1021 



PYM, JOHN. 



PYREICUS. 



1022 



of November (1640), at a conference between the two houses in 

 reference to the subject of this impeachment, Mr. Pym made a speech, 

 in which he attempted with considerable though unsuccesful ingenuity 

 to prove that the Earl of Strafford was guilty of treason, on the 

 ground that "other treasons are against the rule of the law; but this is 

 against the being of the law." The laws against treason in England 

 having being made to protect the king, not the subject, it would be in 

 vain to look in the Statute of Treasons, the 25th Edw. III., st. 5, c. 2, 

 which at that time constituted the English law of treason (the statutes 

 of Henry VIII., making so many new treasons, having been repealed 

 by 1 Marr, c. 1), for any definition or description, or even any mention 

 of that of which Strafford was accused, viz. an attempt to increase the 

 power of the kinp, and to depress that of the subject. Pym was 

 aware of this, and he endeavoured to meet it by saying that this 

 treason of which he speaks " is enlarged beyond the limits of any 

 description or definition." On the 26th of February 1640, when the 

 articles against Laud had been read, Pym made a powerful speech 

 against him. 



We are furnished by Clarendon with some interesting information 

 respecting the manner of life about this time of Pym and one or two 

 of his illustrious friends. " When Mr. Hyde sat in tLe chair," says 

 Clarendon, " in the grand committee of the house for the extirpation 

 of episcopacy, all that party made great court to him (Clarendon) ; 

 the house keeping those disorderly hours, and seldom rising till after 

 four of the clock in the afternoon ; they frequently importuned him 

 to dine with them at Mr. Pym's lodging, which was at Sir Richard 

 Mauly's house, in a little court behind Westminster Hall, where he 

 and Mr. Hambden, Sir Arthur Hazlerig, and two or three more, upon 

 a stock kept a table, where they transacted much business; and invited 

 thither those of whose conversion they had any hope." Clarendon 

 also mentions that they sometimes went out after dinner to ride in the 

 fields between Westminster and Chelsea. 



At the conference held between the two houses on the 25th of 

 January 1641, on presenting to the lords certain petitions which the 

 Commons had received from various parts of the kingdom, London, 

 Essex, &c., Mr. Pym made a speech, in which he earnestly urged upon 

 them that " the Commons will be glad to have your help aud concur- 

 rence in the saving of the kingdom ;" but at the same time warned 

 them that " if they should fail of it, it should not discourage them in 

 doing their duty." And he concluded, " My lords, consider what tl e 

 present necessities and dangers of the commonwealth require ; what 

 the Commons have reason to expect ; to what endeavours and counsels 

 the concurrent desires of all the people do invite you: so that applying 

 yourselves to the preservation of the king and kingdom, I may be bold 

 to assure you, in the name of all the commons of England, that you 

 shall be bravely seconded." So well was the House of Commons 

 satisfied with the boldness of their speaker, that they voted him the 

 thanks of the House, and " further ordered, that Mr. Pym be desired 

 to put the speech he made at this conference into writing, and to 

 deliver it into the House, to the end it may be printed." 



It will convey gome idea of the effect of Pym's eloquence to state 

 that when he mudc his celebrated speech at Guildhall, the acclamations 

 were so loud at the end of every period, that he was frequently com- 

 pelled to remain silent for some minutes. So great indeed were his 

 power and popularity, that he received the appellation of King Pytn. 



The influence of Pym on the counsels of parliament having exposed 

 him to the chief odium of the opposite party, he some time before bia 

 death, in 1043, published a vindication of his conduct, in answer to 

 the reproaches of having been the promoter of all the innovations 

 which had been introduced into the Church of England, and the person 

 who had produced all the evils which then afflicted the kingdom. 

 In this paper he declared that he was and ever had been and would 

 die a faithful son of the Protf slant religion, without having the least 

 tincture of anabaptiam, Brownism, and the like errors ; and he justified 

 his consenting to the abolishment of episcopacy. With regard to 

 the reports of his being the author of the differences then subsisting 

 between the king and his parliament, he affirmed that he never had a 

 (ingle thought tending to the least disobedience or disloyalty to his 

 majetty, whom he acknowledged for his lawful sovereign, and would 

 spend his blood as soon in his service as any other subject in the 

 kingdom. That it was true, when he perceived his life aimed at, aud 

 heard himself proscribed as a traitor, he had fled for protection to the 

 parliament, who justly acquitted him and the other gentlemen accused 

 with him of the guilt of high treason. If this therefore had been the 

 occasion of his majesty's withdrawing from the parliament, the fault 

 could not in any measure be imputed to him, or to any proceeding of 

 hifl, which had never gone further, either since his majesty's departure 

 or before, than was warranted by the known laws of the kingdom and 

 the indisputable power of the parliament. (Rushworth's ' Collections," 

 part Hi., vol. ii., p. 376, ed. 1721.) 



In November 1643 Pym wan appointed lieutenant of the ordnance. 

 He died at Derby House, on the 8th of December of the same year, 

 nd on the 13th of that month he was buried in Westminster Abbey, 

 his body being carried to the grave by six members of the House of 

 Commons. He left several children by his wife, a woman of singular 

 accoiriplihmeuU, who died about the year 1620. 



A report was put in circulation by his enemies that Pym died of the 

 loathsome disease called ' morhus pediculosua." However there exists 



a document, attested by seven physicians, two surgeons, and one 

 apothecary, which states that the disease of which he died was an 

 imposthurne in the bowels. And Ludlow mentions that Pym's body 

 was for several days exposed to public view in Derby House, before 

 it was interred, in confutation of those who reported it to be eaten 

 with lice. (Ludlow's 'Memoirs,' p. 31, fol. edit., London, 1751.) 



