PASLET, SIR CHARLKS WILLIAM, K.C.E 



PASQUIER, ETIENNE. 



be hfld the appointment fir*t of page and afterwards of aide-de-camp 

 to the Kiuperor Paul, and subsequently to the Emperor Alexander. 

 He first raw wnice at the great battle of Austerlitz in 1S05. In 1808 

 he was wot with the Russian ultimatum to the Porte, and in those 

 days of TurkUh barbarism owed to his own determination and activity 

 his escape from Constantinople with his life. Not long afterwards he 

 was taken up for dead from the ditch of Brailov, where he had mounted 

 to the assault ; l.e was promoted as a reward to the rank of colonel, 

 and from that time his advancement was rapid. In the great campaign 

 against the French in 1812 he fought at Borodino, and afterward* 

 being put in command of a division, which at first amounted to only 

 4000 men, but subsequently rose to 30,000, took an active share in 

 the triumphant campaign in Germany, and was one of the captors of 

 Paris. After the peace he accompanied the Grand Duke Michael in a 

 three years' tour through Europe. On the accession of the Emperor 

 Nicolas in 1825 he was named successor to Yermolov, in command on 

 the Persian frontier, nt the time of the outbreak of the war with 

 Persia. So high had the name of Yermolov risen, that it was doubted 

 by the Russians, probably for the first time in Russian history, if a 

 subject would yield obedience to the emperor's orders, and it even 

 occasioned some surprise that ' the King of the Caucasus ' allowed 

 himself to bo dethroned so easily. I'aakevicb, on the 25th of Septem- 

 ber 1826, defeated the Persians under Abbas-Mirza at Elizavethpol ; 

 later in the same year he crossed the Arax<*s ; early in the next he 

 conquered all Persian Armenia, and on the 13th of October he took by 

 assault Erivan, and thenceforth by the emperor's order bore the name 

 of Paskevich-Erivansky to commemorate the exploit. The peace with 

 Persia, established by the treaty of Turkuianchai (22nd of February 

 1828), wag almost immediately followed by war with Turkey. In 1828 

 Pa&kevich took Kara, and in the following year Erzerum, receiving in 

 reward the title of field-marshal A year of desultory warfare against 

 the Circassians in 1830 was followed in 1831 by the campaign against 

 the Poles, to whom the name of Paskevich sounded as that of a 

 countryman. He took the command of the Russian army after the 

 death of Diebitsch, and, more fortunate than his predecessor, was soon 

 able to announce the fall of Warsaw. Raised to the rank of Prince of 

 Warsaw, and made Governor-general of Poland, he promulgated the 

 organic statute of the 26th of February 1832, which unites Poland to 

 Russia, and for the next sixteen years carried out his plan of subjecting 

 the country, one of the main points of which was the conversion of 

 Warsaw into a strong fortress against its own inhabitants not less than 

 against an invading army. He succeeded so well, that 1848 passed 

 over Russian Poland without a revolt, and in 1849 the Emperor 

 Nioolas could spare him to crush the Hungarians. As on former 

 occasions, bis plans did not meet the approbation of military critics, 

 but with his usual good fortune he was enabled to commence a despatch 

 to the emperor in August with the words, "Hungary is at your feet." 

 In 1850 the jubilee of his fiftieth anniversary in the service was cele- 

 brated with great rejoicings at Warsaw, and on this occasion the 

 Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia nominated him a field- 

 marshal in their respective armies. This was the culminating point 

 of Paskevich 's long career. When the recent war broke out between 

 Russia and Turkey, the veteran was again summoned to the field, 

 much, it is said, against his will. He planned the campaign against 

 the Turk, which terminated disastrously for the Russians in the 

 rcpul-c of their attack on Silistria, and in that repulse Paskevich 

 himself, then past his seventieth year, received a severe contusion. 

