

OUD1NOT. CHARLES-NICOLAS. 



OUOHTRED, WILLIAM. 



604 



' Alcibiade*,' the first of bin tragedies. In the same year his 'Don 

 Carlo*, Prince of Spain, ' made iU appearance, of which the popularity 

 wu to great that it is taid to have been played for thirty nights in 

 succession, and to bae produced considerable emolument to the 

 writer. ' Titus aod Berenice ' and the Cbeata of Scapiii ' were pub- 

 Ushed in 1877. the firet of which was tranalated from Kapin, and the 

 latter from Moliere. ' Friendship in Foahion ' was published duriug 

 the following year. 



Otwav's wit procured for him the patronage of the earl of Plymouth, 

 and a cornetoy was obtained for him by this nobleman in tbe army 

 of Flanders. Not finding the military fife agreeable, he gave up bU 

 commission, and returned to London, where, being in extreme poverty, 

 he again began to write for tbe stage. ' The Orphan,' one of the most 

 pirating of all bis plays, wu performed in 1660, as was also tbe 

 History and Fall of Caius Marius.' In 1681 appeared the first part 

 of a comedy called the ' Soldier's Fortune,' which was completed by 

 tbe addition of a eecond part under the title of ' Tbe Atheist,' in 1684. 

 The greatest of all his dramatic efforts however was bis last, ' Venice 

 Preserved,' which wu exhibited in 1682, and which still keeps pos- 

 session of the stage. Its character is altogether of a higher order 

 than that of any of bis other performances. Besides the works that 

 have been mentioned, Otway wu the author of various translations 

 and numerous miscellaneous poems. An edition of bis whole works 

 wu published in 3 vols. 12mo, in 1757; and another in 4 vols. 8vo, 

 in 1818. His writings, although so numerous, did not secure him 

 from tbe miseries of indigence ; and one of the accounts of his death, 

 which are various, represents it u having been occasioned by hunger. 

 He died April 14th, 1635, before he bad reached his thirty fourth 

 year. As an author, he shows great tenderness and command over 

 the gentler feelings, and an exact knowledge of human nature. 

 Passages of considerable power also are of frequent occurrence in his 

 writing*, which however are disfigured by a prevalent grossuegs and 

 immorality. 



OUDINOT, CHARLES-NICOLAS, DUKE OF REQQIO, Marshal 

 of France, and Qrand Officer of tbe Legion of Honour, wu burn on 

 tbe 2nd (some biographers state the 25th) of April, 1767, at Bar-sur- 

 Ornain. Having chosen the career of a soldier, in opposition to bis 

 father's wishes, he joined tbe regiment of Medoc in 1783 ; but parental 

 influence induced him to withdraw from tbe army four years after. 

