OCKLEY, SIMON'. 



ODEVAERE, JOSKPHUS DIONISIUS. 





i to bave been transferred in later time* into the common Greek 

 lu chief philosophical topic it to maintain the eternity of the 

 I (v Ittr) ; Ocellus alto attempU to prove the eternity of the 

 baman race (c. iiU 3). 



The bett editions of Ooellna are by Battenx, Paris, 1768, 3 vols. 

 ISmo; by Kudolphi, Leipzig, 1801-8, which ii accompanied with a 

 valuable commentary ; and Mullach, Kerlin, 1646. The work baa been 

 translated into English by Thomas Taylor, 1831 ; into French by the 

 Marquis d' Argon*, Berlin, 1762, and by tlie Abbd Batteux, Paris, 176S; 

 and into German by Bardili, and J. G. Schulthess, Zurich, 8vo, 1781. 



OCKLEY, 81MOX, was born at Exeter in 1678, entered Queen's 

 College, Cambridge, in 1698, was presented to the vicarage of Swave- 

 sey in 1705, was chosen Professor of Arabic in the University of 

 Cambridge in 1711, and died at Swavesey August 9, 1720. 



OcUcy bad paid great attention to the study of the Oriental lan- 

 guages, and was well acquainted with the Arabic. His principal work, 

 4 The History of the Saracens,' which was originally published in two 

 volumes 8vo, the first in 1708, and the second in 1718, was compiled 

 from Arabic manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. This 

 work, which commences at the death of Mohammed, and terminates 

 in the year 705, contains much valuable information respecting the 

 early conquests of the Arabs, and may still bo consulted with advan- 

 tage by those who are unacquainted with the Oriental languages. 

 Gibbon made considerable use of it in his 'Decline and Fall,' and 

 speaks of the author in bis autobiography as " an original in every 

 toae, who bad opened his eyes." This work however does not appear 

 to have brought Ockley much profit ; for he complains, in his inaugural 

 oration in 1711, of his straitened circumstances, and dales the second 

 volume of his history from Cambridge Castle, where be was imprisoned 

 for debt Ockley wrote several other works, of which the principal 

 are' Introductio ad Liuguas Orientates, in qua iis disoendis via 

 munitnr, et earum Usus ostenditur,' 1706; 'The History of the 

 present Jews throughout the World,' 1707, translated from the Italian 

 of Leo of Modena, a Venetian Rabbi ; ' The Improvement of Human 

 Beacon exhibited in the Life of Hai Ebn Yokdhan,' 1708, translated 

 from the Arabic ; ' An Account of South- West Barbary,' 1718 ; a new 

 translation of the second 'Apocryphal Book of Ksdras,' from the 

 Arabic version of it, 1716. He also published sermons upon 'the 

 Christian Priesthood,' and ' the Necessity of instructing Children in 

 the Scriptures.' 



O'CONNELL, DANIEL, the eldest son of Morgan O'Connell, was 

 born at his father's residence, near Cahirciveen, Kerry, August 6, 

 177.". The family of Council, or O'Connell, ia of antiquity in the south 

 of Ireland, but the circumstances of the father of Daniel O'Connell 

 were luuch straitened. Still he did not neglect the education of his 

 ton, according to bis means, for he sent him at an early age to a 

 " poor old hedge-Mhoolmaster," named David ilahouy, who first taught 

 the Irish agitator bis letters. At the age of thirteen Daniel O'Conuell 

 was removed to a school at Redington, near Cove, county Cork, kept 

 by the Kev. Mr. Harrington, a Roman Catholic priest : this school is 

 said to have been tb first publicly opened in Ireland after the repeal 

 of the persecuting laws which made it peual for a Kowau Catholic 

 to educate Us children. In 1790 Daniel, then just fifteen years of 

 age, was removed from Redington with the intention of being tent to 

 Lugo; but on reaching that place be was found to be too old for 

 admission, and accordingly was entered at St. Ouier's. There he 

 remained till 1792, when he was transferred for a time to the English 

 college of the Benedictines at Douai. Returuing after a few months 

 to St. Omcr'a, be rote speedily to the head of the college; and so 

 arrested the attention of the then president, Dr. Stapylton, that he 

 propbctird that be would hereafter make a remarkable figure in the 

 world. The first outbreak of the French revolution scattered the 

 scholars of the Roman Catholic colleges at Douai and St. Outer's. 

