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PFEIFFBR, MADAME IDA. 



PH.KDRUS. 





UM Evangelical Con*itory at Colmar, then recently established. He 

 dted May lit. ISO. j*t after the publication of the ninth volume of 

 hi* ' HoeOwheo Vanuehe.' 



Hi poeini generally display shrewdness and humour, together with 

 stroas; rein of moral and religious feeling ; but his peculiar power 

 ahowi it*elf tuoet in hi* fables, which hare frequently an epigrammatie 

 enrrrv and a piquant turn of exprewion that raoder the moral coached 

 IB then additionally itriking and cfleotiTe. Beside* theee and hit 

 tale>, hi* other production* consist chiefly of poetical eputlea, epigram., 



, and lyrical piece*. In addition to theee original competitions 

 he tranalated (very freely) a great many dramatic pieces from the 

 French, which he published in fire separate Tolumea or collections, 

 from 1705 to 1774. Ilia own dramatic attempt* were deficient in 

 sustained intereat and effect 



PFE1FFBR, MADAME IDA, celebrated for the extent of her 

 travel*, including two journeys round the world, was born about 1795 

 in the city of Vienna. Her maiden name was Reyer. She says that 

 from her infancy she had a longing to wo the world ; that when she 

 was a girl of ten or twelve years old she read nothing so eagerly as 

 voyages and travels; that she made many journeys with her parents, 

 and, after she was married, with her husband ; and that she only took 

 to itayiug at home when, her husband's affairs requiring his presence 

 partly in Vienna and partly in Lemberg, the superintendence of the 

 education of their two sons was committed entirely to her. Her 

 husband having died, and the sons being established in life, she 

 resolved to make a journey to Palestine, in order "to have the 

 ineffable delight of treading those spots which our Saviour had 

 hallowed by hU presence." She had accumulated in the course of 

 about twenty year* funds sufficient for the purpose. She left Vienna 

 in March 1842, and returned to that city in December the same year. 

 She kept a diary, which she published after her return, without her 

 name, under the title of 'Reive einer Wieneriu in das Heilige Land' 

 ('Journey of a Vienna- Woman in the Holy Land '), 12mo, Vienna, 2 vols. 

 This journey included Constantinople, Brussa, Beirut, Jaffa, Jerusalem, 

 ttie river Jordan and the Dead Sea, Nazareth, Damascus, Baalbeck, the 

 Libanus, Alexandria, Cairo, and the Desert to the Red Sea ; then back 

 by Malta, Sicily, Naples, Rome, &c., to Vienna. 



Madame Ffeiffer's next travels were performed in 1805, in Sweden, 

 Norway, and Iceland, and were. published with her name, under the 

 title of ' Reise nach dem Skandinavischen Norden und der Intel Island, 

 im Yahre 1845,' 2 Vols. 12mo, 1'csth, 1846. 



