

I'ADILLA, LOUENZO DE. 



PAEZ, PEDKO. 



the popular army, attacked and took Tordesillas, released Queen 

 Joanna, and regained possession of the archives and seals of the king- 

 dom. bendf making fourteen member* of the Junta prisoners. This 

 severe blow was followed by the Immediate disbandment of the 

 insurgent* and the IOM of their general, who, betraying the cause of 

 the people, pawed over to the royalists. Fadilla was now raised to 

 the command of the army. He wu at first successful in various 

 small encounters, and by means of skilful manoeuvres succeeded in 

 avoidirg a general engagement with the veteran troops of diaries; 

 but at length the royalists closing upon him on all sides he was obliged 

 to hasard a battle, in which he was completely defeated at Vilklar, ou 

 the 23rd of April K.'Jl. 



Padilla, who had been severely wounded in the conflict, was made 

 prisoner, together with some of his principal officers, and executed on 

 the day following that on which the battle was fought Saudoval, 

 and after him Dr. Robertson, have preserved us two letters full of 

 eloquence and manly feeling, which the illustrious martyr of liberty 

 wrote a few hours previous to his execution ; one addressed to the 

 city of Toledo, the other to his wife Doiia Maria Pacheco, in which 

 are some remarkable passages breathing respect and filial love towards 

 his father Pedro Lopez, who fought against him under the royal 

 banners. 



DOXA MARIA PACHECO DE PADILLA, the offspring of one of the 

 most illustrious families in Spain, was early married to Juan Lopez de 

 Padilla, whose political principles she embraced, and whose cause she 

 most strenuously defended. After the execution of her husband she 

 swore to support the sinking cause of the people, and to revenge his 

 fate. The citizens of Toledo, who had learned on former occasions to 

 appreciate her virtues, intrusted her with the defence of their rights. 

 The prudence and vigour with which she acted justified the confidence 

 placed in her. She wrote to the general of the French, who had just 

 invaded Navarre, to advance into Castile, promising him her powerful 

 aid. In order to procure the money requisite for raising an army, she 

 went iu person to the cathedral of Toledo, where a vast treasure of 

 rcclt siastical wealth was preserved ; and entering the temple in solemn 

 procession, with all the murks of the deepest sorrow on her countenance, 

 proceeded to take possession of the sacred deposit. She moreover 

 adroitly put into practice every artifice that could interest or inflame 

 the populace. Fur thu purpose she ordered her troops to use crucifixes 

 instead of crocses, and she marched through the streets with her son, 

 a young child, dressed in the deepest mourning, seated on a mule, and 

 having a standard carried before him on which was represented his 

 father's execution. All her efforts were however fruitless : the 

 rebellion, now confined almost within the walls of Toledo, was speedily 

 crushed in other parts of the Peninsula, By the total discomfiture of 

 the French, who were obliged to repass the Pyrenees iu haste, all the 

 royalist forces were brought into operation; and Toledo, the last 

 refuge of the Comuneros, was invested. Though she defended herself 

 with the greatest courage for four months within the walk of the 

 citadel, the clergy, whom she had highly offended by her spoliation*, 

 eea*ing to give her their support, she was obliged to surrender that 

 jjiiliesa She was however enabled to escape into Portugal, where she 

 passed the remainder of her days. Thus ended this bold though 

 unsuccessful attempt of the commons to assert their rights, which 

 contributed greatly to increase and extend the power of the crown. 



(Kel'icton de lot CoMunidada, MS. Bib. Kgtrtan, in the British 

 Museum, No. 303; Tratado de lot C'omunidadet, ib., No. 310; 

 Robertson, C'harttt V., voL it (sixth edition); Saudoval, Jlitt. de 

 Carlo* V. ; Martinez de la Rosa, liotquejo de la (Jtuerra de lot C'omuni- 

 dtnlii, vol. iiL). 



PADILLA, LORENZO DE, one of the historiographers to Charles V., 

 wax bom at Antequera, a town of Andalusia, towards the end of the 

 Ifith e~ntury. When still young he was, owing to his eminent virtues 

 and profound learning, raised to the dignity of Archdeacon of Honda, 

 in the diocese of Malaga. At the lame time he was appointed historio- 

 grapher to the crown, when he devoted bis time entirely to the study 

 of the antiquities and history of his native country. Padilla died in 

 1540, leaving behind him a general history of Spain, divided into four 

 parts, a fsw sheet* of which have been printed, according to Nicolas 

 Antonio (' Kib. Nov.,' vol. il), and the whole work was probably com- 

 mitted to the press, though the impression was never completed. 

 The original manuscript was still existing at the end of the last century 

 ill the library of the convent of St. Paul at Cordova, but has since 

 disapp<Bied. Horiui de Ocampo, Padilla's successor in office, has 

 been accused of appropriating to himself* voluminous treatise of this 

 writer on the ancient geography of Spain, which he inserted almost 

 entire in the first books of hi* ' Cronica General de EspafiV Beside* 

 the above works, Padilla wrote the following : ' Catalogo de los Santos 

 l-aba,' foL, Toledo, 1598; and Libra de las Autiguedades de 

 Kspana,' afterwards edited by Pellicer, 12mo. Valencia, 1666. The 

 following are .till inedhV.i : 1, 'OeograOade Espaba;' 2, < Nobiliario 

 o Lioagrs de Knpana;' 8, ' Origrn y Suoesion de los Principes de la 

 Cssa do Austria hasta el Hey Don Felipe;' 4, 'Catalogo de los Arzo- 

 bi*po* dc Toledo.' (Nicolaus Antonius, Bib. Nov. .Scrip*. Llitp., 

 vol. it. p. 0.) 



