Land of Inheritance for Life, and other Hereditaments 

 and OhiittftK real and personal, together with Observations on tbe 

 Author's Life,' Sro, 1674 ; 'A Treatise on the Rights of the Crown, 

 declaring how the King of England may Support and Increase his 

 Annual Revenues,' STO, 1715. He collected ' Reports and Cases taken 

 at the lima of Queen Elizabeth, King James, and King Charles/ 

 folio, 1069. 



N CMA POMPI'LIUS, the second king of Rome, was, according to 

 tradition, a native of the Sabino town of Cares. On the death of 

 Ilomulos the senate at first chose no king, and took upon itself the 

 government of the state ; but as the people wore more oppressively 

 treated thin before, they insisted that a king should be appointed. A 

 contest however arose respecting the choice of the king between the 

 Romans and Sabines, and it was at length agreed that tha former 

 should choose a king out of the hitter. Their choice fell upon Numa 

 I'ompilius, who was revered by all for his wisdom and knowledge, 

 which, according to a popular tradition, he derived from Pythagoras. 



Numa would not however accept the sovereignty till he was assured 

 by tbe auspices that the gods approved of his election. Instructed by 

 the camena, or nymph, Egregria, he founded tho whole system of the 

 Roman religion ; he increased tbo number of augurs, regulated the 

 duties of the pontifices, and appointed the flamines, the vestal virgins, 

 and tbe Salii. He forbade all costly sacrifices, and allowed no blood 

 to be shed upon the altars, or any images of the gods to be made. To 

 give a proof that all his institutions were established by divine 

 authority, be is said to have given a plain entertainment in earthen- 

 ware dishrs to tbe noblest among his subjects, during which, upon the 

 appearance of Egregria, all the dishes were changed into golden vessels 

 ati'l tbe food into viands fit for the gods. 



Kama also divided among his subjects the lands which Romulus 

 had conquered in war, and secured their inviolability by ordering 

 land-marks to be Set on every portion, which were consecrated to 

 T.-rtninus, the god uf boundaries. He divided the artisans, according 

 to their trades, into nine companies, or corporations. During his 

 reign, which lasted thirty-nine years, no war was carried on ; the 

 gates of Janus were shut, and a temple was built to Faith. He died 

 of gradual decay, in a good old age, and was buried under the hill 

 Janiculum ; and near him, in a separate tomb, were buried the books 

 of his laws and ordinances. 



Snob was tbe traditional account of the reign of Numa I'ompilius, 

 who belongs to a period in which it is impossible to separate truth 

 from fiction. According to Niebubr and Die writers who adopt his 

 views of Roman history, the reign of Numa is considered in its politi- 

 cal aspect only as a representation of the union between the Sabines 

 and the original inhabitants of Rome, or, in other words, between the 

 tribes of the Titienses and the Kamnes. 



(Livy, i. 18-21 ; Dionysius of Halicarnaasus, ii. 63-76; Cicero, DC 

 KepiMua, ii. 12-16; Plutarch, Life of A'uma; the Hulorit* uf Rome, 

 by Ni> uhr, Arnold, am) Mald.-n.) 



NCMERIA'NUS, MARCUS AUREL1US, succeeded to the throne 

 conjointly with his elder brother Cariiius, after the death of their 

 father, tbe Emperor Cam*, at the beginning of A.D. 284. Numerianus 

 was) with tbe army in Mesopotamia at the death of Probus ; but 

 instead of following up the advantages which hi* father had gained 

 ovrr the Persians, he was compelled by tbe army to abandon the con- 

 quest) which had been already made, and to retreat to Syria. During 

 the retreat a weakness of the eyes obliged him to confine himself to 

 tbe darkness of a litter, which was strictly guarded by the Praetorians. 

 All orders were issued by Arrius Aper, tbo prefect of the Praetorians, 

 who was the father-in-law of the emperor. The absence however of 

 Numerianus excited the suspicion of the soldiers ; and when the army, 

 after a march of eight months, arrived at Cbalcedon on the Bosporus, 

 they insisted upon seeing their prince, and accordingly burst int.. the 

 imperial toot, where they only found the dead body of Numerianus. 

 Suspicion naturally Ml upon Arrius; and an aisemUy of the army 

 was accordingly held for the purpose of avenging the death of Nume- 

 rianus and electing a new emperor. Their choice fell upon Diocletian, 

 who immediately after his election put Arrins to death with his own 

 hand*, without giving him an opportunity of justifying himself, which 

 might perhaps have proved dangerous to the new emperor. 



The virtue* of Numerianus are mentioned by most of his biogra- 

 Hit manners WIT* mild and affable; and bo was celebrate! 



among his contemporaries for his eloquence and poetry. He success- 

 fully contended with Nemesianus for the prize of poetry, ami the 

 senate voted to him a statue, with the inscription, to " Numerianus 

 Casar, the most powerful orator of bis times." 



(VopUcus, Numtriantu ; Aureliua Victor, De Cataribut, c. 33; 

 Eutropius, ix. 12 ; Zonarus, book xii.) 



Coin of Numerianui. 

 British Museum. Actual size. 