 From this time he stems never to have thoroughly rallied, and after a 

 long and tedious illness he expired at Warsaw on the 29th of January 

 



Itarshal Paskevich was married to a lady who was a relative of the 

 poet Oriboyedov [GRIBOYEDOV], his companion in some of his Persian 

 campaigns, and had by her four children, one of whom, a son, Fedor, 

 is a colonel of the Russian guards, and has also made his appearance 

 as an author. A separate life of the marshal in French was published 

 by Tolstoy at Paris in 1835. 



PASLEY, SIR CHARLKS WILLIAM, K.C.B., and Lieutenant- 

 General in the Royal Engineer*, mtered the army December 1, 1797, 

 as second lieutenant in the Artillcy, but removed to the Engineers in 

 1798. Ho became first lieutenant August 28, 1799, .and captain 

 March 1, 1805. He served in 1806 at the defence of Gacta, in the 

 kingdom of Naples ; he was at the battle of Maida, and at the siege of 

 Copenhagen in 1807; bo served as aide-de-camp under Sir John Moore 

 in Spain in 1808-9, and was engaged in several skirmishes and in the 

 battle of Corona, January 16, 1809. He was employed in the Wai 

 chert n expedition, where he was chief <trg l n**r of the Marquis of 

 Huntley's division ; he reconnoitred tho enemy's coast under the fire 

 of batteries, was at the siege of Flushing, and on the 14th of August 

 1809, while leading a storming party to attack an advanced work 

 occupied by the French in front of Flushing, received a bayonet-wound 

 through the thigh, and a musket-wound which injured tin- spine. He 

 was afterwards employed in the Peninsular war. In 1810 he pub- 

 lished an ' Essay on the Military Policy and Institutions of the llrituh 

 Empire Part I.,' Svo. The work bad been commenced and tho two 

 first chapters written in 1805, but hod been interrupte i by his inilitary 

 duties in Spain and at Walcheren. Nothing further has been published, 

 but Part I. was so written as to be complete in itself, in cose Captain 

 Paaley did not think fit to publish a second part. He became brevet- 



major February 5, 1812; brevet-lieut-colouel May 27, 1813; and 

 lieutenant-colonel December 20, 1814. 



In 1817 Colonel Paslcy ).u> li-h-l a 'Course of Military Instruction 

 originally composed for the Use of the Royal Engineer IVpartmrnt, 

 by C. W. Pasley, Lieutenant-Colonel, Royal Engineers F.H.8., and 

 Director of an Establishment for instructing the Corps of Royal 

 Sappers and Miners in Military Field- Works,' 2 vols. Svo. In 1823 

 appeared a 'Description of the Universal Telegraph for Day and Night 

 Signals,' Svo ; and 'Exercise of tho New Decked Pontoons, or Double 

 Canoes, invented by Liout.-Col. C. W. Pasley, R.E.,' Svo. These two 

 works were lithographed for the use of the Establishment for Field 

 Instructions, Royal Engineer Department, Chatham. On the 22nd of 

 July 1830 he became brevet-colonel, and on the 12th of November 

 1831 regimental-colonel. 



In 1837 Colonel Pasley published in the ' Papers on Subjects con- 

 nected with the Duties of the Corps of Royal Engineers,' vol. i. 

 p. 117, &c., ' Extracts from a Report on the Copper-Pontoons used in 

 the Neapolitan Service in 1805, with Remarks on the Inefficiency of 

 all open Pontoons of the common Rectangular Form for the Passage 

 of Itapid Rivers.' His next publication contains much useful informa- 

 tion for many classes of the general public, as well as valuable 

 instruction for engineers, architect", and other scientific men. Tim 

 work was the result of experiments which occupied a long time, and 

 in which no expense was spared. It is somewhat irregular in the 

 arrangement of the matter, but that defect is in a great measure 

 remedied by a very ample table of contents, forming in fact a sort of 

 abridgment of the work itself. The full titlo of this treatise is 

 'Observations on Limes, Calcareous Cements, Mortars, Stucco* and 

 Concretes, and on Puzzolanas Natural and Artificial ; Rules reduced 

 from numerous Experiments for making an Artificial Water-Cement 

 equal in efficiency to the best Natural Cements of England, impro- 

 perly termed Roman Cement; and an Abstract of the Opinions of 

 former Authors on the Subject,' Svo, 1833. The first chapters were 

 sent to press, as he states, in May 1836, so that the printing occupi <l 

 nearly two years. 