PAUUAM'NO, FRANCESCO, was bora in the year 1652. The 

 name of the master under whom he studied seems not to be known. 

 Judging by his works, he must have acquired his knowledge of the 



art in a good school He was an artist of eminent talents. His histo- 

 rical pictures prove his abilities and tate. His invention was fertile 

 and refined, and his drawing correct and elegant. In the church of the 

 Madonna dei Curinini at Venice there was (and perhaps still is) a 

 picture by this master representing the deliverance of two persons 

 condemned to death, by the interposition of a saint. It is a beautiful 

 performance : the colouring is good, the figures are elegant, and the 

 pencilling is remarkably tender and delicate. As a painter of portraits 

 ho was equal to the greatest masters in that branch of the art There 

 was such dignity, expression, and beautiful colouring in them, as to 

 gain universal admiration. He died in 1617, at the age of sixty-five, 

 leaving a son, Octavio, who studied first under his father, and after- 

 wards for several years at Rome. He painted in the same style as 

 his father, but was inferior to him iu invention. His chief excellence 

 was aa a portrait-painter. He died at the age of fifty-two, but iu what 

 year is uncertain. 



PAER, FEKDIXANDO, was born at Parma in 1774, according to 

 his own account, and received his first instructions in music at the 

 Conservatory della Pieta, iu his native city. It is stated that he 

 produced on opera, ' Circe,' at Venice when he was only ten years of 

 age, and that this was successful ; but to relations of so marvellous a 

 kind we are slow in giving credit After remaining some years at 

 Venice, he visited all the great cities of Italy ; then returning to the 

 place of his birth, the grand-duke, his godfather, settled ou him a 

 pension, which, by placing him in a state of independence, enabled 

 him to gratify an ardent desire to study the various branches of 

 polite literature, poetry in particular ; and to this may be ascribed that 

 judgment in setting words to music which is so conspicuous in all bis 

 compositions. 



In 1795 Paer accepted an invitation to Vienna, where he produced 

 three or four operas, and also some cantatas for the Empress Theresa. 

 In 1801 he succeeded Naumann as kapellmeister at Dresden, and 

 there brought out his ' Leonora ' and ' I Fuorusciti.' Here he was 

 introduced to Napoleon I. after the battle of Jena, and thenceforward 

 was taken into the emperor's service, whom he attended to POM 

 Warsaw, and afterwards to Paris, where he was appointed imperial 

 composer and conductor of the chamber-music of the Kmpres Marie- 

 Louise. The favour he hod enjoyed at the court of the Tuilleriea was 

 not discontinued ou the restoration of the Bourbons, by whom ). 

 noiic d in a marked manner. In 1818 he undertook the direction of 

 the Opera Italien, which office he held till the year 1825, when, from 

 alleged motives of economy, but in fact through theatrical intrigue, hu 

 was superseded. The mortification produced by this dismissal was iu 

 some degree alleviated by his election as a member of the Institute. 

 He died at Paris in 1839. 



Among the many operas by Paer, his ' Agnese,' ' Griselda,' ' Achille,' 

 and ' Sargino,' give him a titlo to be ranked among the best masters 

 of the age ; and all his other works exhibit skill in design, excellent 

 dramatic arrangement, and masterly accompaniments. He knew how 

 to turn his materials to the best advantage, and to a considerable 

 share of genius added that superior taste which is the result of strong 

 natural sense and feeling properly cultivated and directed. 



1'A I ./.. PI OUKU, a celebrated Jesuit missionary, was born at Olmedo, 

 a town in New Castile, in 1564. Having completed his studies at the 

 college of his order, he was appointed to form port of the mission at 

 Goa, and sailed for that poit in 15s". At that time the numerous 

 Portuguese who had resided in Abyssinia since the invasion of Chris- 

 toval de Qatna, being without a patriarch or spiritual director of any 

 sort, sent to Goa for some priests, when Paez and another Jesuit, 

 named Antonio MouUerrat, were despatched by the governor. The 

 two missionaries Bailed from Uoa in 1588 ; they touched at Diu, where 

 they made some stay, disguised as Armenians. They then sailed for 

 Muscat, on the 5th of April 1588. From thence they made for the port 

 of Zeila in Abyssinia ; but on their passage thither they were boarded 

 by an Arab pirate, iu sight of Dofar (14th Feb., 15S9), and carried in 

 irons to the capital of the King of Shael (Xaer in the Portuguese 

 writers). They were at first kindly treated by this sovereign ; but 

 he himsrlf being a tributary to the Turkish pasha of Yemen, and 

 bound by treaty to send him all the Portuguese who might fall into 

 his hands, Pacz and his companions were sent to Sanaa, the capital 

 of Yemen and the court of the pasha, where they passed seven years 

 in the most dreadful captivity. Being at last released by the inter- 

 cession of the Viceroy of India, who obtained their liberty upon the 

 payment of a thousand crowns ransom for each, the two missionaries 

 returned to Ooa in 1596. 



The ardour of Paez seems not to have been damped by bis past 

 sufferings ; on the contrary, after spending several years at Diu and 

 Camboya, he embarked a second time for Abyssinia, and landed at 

 Masawa in April 1603. His first, object was to learn one of the most 

 extensively used native dialects, the Ghrez, in which he soon acquired 

 such a proficiency as to be enabled to translate into it the compendium 

 of the Christian doctrine written by Marcos George, and to instruct 

 some native children in the dialogues which that work contains. 

 In 1604, Za-Di-ughel, the reigning monarch of Abyssinia, hearing of 

 the attainments of Paez and the proficiency of his pupils, ordered him 

 to appear at his court with two of them, that be might judge for 

 himself. Pacz was kindly received by the king, who conferred upon 

 him all sorts of honours and distinctions. On the following day a 