PYNAKER, ADAM, a celebrated landscape painter of the Dutch 

 school, was born in 1621, at the village of Pynaker, between Schiedam 

 and Delft, and always retained the name of the place of his birth. It 

 does not appear under what master he studied ; he went however to 

 Rome for improvement, and remained three years in that city, where 

 he made snch good use of his time, that he returned to his owu 

 country with the reputation of an excellent paiuter. He in general 

 preferred a strong morning light, which allowed him to give his trees 

 a more lively verdure. His landscapes are enriched with picturesque 

 ruins or fine buildings, and his figures are spirited and suitable to his 

 subjects. He is much esteemed for the skill with which he gives tho 

 effect of distance gradually receding from the view as far as the eye 

 can reach. His larger pictures are by no means equal to his smaller 

 ones, which are highly esteemed. Pynaker died in 1678, at the age of 

 fifty-two. 



* PYNE, JAMES B., was born at Bristol, on the 5th oFDecember 

 1800. He was articled to a solicitor in that city, but as soon as his 

 apprenticeship had expired he gave up his legal studies and devoted 

 his attention to art, maintaining himself by teaching drawing, paint- 

 ing, cleaning old pictures, &c. In 1835 he removed to London, and 

 he appears, from the statements he supplied to the 'Art Journal' 

 (July 1849), to have been for a considerable time after his arrival iu 

 tlie metropolis chiefly indebted to the good offices of the picture- 

 dealers. Gradually the bold and characteristic style of Mr. Pyne's 

 landscapes secured more attention. In 1846 he visited Italy, Switzer- 

 land, and Bavaria ; and his style and colour gained in freshness and 

 variety by his tour. He next spent two or three sketching seasons 

 among the lakes and mountains of Westmoreland and Cumberland, 

 and the results of his labours there were published in 1853 in a fulio 

 volume (published by Mr. Agnew of Manchester) entitled ' The 

 English Lake District, painted by J. B. Pyne, and lithographed by 

 W. Gauci." This work is noteworthy not only as by far the most 

 characteristic and beautiful series of illustrations of the English lakes, 

 but as the most costly and splendid work of the kind yet issued by a 

 provincial publisher. Mr. Pyne had previously published a series of 

 views of ' Windsor and its surrounding Scenery.' Iu 1851 he revisited 

 Italy, and remained there till 1854, when he returned to England 

 with a rich portfolio of sketches. Like most other English artists, 

 Mr. Pyne's early ambition was to obtain the distinction of Royal 

 Academician, and he was therefore for some years a pretty regular 

 contributor to the Academy exhibitions; but at length (about 1842) 

 he joined the Society of British Artists r and to the gallery in Suffolk- 

 street he has since for the most part sent his more important pictures. 

 In that society he has risen to high office and won his chief triumphs, 

 and with it he may now be regarded as identified. Mr. Pyne's style is 

 somewhat mannered and conventional, and his colour peculiar ; but 

 he is original, vigorous, and brilliant, and is undoubtedly one of the 

 ablest of living landscape-painters. It ought to be added, that as a 

 teacher Mr. Pyne has been very successful : among the painters who 

 have been his pupils may be named his fellow-townsman Miiller. 

 [MiJLLER, WILLIAM JOHN.] Mr. Pyne has contributed letters and 

 papers to the 'Art-Journal' on drawing, composition, and colour in 

 landscape-painting. 



PYNE, WILLIAM HENRY, was the son of a tradesman in Ho^orn, 

 London, where he was born in 1770. As an artist he possessed con- 

 siderable facility and tact, without any very marked originality or 

 power. He was one of the original members of the Society of Painters 

 in Water Colours at its foundation in 1805, and practised landscape, 

 figure, and portrait-painting. But he is better known by his publica- 

 tions than by his pictures. Of those his first and most elaborate was 

 entitled ' Microcosm, or a Picturesque Delineation of the Arts, Agri- 

 culture, Manufactures, &c. of Great Britain,' oblong folio, 1803. This 

 is a perfect treasure-house of the costume, implements, &c. of the 

 peasantry and labouring classes of this country half a century back. 

 Another work of an expensive character was his ' History of the 

 Royal Residences,' 3 vols. 4to, 1819, containing a large number of 

 plates engraved in aquatint, and coloured in imitation of water-colour 

 drawings : in this work the drawings were executed by Messrs. Wild, 

 Stephanoff, &c. as well as by Mr. Pyne. He also published some 

 separate prints, as ' The Funeral of the Princess Charlotte,' &c. : in 

 most of these publications he was associated with the elder Ackerman. 

 Being of a social turn, and a great collector and repeater of anecdotes, 

 his society was a good deal sought, and his social success led him .to 

 turn author. His first work of this kind was a lively series of papers 

 contributed to the ' Literary Gazette,' which was collected and. pub- 

 lished in three volumes under the title of ' Wine and Walnuts." The 

 popularity of this work induced him to start a weekly periodical called 

 ' The Somerset House Gazette,' but it lasted only a year. Later in 

 life he wrote some gossipping papers in Frazer's Magazine. He died 

 May 29, 1843, in his seventy-fourth year. 



PYREICOS, a Grecian painter of uncertain age and country, but 

 he most probably lived shortly after the time of Alexander. He was 



