1037 



QUERINI, ANGELO MARIA, CARDINAL. 



QUIETUS. 



1038 



and papers, as well as a great many dissertations, in the ' Magasin 

 Encyclope'dique ' of Millin, and various lives in the 'Biographic 

 Universelle,' besides numerous ' t51oges ' read by him at the Academy 

 of these last he published a selection, of little value or interest, in two 

 bulky volumes, entitled ' Recueil de Notices Historiques rue's dans les 

 Sdances Publiquts de 1'Acade'mie Royale des Beaux-Arts i ITnstitut,' 

 8vo, Paris, 1824-37. Two of his works have been translated into 

 English 'The Destruction of the Works of Art, and the Use to 

 which they are applied, considered with regard to their Influence on 

 the Genius and Taste of Artists, and the Sentiments of Amateurs,' by 

 Henry Thomson, 12mo, 1821; and the 'Essay on Imitation in the 

 Fine Arts,' by J. C. Kent, Svo, 1837. 



Two other writers of the same name have attained some distinction. 

 DENIS BEENABD QUATREMRE DISJONVAL (born 179), as a naturalist; 

 and ETIENNE MARC QUATREMRE DE QCINCY (born 1782), as a writer 

 on the geography, history, language, and literature of Egypt. 



QUEKl'NI, A'NGELO MARI'A, CARDINAL, was born at Venice, 

 of an illustrious patrician family, in 1680. He studied first at Brescia 

 under the Jesuits, and at the age of seventeen entered the Benedictine 

 order. Having become well acquainted with the Greek, Hebrew, and 

 biblical learning, he was made instructor of the novices, for whom he 

 wrote a dissertation, ' De Mosaicso Histories Prsestantia.' He after- 

 wards travelled during four years in France, England, Holland, and 

 Germany, and enjoyed the society of some of the most distinguished 

 men of those countries. In his ' Commentai ii de Rebus ad se perti- 

 nentibns,' he gives some account of what he saw, and the conversations 

 he had with many learned men. On his return to Italy he published 

 several works on liturgic antiquities : 1, ' Vetus Officium Quadragesi- 

 male Graiciae Orthodoxse;' 2, ' Diatribe ad priorem partem veteris 

 Officii ; ' 3, ' De Ecclesiasticorum Officioruni apud Grsocos Antiquitate ; ' 

 4, 'De Hymnis Quadragesimalibus Grsecorum;' 5, 'De Aliis Canticis 

 Quadragesimalibus.' In the year 1721 Querini was made Archbishop 

 of Corfu ; and he illustrated the antiquities and history of that island 

 in his ' Priroordia Corcyrso ' and other works. In 1723 he was trans- 

 ferred to the fee of Brescia, and soon after he was made a cardinal, 

 and librarian of the Vatican. It was after his promotion to the see of 

 Brescia that he wrote his literary history of Brescia, 'Specimen 

 llrixianaj Litteratuno quse post Typographiao Incunabula florebat,' 

 1739. He also published the Lives of Paul II. and Paul III., in the 

 former of which he endeavoured to clear the memory of that pope 

 from the charges of Platina and other historians [PAUL II., Pope] ; and 

 he edited a collection of the epistles of Cardinal Reginald Pole. His 

 other works consist of dissertations upon literary subjects, both sacred 

 and profane, and of numerous epistles, chiefly in Latin. Cardinal 

 Querini was in every respect one of the most distinguished prelates of 

 the Roman Church in the 18th century. Spotless in his morals, 

 modest and simple in his habits, generous, meek, and charitable, he 

 conciliated the eetcem of men of all countries and opinions. Frederic 

 the Great wrote to him in the most flattering terms. Voltaire dedi- 

 cated to him his tragedy of 'Semiramis' and other works. Querini 

 laboured particularly to improve the town of Brescia, of which he was 

 l/ii-hop : he completed the structure of its handsome cathedral, founded 

 a clerical college, a house for female instruction in the Val Camonica, 

 and, lastly, he established the public library of BresciS* He died in 

 1755. 



