OOTOK 



O'KEEFFE, JOHN. 



M 



of what it by actual companion waa found to be. Marco da Oggiona'i 

 copy nutt be a better criterion of what the original waa. than the 

 rru'aias of tbe original iUelf, or the speculation! of all subsequent 

 rritica combined. Oggioue made two large copiet, both, it ia aaid, 

 from a aniall copy made by himtelf for the purpose - that in oil, in 

 the Royal Academy, and one in fresco for the refectory of the convent 

 of Caatellasxo, which waa copied by the Car. Ouiaeppe Botsi, though 

 Boati's picture waa taken chiefly from a copy in the Ainlroaiau 

 Library made by Andrea Bianchi called Vespiuo in 1612, when the 

 original waa already much decayed. There is an older copy at Ponte 

 Capriatca, made in 1 565, and attributed to 1'ietro LuiuL Bossi'g copy 

 waa made in 1807 for Kugfcne Beauharnais, viceroy of Italy, to be 

 worked in moaaic ; tbe cartoon is now at Munich, and the mosaic is 

 at Vii nua. But this work, made partly from one copy, partly from 

 another, from studying other works of Da Vinci, and from tbe artist's 

 own fueling of Da Vinci's style, is essentially a restoration or trans- 

 lation, and not a copy : it may have no resemblance to the original 

 beyond sixe and composition ; and to the true lover of art can have 

 little value, compared with the old unassuming copy of Oggione. 

 Tbe mere fact that Oggione's copy was painted for people who must 

 have been well acquainted with the oiigiunl, Mid by a distinguished 

 pupil of Leonardo's from tbe original when in its perfect state, ought 

 to I e sufficient guarantee for its fidelity, notwithstanding iU imper- 

 fection', making of course due allowances for the different cajucities 

 of the two men. Marco da Oggione died in 1530. 



O'GYGES, or OGYOUS. is said to have been the first king of 

 Athena and of Thcbe*. (Tzvtz, Lycoph.,' 120f>.) Thus 1'autanius 

 tell* ua that the Eotems, who were the mc*t ancient inhabitant* of 

 Boeotia, were the subject* of Ogygea, and that Thebes itself was called 

 Ogygian, an epithet which is also applied to it by ^achvlus. (I'aua., 

 U. />,!; .AUch., ' Per*,' 37.) That Ogyges was closely connected 

 with Thebes as well ss Attica appears from the tradition, according to 

 which he was said to be the son of Bocotus. (Schol. on Apollon., iii. 

 1178.) It may alto be mentioned that the oldest gate in Thebes was 

 called Ogygian. (Paus., ix. 8, 8.) 



The name of Ogyges is connected with the ancient deluge which 

 preceded that of Deucalion, and he is said to have been the only 

 person saved when tbe whole of Greece was covered with water. \\e 

 pew u scarcely any particulars respecting him ; and the accounts 

 which have come down to us are too vague and unsatisfactory to allow 

 ui to form any satisfactory opinion on the subject He belongs in 

 fact to mythology rather than to history. The earlier Greek writers, 

 Herodotus, Thuc\dides, Xcnophon, &c., make no mention of his 

 name; but the accounts preserved by I'ausauios and other writers 

 appear to indicate the great antiquity of tbe traditions reflecting him. 

 Various etymologies have been proposed of his name. Mr. Kenrick 

 tupjR.se* that the word was derived from the root jayy, sifc'infying 

 darkncn or night, and quote* a passage of Hesycbius in support of 

 hi* view, which appears however to be corrupt. The more favourite 

 theory of modern scboUn connects tbe name with Uceanus, which 

 etymology is supposed to be supported by the tradition which places 

 Ogyges in the time of tbe deluge. The name of Ogygia is supposed 

 to be applied to the island of Calypso because it lay in the ocean. I'm 

 whatever may be the etjmology of the name, the adjective derived 

 from it is frequently employed by the Greek writers to indicate any- 

 thing ancient or uuknown. We learn from the Scholiast on Hesiod, 

 that according to one tradition, Ogyges was the king of the gods ; and 

 it is not improbable that the name originally indicated nothing more 

 than the high antiquity of the times to which it referred. 