On the 23rd of November 1841 Colonel Pasley attained the rank of 

 major-general. In 1813 ho published 'Rules for Conducting the 

 Practical Operations of a Siege Parts I. and II.,' Svo. The Uni- 

 versity of Oxford in 1844 conferred on him the degree of D.C.L., and 

 in 1845 he was created a Knight Commander of the Bath. Sir (' 

 Pagley became Lieutenant-general November 11, 1851, and Colonel- 

 commandant of the Royal Engineers November 23, 1853. He is now 

 Inspector-General of Railways. He has received the silver war 

 with two chups for the battles of Maida and Corufia, and the Penin- 

 sular medal. He has been married, but his wife died in 1848. 



PASQUIE'R, ET1ENNE, was born at Paris in 1529, and studied 

 the law under Hotuman, Balduin, Cujas, and other celebrated jurists 

 of that age. After the completion of bis studies it was several years 

 before he could get into practice. In 1564, when tho great suit 

 between the Jesuits and the university was brought before the parlia- 

 ment of Paris, Pasquier was entrusted with the management of the 

 cause on behalf of the university. He made a brilliant speech, which 

 was printed and translated into various languages, and established his 

 reputation. ('HUtoire du Porlement de Paris,' c. 26.) In 1585 

 Heuri III. made Pasquier advocate-general to the Chauibre drs 

 Comptes. In 1588 he was named deputy to tho states-general of 

 Blois, and there he witnessed the murder of the Duke of Gui-c, which 

 he relates impartially in his letters. When Henri III. was obliged to 

 leave Paris in possession of the League, Pasquier followed him to 

 Tours. His sons were at that time fighting in the king's arm; 

 one of them was killed. After the surrender of Paris to Henri I V. in 

 1594, Pasquier continued in his office of advocate-general till 1603, 

 when he resigned, and passed the rest of his life in studious retire- 

 ment. He died at Paris in 1 til 5. His works were published iu 2 vols. 

 fol., '(Euvres d'Etienne Pasquier,' Amsterdam, 1723. They consist of 

 his ' Recherohes sur la France,' which is 'an interesting work, and of his 

 ' Lettres.' The first book of the ' Rccherches ' treats of the Gauls 

 and their subjugation by the Romans ; tho invasions of the Frank*, 

 the Goths, aud the Normans ; the origin of tho Bretons and the 

 Gascons ; and the formation of the Fraukish monarchy. The second 

 book treat* of tho old institutions of the French, of the feudal 

 nobility, the peers, tho maires of the palace, the parliaments, ic. 

 The third book relates to the Roman Catholic Church ; to tho Hi -h..p 

 of Homo, and his gradual assumption of supremacy aud of the titlu of 

 ' pope;' the various conflicts between the see of Rome and the Gallicou 

 Church; the abuses introduced into tho Church; the tithes, the 

 benefices; and lastly the ' sect of the Jesuits,' as Pasquier colls it, 

 and here he insert* his ' plaidoyer ' against that order. The fourth 

 book treats of the laws and judicial customs of the monarchy. The 

 fifth book consists of remarks on the history of Clovis and his descend- 

 ants of the first dynasty. The author undertakes the defence of 

 Hrunehaut against tho imputations of the chroniclers. [Bin NIC- 

 HU'T.] The sixth book relate* to the establishment of tho third or 

 Capctian d) nasty and the history of its kings, their wars both nt home 

 and abroad, with some marvellous anecdotes, in relating wl.i 

 writer shows considerable credulity and want of critical discrimination, 

 which however are not surprising in his age. The seventh book treats 

 of French poetry ; and tho eighth book of the origin of the French 