QUEVEDO Y VILLEGAS, FRANCISCO GOMEZ DE.anemimnt 

 Spanish satirist, was bora at Madrid in September 1580. His father, 

 Pedro Gomez de Quevedo, had been secretary to the Empress Mary, 

 and afterwards filled the same situation to Queen Anne, wife of 

 Philip II. His mother, Dona Maria de Santibanez, was lady of the 

 bed-chamber to the queen. Both were of noble family, and descended 

 from ancient landed proprietors in the Valle de Toranno. His father 

 having died when he was a child, Quevedo was brought up in the 

 rojal palace by his mother. He was sent early to the University of 

 Alcahi, where he made snch progress in his studies that he took his 

 degree of Doctor in Theology at the age of fifteen. Grown weary of 

 theology, Quevedo applied himself with ardour to the stuily of civil 

 and canon law, medicine, and natural history ; the learned languages, 

 nnd the various systems of philosophy were also in the number of his 

 acquirement!". Ho appears to have injured his sight by constant 

 rending, and he was ever after incapable of distinguishing any object 

 at the distance of three paces without the aid of glasses. But neither 

 this deformity nor the crooked legs which he received from nature 

 deterred him from mixing in fashionable society, and being considered 

 a Teiy accomplished cavalier. He is said to have been very gallant 

 towards the fair sex, but exceedingly jealous of his honour and that 

 of his friends; he could wield all weapons of defence with singular 

 dexterity ; and as ho was endowed with much strength and courage, 

 lie remained victorious in several encounters. In ono instance how- 

 I is antagonist, who waa a man of quality, having been severely 

 wounded, Quevedo was compelled to quit the court and repair to 

 Naples, where ho was kindly received by the Spanish envoy Don Pedro 

 liiron, duko of Osuna, who not only retained him in his service, but 

 procured his pardon at Madrid. Whilst at Naples, Quevedo executed 

 some very important commissions with which he was entrusted by the 

 viceroy. He crowed the sea seven times to Madrid, and went also to 

 Rome on a secret mission. It is even said that he was concerned in 

 the celebrated liedmar conspiracy at Venice, which city he entered 



disguised as a beggar. On the fall of his patron, who was recalled to 

 Madrid, and cast into a dungeon, where he ended his days, Quevedo 

 returned to court; but scarcely had he arrived there when he was 

 himself arrested, and confined to his country-seat, la Torre de Juan 

 Abad, upon the charge of being the author of certain libels on the 

 government. After three years of close confinement, Qucvedo's papers 

 having been examined, and his innocence proved, he was allowed to 

 revisit the court ; but, tutored by experience, he refused many import- 

 ant offices that were offered to him, and continued to lead a country 

 life wholly devoted to literary pursuits. It is probable that at this 

 period he wrote the poems which appeared afterwards under the 

 feigned name of El Bachiller la Torre. He soon after wrote his 

 'Politica de Dios y Govierno de Christo,' which he dedicated to his 

 patron the Duke of Osuna, and which was printed for the first time 

 at Barcelona in 1629, Svo. Quevedo was upwards of fifty years of 

 ape when he married ; but his wife, to whom he was tenderly attached, 

 did not live long. This induced him to revisit Madrid, where in 16il 

 he was again arrested on the charge of libel, and cast into prison, 

 where he remained for ?iearly two years. At last Quevedo having 

 appealed for justice to the Conde Duque de Olivares, the all-powerful 

 minister and favourite of Philip IV., his case was for the first time 

 investigated, when it was ascertained that the libellous publication 

 attributed to him was the production of an obscure monk. He was 

 consequently released, and allowed to retire to his country-seat; but 

 the loss of a considerable portion of his fortune, which had been 

 sequestrated during his confinement, and a chronic disease contracted 

 in his prison, shortened his days, and he died some time after, in the 

 neighbouring town of Villanueva de los Infantes, on the 8th of Sept. 

 1645, at the age of sixty-five. 