On the 29th of Jnne 1816 Madame Pfeiffer set out from Hamburg 

 in a Danish brig, on her first journey round the world, and reached 

 Rio de Janeiro on the 16th of September. She left Hio on the 8th of 

 December in an English vessel for Valparaiso, where she landed on 

 the 2nd of March 1847. After remaining there a fortnight she took 

 passage in a Dutch ship for Macao, touching on the way at Otaheite, 

 and reached Macao on Uie 8th of July. She went in a Chinese junk 

 to Canton, accomplished her return safely to Hong-Kong, and then 

 took passage by a British steamer to Ceylon. She landed at I'oint de 

 Oalle on the 17th of October, visited Candy, and took her departure 

 from Colombo on the 17th of October in another British steamer for 

 Calcutta, where she landed on the 4th of November. In December 

 lie steamed up the Ganges to Benares, and then travelled overland by 

 Allahabad and Agra to Delhi, where she arrived on the 19th of January 

 1848. From Delhi she travelled in a bullock-waggon, with native 

 drivers only, and reached Bombay on the 15th of March. From 

 Bombay she proceeded in an English at aim r to Bossora, calling at 

 Muicat and Bushire. She wan next taken by the government-boat 

 from Basaora up the Tigris to Baghdad, where she arrived on the 

 12th of May. On the 17th of June she set out to ride with a caravan 

 to Mosul, and thence to Tabriz, where she arrived on the 5th of 

 August, after a journey of great danger, difficulty, and privation, 

 without another European in company, and entirely unacquainted 

 with the native language*. She travelled by caravan to Erivan, and 

 by post to Tiflis, whence she made her way to Redout-Kale on the 

 eastern shore of the Black Sea. By a Russian steamer she reached 

 Kertcb. and by another Odessa, calling on the way at Sebastopol on 

 the 20th of September. From Odessa, which she left on the 2nd of 

 October, she proceeded by steamers to Constantinople, Smyrna, Athens, 

 and Trieste, where she arrived on the 30th of October. She entered 

 Tirana on the 4th of November 1848, having gone round the glole in 

 two years and three months, and traversed, by her own reckoning, 

 about 40,000 mile* by water, and 2760 mile* by land, independently of 

 many small excursions. She published an account of these travels 

 under the title at ' Kine Fraiienfahrt urn die Welt; Raise von \\icii 

 nach Brasilien, Chili, Otaheiti, China, Ost-Indicn, 1'ersien, and Klein- 

 Alien,' 3 vola. 12mo, Vienns, 1850. The work baa been translated 

 into English under the title of ' A Woman's Journey round the World, 

 from Vienna to Brazil, Chili, Tahiti, China, Hindostan, Persia, and 

 Aria-Minor; an Unabridged Translation from the Qermaa of Ida 

 Ifriffer,' 12mo. 