NQMESIA'NUS, or NOMISIANUS, a physician, born at Corinth, 

 who deserves to be recorded as one of Galen's tutors (' Qaleni Anatomic. 

 Ailniiuintr.it.,' lib. i., cap. 1), who informs us in another place ('Com- 

 meiit in Hippoc.,' libr. 'De Natura Hominis,' Comment. 2), that Pelops, 

 another of bin tutors, was also one of this physician's pupils. Ho lived 

 in the 2nd century after Christ. 



NUNEZ or NO'NIUS, FERNAN, born about 1470, was of the 

 house of Guzman. He is also called EL PINCIAXO, from Pintia 

 VaoctBorum, tho former name of Vallisolotum, now Valladolid, where 

 he was born. Although a knight of the military or.ler of Sant' logo, 

 he devoted all his ardour to literary pursuits and the diffusion of 

 learning through Spain, where he promoted the study of the Greek, 

 after that of the Latin language had been rendered easy by Nebriseusis 

 (Antonio Lebrijx, or Nebrija). Among the many eminent literary 

 persons who followed Nebrija's steps, Piuciano stood conspicuous, 

 even before he went to Italy to receive further instruction from 

 Philippus Bcroaldua und Govian, a celebrated Greek refugee. On his 

 return to Spain, Nuuoz brought back numerous Greek books with 

 him ; and Cardinal Cisneros, who admired his talents, appointed him 

 and Demetrius the Cretan professors of Greek at the University of 

 Alcalti, and moreover jintrusted to him and to Lope do Astuiiiga the 

 L;itiu version of the ' Septuagiut.' Endowed with a lofty spirit and a 

 high patriotic feeling, which were fostere 1 by the writings of antiquity 

 which he expounded, he fought in 1521 with the unsuccessful Commons 

 of Castile against the tyranny of Charles V., or rather his courtiers, a 

 set of unprincipled foreign adventurers, who took advantage of the 

 young prince's vanity and inexperience. Being obliged to loave AlcaU, 

 he took refuge at Salamanca, in which university he taught Greek, 

 Latin, rhetoric, and the natural history of 1'liny. lie died in 1553, 

 above tbe age of eighty, at Salamanca, and left to that famous 

 seminary his select library. He wrote for himself tho following 

 epitaph 'Maximum vita), bonum mors ! ' 



Besides the share that ho had in the ' Complutensian Polyglot,' 

 Nunez published ' Annotationes in Seneca) Philosophi Opera,' the. text 

 of which writer he restored ; ' Observationes in Pomp. Melam ; ' 

 ' Observat. in Hist. Nat. C. Pliu.,' which have often been reprinted ; 

 ' Olosa sobre las Obras de Juan da Mena,' which is full of classical 

 learning; 'Letters to Zurita;' ' Refranes y Pioverbios Glosado*,' 

 which ha left incomplete in the midst of his infirmities, a valuable 

 book to the commentator of Cervantes, as Nunez was well acquainted 

 with Spanish proverbs, and skilful in applying them. 



This writer must not be confounded with Alonzo Lopez Pinciano. 



[I'lNCIANO, A. L.] 



NUWAY11I is tbo patronymic of a celebrated Arabian historian of 

 the 8th century of the Hejiro, whose complete name was Ahmed Ibu 

 Abd-al-wahhab Al-bekri Al-teymi Al kiiuli, and who was further 

 distinguished by the honourable surname of 'Shehdbu-d-diu ' (bright 

 star of religion). He was born at Nuwayreh, a small town of the pro- 

 vince of Bahnassd in Egypt, in the year (>S2 of the Hejira (A.D. 1283-84). 

 Nuwayri distinguished himself as a theologian of tbe sect of Shitfei, 

 and also as a rhetorician and grammarian, and he wrote several works 

 on these subjects, the titles of which have not reached us. But the 

 work which has made Nuwayri known among European scholars is his 

 ' Neuityetu-l-drab f 1 fonuni-1-adab.' It is a sort of cyclopaedia, consist- 

 ing of thirty books or volumes, and divided into five ' fuiin ' (subjects), 

 each of which is further subdivided into ' kasm ' (sections), containing 

 each a certain number of ' bib ' (chapters). The first four ' fenn ' treat 

 of the physical sciences and tho several branches of natural history and 

 moral philosophy. Tho fifth and last, which is likewise the most 

 valuable for Europeans, i* wholly occupied with a history of the 

 Mohammedan settlement* both in the east and west. The sixth ' bab' 

 (chapter) of the same contains a narrative of the conquest of Africa, 

 Spain, and Sicily by the Saracens, together with a chronological history 

 of the sultans of tbe family of Umeyyah, who filled the throne of 

 Cordova from A.U. 138 to 428 (A.D. 755 to 1036), and a short account 

 of the principal event* of their reigns. 



Nuwayri died, according to Haji K half ah, in the year 732 of the 

 Hejira, at the age of fifty. Among his other accomplishments his 

 biographers say that his hand-writing was very fine ; indeed ho seemu 

 to have made a trade of it, for Soyutti, in his ' History of Egypt ' (Ar. 