 Daniel O'Connell succeeded in reaching Calais safely, and, embarking 

 on board the English packet-boat, he landed on the shores of England, 

 "half a Tory at heart" to deep and keen waa the impression left 

 upon LU mind by the excesses of the revolution in France. 



The Irgal profession having been recently thrown open to members 

 of his faith, be in 1794 entered himself a student at Lincoln's Inn ; 

 and four years afterwards was called to the bar, having taken no 

 ordinary paint to qualify himself. His first public speech was against 

 tie proposed union between the English and Irish legislatures. It 

 was dtliverl at t meeting of the Roman Catholics of Dublin, assembled 

 t the Koyal Exchange in that city, for the purpose of petitioning 

 gainst that measure : but the meeting waa broken up by the inter- 

 vention of the military. In Ib02 Mr. O'Couuell, while his professional 

 prospect* were brighter than its realities, was uiarrii-d privately 

 to bis cousin Mary, the daughter of Dr. O'Connell of Tralee. The 

 eakmHoue occurrences however connected with the Irish outbreak of 

 1808, known by the name of Emmett's Rebellion, found Mr. O'Connell 

 already in ponenion of a moderate practice. He was now becoming 

 gradually absorbed in the arena of political contention. Emmett's 

 trial was the starting point of a new era in the history of Irish agitation : 

 the cruelty inflicted by the citizen-soldiery made- an imprenion at deep 

 and lasting as it was general, and the ' Catholic question,' as it was 

 called, rose daily in im|-ortsnce. From this time forward Mr. O'Connell 

 took tbc leading part in the prosecution of the Roman Catholic claims. 

 " For more than twenty years, " be writes to the late Lord Shrewsbury, 



" before the passing of the Emancipation Bill, the burden of the cause 

 was thrown upon me. I had to arrange the meetings, to prepare 

 resolutions, to furnish replies to Che correspondence, to examine the 

 case of each person complaining of practical grievances, to rouse the 

 torpid, to animate the lukewarm, to control the violent and inflam- 

 matory, to avoid the shoals and breakers of the law, to guard against 

 multiplied treachery, and at all times to oppose at every peril the 

 powerful and multitudinous enemies of the cause." Day and night he 

 devoted himself with surprising energy to the work, without receiving 

 pay or fee. In 1804 the ' Catholic Hoard ' waa dissolved by a pro- 

 clamation from government, but it was immediately revived under the 

 name of the ' Catholic Committee.' It met in the Exhibition House 

 in William-street, and its debates were reported from January 1808. 



In 1815 Mr. O'Connell fought a duel with Mr. D'Esterre, a member 

 of the Dublin corporation, and had the misfortune to inflict upon his 

 adversary a wound which ultimately proved fatal : it ia but just to 

 odd that for this result he over afterwards felt and expressed the most 

 painful remorse. Mr. O'Connell's public life henceforth offers very 

 little material for remark until we come to the very eve of the time 

 at which the Roman Catholic Emancipation Bill was carried. In ill- 

 summer of 1828, wlu-n the fever and excitement on the subject then 

 in suspense was at its height, Mr. O'Connell and his friends judged 

 that the time was come for bringing the question to a final decision. 