In April 1851 Madam* Pfeiffcr came to Ixnxlon, preparatory to 

 undertaking another journey, towards which the Austrian government 

 had given her 10W. She was present at the opening of the Great 

 Exhibition of Industry, and took her departure from the Thames on 

 UM 27th of May, in a salliog-veMel, for the Cape of Good Hope, where 

 she arrived on the llth of August From the Cape she passed by 



Singapore to Borneo, in which island she travelled much in the interior 

 among the wild tribes of Dyaka. She left tlorneo on the li-inl of May 

 1852, and proceeded to Batavia at the north-western end of the island 

 of Java, whence she passed to the island of Sumatra, reaching I'adaog, 

 the chief town of the Dutch settlement*, on the 13th of July. In 

 Sumatra she visited the cannibal tribe* of the Batacks, and by her 

 calm and fearless bearing converted them into friends. This was an 

 exceedingly fatiguing as well as dangerous excursion. She reached 

 Padang on her return on the 7th of October, having travelled in 

 Sumatra altogether 700 mils* on horseback, and 150 miles on foot She 

 afterwards returned to Batavia, whence she proceeded by sea to Sama- 

 rang, on the west coast of Java, and visited several piacas in the 

 interior of the island. From Java she went by steamer to Macassar, 

 the chief settlement of the Dutch on the island of Celebes. Thenc-, 

 after a very short stay, rain having set in, she went to the islands of 

 Banda, Ceram, and Termite, and returned to Celebes on tho 7th of 

 March 1858. After making several excursions into the interior of the 

 island, she returned to Batavia, whence, on the 7th of July, sue soiled 

 in an American vessel for California, a voyage of nearly half the cir- 

 cumference of the globe through the seas of Java and China, and 

 across the wide Pacific Ocean. Uu the 27th of August she entered the 

 bay of San Francisco, and remained in the " execrable city," as she 

 calls it, and its vicinity, including a voyage of 300 miles northwards to 

 the Crescent City in Oregon, till the 10th of December, when she took 

 her departure by steamer for Panama, which waa reached on the 28th 

 of December. From Panama she proceeded by steamer to Callao, the 

 port of Lima, where she arrived at the end of January 1854. She 

 went over a portion of I'eru, crossed the chain of the Andes to the 

 sources of the river Amazonos, and returned to the coast at LiuayaquiL 

 Thence she returned to Panama, crossed the Isthmus, sailed to New 

 Orleans, and ascended the Mississippi as far as the Foils of St. Anthony, 

 which she saw on the 8th of August. Thence she went to Chicago, 

 on Lake Michigan, and afterwards to Lake Superior, Lake Huron, 

 Lake Erie, and the Falls of Niagara, which she beheld with unbounded 

 admiration on the 10th of August, remaining there several days, she 

 passed over Lake Ontario, and descended the St. Lawrence to Montreal 

 and Quebec. Returning to Montreal on the 20th of August, ?ho 

 crossed the river into the United States, and then by railway, aud by 

 steamer across Lake Cbamplain and down the Hudson, reached New 

 York. On the 10th of November she left New York by steamur for 

 Liverpool, where she arrived in safety, and reached London at the end 

 of December 1854. At the beginning of 1855 she went to the island 

 of St Michael, one of the Azores, where one of her sons was a resident, 

 and after remaining some months with him returned to Vienna. Shu 

 published an account of this second series of travels, and the work has 

 been translated into English under the title of 'A Lady's Second 

 Journey round the World, from London to the Cape of Uood Hope, 

 Borneo, Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Ceram, the Moluccas, Ac., California, 

 Panama, Peru, Ecuador, and the United Stutes,' 2 vols. cr. Svo, 

 London, 1855. There have been two or three translations into 

 English of each of her series of Voyages and Travels. 



Madame I'feiffer's account* of her travels are not of much value as 

 works of information. They are generally meagre, vague, and unsatis- 

 factory. Her travels in the Holy Laud aud in Iceland are more 

 interesting than her two journeys round the world. She was then less 

 hurried, and her observations aud remarks are more copious, distinct, 

 and interesting, than the greater part of her subsequent travels. 

 Calm courage, steady perseverance, and womanly tiict, di.-tinguished 

 Madame Pfeiffer throughout the whole of these arduous journeys, and 

 she has probably accomplished what no mala traveller ever has or 

 could hare done. Though always practising the most rigid economy, 

 her funds would have been quite inadequate to meet the expenditure 

 required hod she not been aided to a large extent by the free convey- 

 ance* and gratuitous hospitality afforded to her by the English and 

 Dutch colonial governments and embassies, and especially by American 

 captains and railway proprietors, who behaved to her with unbounded 

 liberality as well as with uniform kindness aud respect. 



I'lLKDKUS, a Latin writer of the Augustan age, according to the 

 general opinion. Little is known of his life except that it appear* 

 that he was born in Thrace, was brought to Rome in his youth as a 

 slave, found friends at Rome, applied himself to study, and became a 

 perfect master of the Roman language, and was made free by Augur-tun, 

 who patronised him. Ho wrote several books of fables in iambic 

 verse, borowiiiK, as he (ays in 'his prologue, his subject* from ^Eaop. 

 The fables of Phrcdrus have long been a favourite work, for the grace- 

 ful simplicity of their style, the )x>iutedness of their humour, and the 

 general soundness of their morality. They were first published by 

 1'ithou in 1596, from a manuscript supposed to have been written in the 

 10th century, and which is called the Rosamboanas manuscript, from 

 the name of the owner of it Another manuscript, which existed at 

 Rheims, was destroyed by fire in the hut century, but it bad been 

 previously collated with Pillion's edition, and the variations had been 

 copied, as well a* those in another manuscript, called Danielinus, and 

 tli'-y have been used in the later editions of Fhrcdrus. Perotto, 

 bishop of Manfredonia in the 15th century, made a collection of l.;it in 

 fables from 1'hicdrun, Avienus, and others, for the instruction of his 

 nephew, among which were thirty-two fables which are not contained 

 in the usual editions of 1'htedrus, in five book*. These fables 