(Philological Mvtttan, No. 6, 'On the Early Kings of Attica,' by 

 Mr. Keurick ; No. 6, Ogyge*,' by Mr. Tbirlwall.) 



OHLMULLKR, DANIEL JOSEPH, a German archit-ot, who held 

 the office of Ciriibau-inipector' at Munich, was born at Bamberg in 

 1781. After studying' under Karl FUcber, to whom many other 

 architect* of celebrity were indebted for their professional education, 

 be visited both Italy and Sicily, where be spent four years in examining 

 tbe prmri]l edifice*. He was summoned home in 1819, to superintend 

 tbe erection of the Glyptotbeoa at Munich, after Klenxi'a designs. In 

 1631 be was commissioned to make designs in the gothio style for a 

 church in the Au suburb, and tbe first stone of the edifice was laid on 

 UM 2Sth November in that year. Taken altogether this structure ia one 

 of UM noblest and most successful works in that style which baa been 

 produced in modern time* in Germany, and is remarkable for the splen- 

 dour o( it. lofty window., filled entirely v. ill, painted glass, one of which, 

 whose subject is the Assumption of the Virgin, U represented in colours 

 in I ount Kacmj nekl's Art Modern*' This building alone would suffice 

 for Oehlmuller's fam ; bat it mas not tbe only one in which be bad an 

 opportunity of displaying hi* talent* during hi* brief professional 

 career, for he erected in the same style both tbe national monument 

 at WitM.bach, and the Otto chapel at Kiefernfelden, the latter of 

 which was begun in 1834, and tbeother completed in IMS. Theohurch 

 of St. Theirsta at Hallbergmooa, begun by him in October 1888, is in 

 tbe Italian style. On tbe death of JUomeuioo Quaglio in 1837, he was 

 ployed to complete the work* at tbe castle of Hnhcnrchwangau. He 

 <hd not, however, long survive bis predecessor in that building, for he 

 died at Munich, April 22, 1939. 



OHMACHT, LANDELIN, an eminent German sculptor, was born 

 at Ihmningen near Hottweil, in \\tirtomberg, In 1760. He waa th 



pupil of J. 1'. Melobior. His first public works were some sculpture* 

 for the Krcirzkirche at Rottwvil, which still decorate the choir. Among 

 hi* earlier works i* a good bust of Lnvater. In 17!Mi ho went to Home, 

 where he remained two years, and after his return to Germany he was 

 employed on several important monumental works, the finst of whieh 

 was the monument to the Burgomaster Rhode, in the cathedral of 

 Liibeck ; but hi* principal works are at Strasbourg, where he 

 in 1801. Hi* first work there was the monument of General Deaaix, 

 who was killed at llareugo, erected on the Itheiuinacl near Strasbourg : 

 there are four monuments also by him in the church of St. Thomas, 

 of which that to Professor Oberliu (1810) is one of his principal works ; 

 that to the. historian Koch (1815) is likewise much admired, llr 

 executed alto a beautiful monument in the new church to 1 >r. lileasig ; 

 another to General Kleber, iu the cathedral ; and a colossal figure to 

 Aclolph von Nassau, iu the cathedral of Speyer. There are also severs! 

 classical figures by Oehmucht a Venus ; Psyche; Flora; Heba; the 

 Judgment of Paris (at Nyciphenburg), and others. Among his busts 

 are several of Klopntock, with whom he was intimate. He died at 

 Strasbourg in 1834 : his portrait is in the Vogel collection of portrait* 

 in the possession of the King of Saxony. The celebrated sculptor, 

 David, upon seeing the works of Ohmacht at Struabourj!, is reported 

 to have said that Uhuiaeht was the Corrrggio of sculptors. 



O'KEEFFE, JOHN, was born at Dublin, on tho 24th of June 1747. 