 Tbe general call to aims at tbe outbreak of the revolution revived bis 

 martial spirit, and on offering himself as a volunteer in 1791, his former 

 service at once procured him a battalion. In September 1 792 Oudinot 

 defended the fort of Bitsch against the Prussians, whom he repulsed 

 with great loss. After this, tbe government of the Girondists pro- 

 moted him to the cou.nmnd of the regiment of 1'icardy, left vacant by 

 its former colonel, whom the Jacobin excesses of the day had induced 

 to emigrate. At daybreak on the 2nd of June 1794, being stationed 

 at a distant outpost, the Austriana fell in great number* upon bis 

 regiment; but he held his ground for ten hours against a corps esti- 

 mated at 10,000 strong. Surrounded by the enemy's entire cavalry, 

 be foimed his men into a square, repulsed every charge of their 

 cuirassier*, till at length, having opened a patsage through them with 

 fixed bayonets, he effected bis junction with the main army, his lines 

 never once having been broken. Instantly raised to a brigade for this 

 intrepid conduct, be was sent to besiege Troves, and on the 7th of 

 August 1794 captured the town by a skilful manoeuvre. He next 

 received order* to join the army of the Khin-et-Moselle, which be did 

 on tbe 1 4th of September. During a desperate night-attack, October 

 14, 1795, be was disabled by five sabre-cuts ; and having fainted from 

 the loss of blood, wu taken prisoner by the Austrian* Released by 

 exchange a few months later, he joined Moreau's army in 1796, 

 distinguished himself at the battles of Nordlingen and Donauwertb, 

 captured several fortresses on the Danube, and wu agsin most severely 

 wounded at Ingol.tadt, On the 19th of March 1797 be attacked 

 the emigrant army of Condi before Constance, and penetratrd into 

 the town, in tpite of a second corps of Austrians by which it \uu 



Oudinot wu created a general of divuion, April 12, 1799; and on 

 tbe 4th of June contributed eflVctually to the great victory of ZurMi. 

 Being subsequently appointed head of the staff in Massenaa army, he 

 sliartd with that commander the dangers and sufferings of the siege of 

 Otnoa. Twice during this siege be succeeded in passing through the 

 English Motitsxttnf fleet, bearing with him liassena's despatches to 

 Socket. In 1800, u head of the staff under Brune, he obtained f. . -1, 

 honours at the battle of Pouolo and tbe passage of the Miucio. The 

 First Consul wu so highly satisfied with Oudinot's conduct on these 

 occasions that be pi tainted him with a swotd of honour, to wbich he 

 added one of the pieces of cannon captured from the enemy by Oudinot 

 himself. At the opening of the cau psign of Ifc06 Napoleon formed 

 a picked corps of grenadiers, the command of wbich be intrusted to 

 Oudinot, presenting him at the fame time with the grand cordon of 

 the Legion of Honour. At the bead of bis grenadiers be wu the first 

 to enter Vienna ; he crusjid the bridge over the Danube, though 

 uiiii.rinin.-d and defended with 180 pieces of cannon. General Oudinot 

 wu likewise present at Auiterlitz. 



Tbe following year he took possession of tbe counties of Neufcb/itel 

 and Valeogen, relinquished by Prussia ; and during his government 

 conciliated the inhabitants by his liberality and disinterestedness. 



Before he left his office, the burgliSra of Neufcluitel evinced their 

 esteem by a public address and the present of a sword. After the 

 battle of Jena, October 14, 1806, he marched into Poland, and gained 

 the victory of Ostrolenka, February 6, 1807. The Emperor Napoleon 

 now made him a count, to which he annexed a dotation of a million 

 of francs. But the 14th of June 1807, the morning of Kriedlaud, wu 

 the most signal of his life. On that famous ground, with his single 

 corps, he checked for many hours the advance of the whole Russian 

 army ; and after the sacrifice of half his men, enabled Napoleon to 

 come up in time to win one of his greatest battles. Meeting the general 

 after the action, Napoleon said to him, with unusual emotion, * General, 

 you have done wonders ; but wherever you are, my only fear is for 

 yourself." This incident has since afforded a subject for one of Horace 

 Vernet's best pictures. 



In the memorable campaign of 1809 tbe reputation of Oudinot was 

 fully sustained ; for after the death of Marshal Lannea, at Kaaling, the 

 second corps, formerly commanded by him, wu conferred upon Oudinot 

 in these flattering terms : " Given to you, u a general, tried in a 

 hundred fights, in wbich equal skill and intrepidity have been dis- 

 played." After the battle of Wagram, Oudinot received the marshal's 

 baton, with the title of Duke of lieggio, and a pension of 100,000 

 franc'. In 1810, Louis Bonaparte, tired of submitting to the dictation 

 of bis imperial brother, threw off the ensigns of royalty, and clandes- 

 tinely left Holland. Upon this defection, Marshal Oudinot was ordered 

 to take military possession of the country ; he fixed bis head-quarters 

 accordingly at Amsterdam. In this government he continued nearly 

 two years, exhibiting great capacity and justice, and winning the good 

 report of the Dutch people by bis integrity and equable behaviour. 