Quevedo was undoubtedly one of the best writers of his age; and, 

 with the exception of Cervantes, no Spanish author has ever displayed 

 more originality in his writings. He excelled equally in verse and 

 prose. " His heroic pieces," says Nicolas Antonio (' Bib. Nov.,' vol. i. 

 p. 460), "have great force and sublimity; his lyrics, great beauty and 

 sweetness; and his humorous pieces, a certain easy air, pleasantry, 

 and ingenuity of turn which is really delightful to the reader." He 

 appears as the rival of Gongora in numerous comic ' letrillas ' and 

 romances in the old national style. But it is as a prose writer that 

 Quevedo has acquired fame out of his own country. His prose writ- 

 ings are of two sorts, serious and comic : the first consist of pieces 

 written upon moral and religious subjects ; the latter are satirical and 

 full of wit and humour; the style however in which they are written 

 is at times so quaint as to be almost unintelligible to strangers. They 

 were nevertheless translated into almost every language of Europe. 

 His ' Sueiios,' or ' Visions,' enjoyed the greatest celebrity. They 

 consist of various visions of the other world, in which the author sees 

 the end of earthly vanities, and the punishment that awaits crime. 

 Great knowledge of human nature ia displayed in them ; and sur- 

 prising wit and humour. Shortly after their first appearance (Madrid 

 1649) they were translated into German by Moscherosch. They were 

 subsequently put into English by Sir Roger 1'Estrauge (Svo, Lond., 

 1668), and were so well received by the public, that in 1715 there 

 appeared an eleventh edition of them. A new translation of them 

 was published by Pineda (Svo, Lond., 1734). Lastly an edition in 

 three volumes small Svo was published at Edinburgh in 1798, con- 

 taining the following works by Quevedo, besides his ' Visions : ' 

 ' The curious History of the Night Adventure ; ' ' The Life of Paul 

 the Spanish Sharper;' 'Fortune in her Wits;' 'Proclamations by 

 All-Father Time, a treatise of all things whatsoever, past, present, 

 and to come.' Letters on several occasions, &c. The first edition of 

 the collected works of Quevedo appeared at Madrid in 2 vols. 4to, 

 1649-64. They have since been repeatedly reprinted both in and out 

 of Spain. A princely edition, with many important additions, was 

 published at Madrid by Harra, in 6 vols., large quarto, 1772; but the 

 best is undoubtedly that of Sancho, in 11 vols. Svo (Mad., 1790-94), 

 as it contains much that is not to be found in any of the preceding 

 ones. Several detached 'pieces by Quevedo, till then inedited, were 

 published about the close of the last century, in the first, third, sixth, 

 and fifteenth volumes of the collection entitled ' Semanario Erudito ; ' 

 a few also of his fugitive poems may bo found in the ' Parnasso 

 Espanol." Quevedo wrote several dramas and some historical works, 

 but these have been lost to literature. Indeed there is every reason 

 to believe that wo possess in print but a small portion of Quevedo's 

 writings, since his friend Antonio de Tarsia, who wrote his life (Mad., 

 1663), informs us that "not a twentieth part of Quevedo's writings 

 had then escaped destruction." 



QUIE'TUS was the sou of Macrianus, an officer of distinction in 

 the service of Valerianus. When that emperor was defeated and taken 

 prisoner by tho Persians (A.D. 260), the soldiers ofiered the empire to 

 Macrianus the elder, who refused it on account of his age, but 

 accepted it for his two sons, Macrianua the younger and Quietus. In 

 the meantime Galienus, the son of Valerianus, had been proclaimed 

 Augustus at Rome ; but his authority was not acknowledged beyond 

 the limits of Italy, and numerous usurpers arose in the various pro- 

 vinces of the empire, who have been styled " the thirty tyrants." 

 Aureolus, one of these, attacked the two Mucriani, father and son, oa 

 their march through Thrace, defeated them, and put them to death. 

 Quietus, who was a mere youth, appears to have remained behind in 