 In the June of that year a vacancy occurred iu the representation of 

 Clare county, and Mr. O'Connell, though a Roman Catholic, was 

 proposed as a candidate against Mr. (afterwards Lord) Fitzgerald. Ho 

 was returned to parliament by a large majority, and proceeded to 

 Westminster for the purpose of taking his seat in St. Stephen's. At 

 a Roman Catholic, he of course refused to take the oaths drawn 

 expressly against the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. Dis- 

 cuBsions in the house and arguments at the bar ensued ; and though 

 the session closed without any practical result, yet the agitation 

 in Ireland began to assume a formidable appearance, and to threaten 

 another outbreak. Alarmed at the probable consequences of further 

 opposition to claims which a large majority of educated Protestants 

 bad come to regard as just and equitable, the Duke of Wellington 

 and Sir R. Peel gave way, and early in the following year brought into 

 parliament a bill for the repeal of the last civil disabilities under which 

 the Roman Catholic body laboured. Mr. O'Connell accordingly was 

 re-elected, and took his seat as member of parliament in May 1829. 

 In the following year, at the general election consequent upon the 

 death of George IV., Mr. O'Connell exchanged the representation of 

 Clare for that of his native county of Kerry. He represented Dublin 

 from 1832 to June 1835, when he was unseated on petition, but was 

 immediately afterwards returned for Kilkenny. In 1837 he was ouco 

 more returned for Dublin, and in 1841 for the county of Cork. To 

 carry on more effectively the agitation, Mr. O'Connell had relinquished 

 his professional practice, and as a compensation for hi* loss of income, 

 an annual subscription was organised, which afterwards came to be 

 known as the ' Rent.' 



The year 1841 witnessed the return of Sir R. Peel and the Con- 

 servative party to power, and this waa the eitnal for renewed agitation 

 in Ireland. In the following year Mr. O'Connell commenced hi.-. 

 movement in favour of a repeal of the Union, which met with general 

 sympathy from the violent and the ignorant throughout Ireland. 



In 1842 and 1843 monster meetings wore collected on the royal 

 hill of Tara, on the Curragh of Kildarc, the rath of MuUaghmast, 

 and other localities renowned iu tradition and song. A monster 

 meeting announced as to be held at Clontarf on Oct. Sth in the latter 

 year was forbidden by government authority, and a state prosecution 

 for high treason was commenced against Mr. O'Conuell and the other 

 ringleaders. Mr. O'Conuell was convicted of sedition, sentenced to be 

 imprisoned for a year, and to pay a fine of 20002. The judgment w.u; 

 reversed on appeal to the House of Lords; but the prosecution 

 answered its intended cud ; the prestige and magic influence of the 

 great 'Liberator,' as he was called, was destroyed; he himself hence- 

 forth spoke in more measured language, and the funds of the Repeal 

 Association were nearly exhausted in the contest. 



The return of the Whigs to power in 1846, and the adherence 

 which Mr. O'Couuell gave to their party, introduced dissensions and 

 differences among hit immediate followers and supporters, over whom 

 for forty years he had exercised an all-powerful influence. His health 

 began to fail, and be became soured by opposition, as well as depressed 

 in spirits by the evident approach of famine in Ireland. Early in 1S47 

 he went abroad with the intention of spending some months iu Italy, and 

 of paying a devotional visit to Rome. He had not however proceeded 

 further on his way than Genoa, when ho suddenly sunk and expired 

 on the 15th of May. His heart waa embalmed and carried to Kome in 

 compliance with bis last wishes; and his body wag conveyed to 

 Ireland for interment Besides three daughters, Mr. O'Connell left 

 four sons, all of whom at one time or other have had seats in Parlia- 

 ment. His eldest son Maurice, many years .M.I', for Tralee, ird 

 in 1853 ; and his second son, John, after representing several Irish 

 constituencies, waa appointed in 1856 to the Clerkship of the Hanaper 

 Office iu Dublin. 



(Lift and Ttmet of Daniel O'Conncll, by hit Son, John O'Conndl.) 



ODENATHUS, or ODENATUS. [ZKNOBIA.] 



ODEVAEKE, JOSEPHUS D10MSIUS, the most celebrated 