 Being designed for a painter, he was placed, when only six years old, 

 under the charge of Mr. West at tho Koyal liii-h Academy; and his 

 literary education, in Greek, Latin, and French, was received from 

 Father Auatin, a learned Jesuit, he and his family being Komau 

 Catholics. Two years of his youth, beginning when he was about 

 fifteen, wire tpcnt in Londou with on uncle. From early boyhood he 

 had dubbled in versification : at the age of sixteen be had composed a 

 comedy : and wl.eu he was no more than eighteen another comedy of 

 his was brought out by Mossop, at the Smock-alley Theatre in Dublin. 

 His dramatic turn now took entire possession of him. He obtained an 

 engagement from Moseop as an actor, and continued for some years 

 to be a member of tho company ; acting both iu Dublin and in other 

 towns of Ireland. At the same time he exercised himself in dramatic 

 writing, often producing small pieces for his own benefits and on other 

 occasions. In 1774 he married a daughter of Sir. Hex] her, proprietor 

 of the Theatre lioyal in Dublin, by whom he bad tin".-.- children. 

 Domestic disagreement* arose : after seven ytars of union Mr. O'Keeffe 

 and his wife separated ; and the separation lasted for the remainder of 

 their live*. 



In 1778 Mr. Colman brought out successfully, at the Uaymarket, 

 the farce of ' Tony Lumpkin iu Town,' the first piece by which 

 O'Keeffe became known in England. In 1781, on his separation from 

 his wife, he removed to London, and he never again vi.-itl his native 

 country. From that time he was a play-writer by profession. The 

 greater number of bis pieces were composed for Colman's company at 

 the Uaymarket; but he wrote frequently also for Coveut Garden 

 under the management of Harris. His dramatic career may be said 

 to have closed in 17!>8, after which date no new play of his was 

 brought upon the stage. Ihe fruit of his labours WHS a collection of 

 dramatic pieces, amounting, on his own list, to no fewer than sixty- 

 eight, of which fifty-six were acted, and many of these with great 

 success. Some of them still keep possession of the stage. Such are 

 his comedy of ' Wild Oats,' and his operatic farces of ' The Agreeable 

 Surprise ' and ' Tbe Highland KeeL' 



O'Keefle'a works do not belong to a high clan. Their diction 

 is coarse, and in incident and character they are merely farcical ; but 

 the best of them have a flow of spirits, a kindliness of feeling, and a 

 richness of whim and eccentricity, which account adequately for the 

 popularity they so long enjoyed. They were composed in en 

 stances calling for much indulgence. They were the constant efforts 

 of a very poor man to preserve himself and his children from 

 beggary. And, further, from his twenty-eighth year, when a neglected 

 cold brought on inflammation of hi* eyes, he snilervil under u gradual 

 decay of eight, which cpee.dily made reading and writing alike 

 impossible. He waa never entirely blind ; but for many years hu could 

 do little more than distinguish light from darkness. 



In 17Uff twenty-one of hi* pitces were pulih .In .1 together, in four 

 volumes octavo. Tbe suWription for the edition scarcely paid tho 

 expense*. In June 1800, Mr. Harris gave him a benefit at Coveut 

 Garden, at which hu himself appeared ou the stage and delivered an 

 addresa : and the receipts enabled him to spend 300/. in purchasing a 

 small annuity. In 1803 be received a life-annuity of twenty pounds 

 from Coveut Garden, nominally as tbe purchase-money of his drama* 

 still uii| tinted : but this annuity ceased to be paid in 1826. In 1808 

 be began to receive a pentiou from the crown, to which another 

 pension of a hundred guineas was added in 1826- From these com- 

 bined sources he was, during the latest years of his life, in receipt of 

 an income little exceeding two hundred a year; and, in an honourable 

 spirit of independence. h refused a donation sent him by the Literary 

 Fund Society. In 1826 be published ' Recollections of the Life of 

 John O'Keeffe, written by himself:' two volumes 8vo. In 1828 ho 

 removed from the neighbourhood of London to Southampton, and 

 there resided thenceforth, attended by a daughter, who was his only 

 surviving child, his eldest son, a clergyman of the church of England, 

 having died of the yellow fever at Jamaica, in 1804. O'Keeffe himself 