Throughout the whole of the subsequent campaigns of 1812, 1813, 

 and 1814, the name of Marshal Oudinot re-appears with undirniniahed 

 honour, as one of the best-trained and most efficient of the imperial 

 band of generals. After tbe first abdication he submitted to the 

 restored Bourbons, stodfutly adhered to their cause during the 

 Hundred Days, and wu loaded with favours by Louis XVIII. and 

 Charles X. In 1823 he accompanied the Duke of Angoulome in bis 

 expedition for the re-establishment of the King of Spain. He was 

 appointed governor of the Invalides in 1842, and died at 1'aris, Sep- 

 tember 27, 1847, in bis eighty-first year, having been upwards of sixty- 

 four years in tbe French army. 



The marshal's eldest son, Nicolas-Charles-Victor, the present Duke 

 of lieggio, commanded the French army sent in 1849 to support the 

 authority of tbe present pope in the Roman states. His younger son, 

 an oflicer of great promise, fell into an ambush in the late wars in 

 Africa, and was killed by the Arabs (June 26, 1835). 



OUUHT11K1), WILI/IAM, an English divine and mathematician, 

 wu born at Eton, Buckinghamshire, in 1573. Cole uys that be wu 

 educated at the school upon its foundation there, and wu elected 

 thence, in 1592, to King's College, Cambridge, of which, in regular 

 course he became a Fellow. While be wu an undergraduate he 

 invented ' an easy method of geometrical dialling,' but which wu not 

 given to the public before the year 1647. He proceeded to the degree 

 of B.A. in 1596, and that of M.A. in 1599. In 1603 or thereabouts, 

 Oughtred wu ordained priest, and presented to the rectory of Aldbury, 

 near Guildford in Surrey, upon which appointment be quitted the 

 University and resided upon bis living, distinguishing himself by the 

 faithful and diligent discharge of bis pastoral duties. In 1628 he wu 

 engaged by tbe earl of Arundel to become tutor to his son, Lord 

 William Howard, the nobleman whose patronage of science holds a 

 distinguished position in the history of its progress during the 17th 

 ceutury. But notwithstanding his high station in tbe scientific world 

 (and Fuller says that he was "unanimously acknowledged the prince 

 of mathematicians "), be wu in danger, in the year 1646, of a seques- 

 tration by the committee for plundered ministers, several articles 

 having been deposed and sworn against him, material enough, it is 

 said, to have sequestered him. But upon his day of hearing, William 

 Lilly, the famous astrologer, applied to Sir Bulstrode Whitlocke and 

 all bis old friends, who appeared in such numbers on his behalf, that 

 he wu acquitted by the majority. Oughtred sometimes amused him- 

 self with archery ; he wu sprightly and active at the age of eighty, 

 and, if we may believe Mr. Collier, died in an ecstasy of joy upon 

 hearing of the restoration of Charles II. Fuller ('Worthies,' i. 145) 

 says that " this aged Simeon had a strong persuasion that before his 

 death be should behold Christ's anointed restored to the throne, wbich 

 he did accordingly to bis incredible joy, and then had his 'diinittis' 

 out of this mortal life, Jan. 30th, 1660." Evelyn, in bis 'Diary 'of 

 17th August 1058, mentions meeting with Mr. Oughtred, " the famous 

 mathematician," which shows that his fame was well established. 



The following is a list of bis principal works : 



1, 'Arithmetics in Numero et Speciebus Institutio; qua; turn Lo- 

 gistica:, turn Analytical, atque odeo totius Mathematical quasi Clavis 

 est,' 12mo, 1631. This work pawed through msny editions, and an 

 English translation of it waa made by Christopher Wren, and published 

 under the title of ' The Key of the Mathematics new forged and filed.' 

 It wu introduced by Seth Ward as a text-book at Cambridge. 2, 

 'The Description and Use of the Double Horizontal Dyall, whereby 

 not only tbe bower of tbe day is shewne, but also the meridian line is 

 found ; and most astronomical questions which may be done by the 

 globe are resolved,' 12mo, 1636, Another edition appeared in 1652 



