. ' 



V, JAMES. 



QUINCTIUANDS, MARCUS FABIUS. 



Ai. Bring seized by Odenatus, prince of Palmyra, who assumed the 

 command of the lioruan armies in the East, he was put to death. 

 (Tnbelliut Pollio, Triytnta Tyranni, in IMuria Auyiula.) 



Coin of Quietus. 

 Brltiih Mu-ciim. Actual nir.c. 



QUIN, JAMES, was born in King-street, Covent Garden, on the 

 24th of February 1693. His ancestors were of au ancient Ku.'li-li 

 family, but liU father had bean settled in Dublin, and liis grand- 

 father, Mark Quin, was lord-mayor of Dublin in 1C7C. There is no 

 account of hi* mother in any of his biographies ; and in 1710, when bis 

 father died, James Quiu was unable to prove his legitimacy. He w*s 

 intended for the bar, and was educated in Dublin by Dr. Jones of that 

 oily. At the age of twenty he came to England, and took chambers 

 in the Temple, but finding his means after his father's death inade- 

 quate to his support, he turned his thoughts to the stage, for which 

 profusion he possessed many important qualifications, an expressive 

 countenance, a majestic figure, a powerful eye, and a clear, full, and 

 melodious voice. He was introduced by Ryan, the actor, to the 

 managers of Drury-Lanc theatre, and engaged, in 1717, to appear in 

 the course of the ensuing winter. A tavern brawl, connected with 

 an intrigue, involved him in law proceedings, and he was compelled 

 for a short time to retire to Ireland. On his return to London he 

 n:adu some sensation in the part of Bajazet, at Covent-Qarden ; and 

 in 1720 made hia first great hit in the character of Falstaff. He was 

 considered at the head of his profession till Garrick made his appear- 

 ance, of whom he at first spoke contemptuously. 



In 1746 these two great rivals performed together in the 'Fair 

 Penitent,' and in 1748 Quin retired from the stage, but annually per- 

 formed FalstaiT for the benefit of his old friend Ryan, till the year 

 1754, when, having lost two of bis front teeth, he declined appearing, 

 declaring that he " would whistle Falstaff for no man." Quin di, d 

 at Bath, on the 21st of January 1763. He was a master of elocution, 

 and was engaged in that capacity by Frederick, Prince of Wales, to 

 instruct bis sou Prince George, afterwards George III. Quin's excla- 

 mation of "I taught the boy to speak," on hearing his majesty deliver 

 his first speech from the throne, has been quoted more frequently 

 than any of his jokes, although both for number and humour they 

 would of themselves form a capital jest-book. He was a great epicure, 

 and his manners were sometimes coarse and overbearing; but it 

 should never be forgotten that he released Thomson, the author of 

 the ' Seasons,' from a apungiug-house by paying the debt and costs 

 for which th poet was incarcerated, without having had any personal 

 acquaintance with him. 



QUINAULT, PHILIPPE, was born at Paris in 1635. He studied 

 the law, and afterwards followed it as a profession for a time, but 

 owing to his inclination to poetry, he neglected it, and began to write 

 for the Mage. He wrote several tragedies and comedies for the 

 Tin'. it re Fran vail, which are now forgotten. About 1G73 ho began 

 writing plays for the Grand Opera, wliich his friend Lulli But to music 

 [Lui.u]; and it is on this kind of composition, which partakes 

 strongly of the lyric, that Quinault's reputation as a poet was estab- 

 lished. He is considered the first writer of French operas; the 

 attempt* made before his time by Pen-in were below mediocrity. 

 A. \V. .Schlegel observes that Quinault's lyric tragedies are in manner 

 and style of composition, light, animated, and fantastic, preferable to 

 that of the great Italian mclodraiuatist Metastattio. The opera of 

 ' Armide ' it considered Quinault's master-piece. Louis XIV. bestowed 

 on Quinanlt the order of St Michael, with a pension of 2000 livres, and 

 the French Academy and the Academy of Inscriptions and Belle*- 

 Lettres numbered him among their members. At Lulli's death, iu 

 1G87, Quinault ceased to write for the stage, and he died the following 

 year, leaving a considerable fortune among his daughters. All his 

 dramas have been collected and published : ' I.e ThrVitre de M. 

 Quinault, contenant tea Tragedies, Comedies, et Opera, Edition aug- 

 inentee de na Vie, et d'une dissertation lur scs Ouvrnges et aur 

 1'Origine de TOrW-ra,' 6 vola, 12mo, Paris, 1715. 



QUINCTILIA'NUS, MARCUS FA'BIUS, is said by Jerome 

 (' Chron, Kuseb.') to bare been a native of Calagurris (Calahorra), a 

 town in the northern part of Spain, and to have been brought to 

 Home by Galba, on the death of Nero, AD. 68. There is however 

 sufficient evidence in the works of Quinctilian to prove that he was 

 educated if not born at Rome ; and it is certain that he must have 

 lived at Rome at least as early as A.D. 69. He describes himself as an 

 odolescentulua ('Oral. Inst/ v. 7, p. 271, ed. Bipont) and juvenis 

 (' Id.,' x. 1, p. 212) when he heard Domitius Afar, who died, according 

 toTacitun ('Ann.,' xiv. 68), in thst year. Dodwell, in his 'Annalo 

 (,'uintilianei,' maintains that Quinctilian was born at Home in the 

 beginning of the reign of Claudius, about A.D. 42, and account* for the 



statement of Jerome by supposing that Quinctilian accompanied Galba 

 to Spain, and returned with him to Home on the death of Nero. That 

 Quinctilian was not born iu Spain is confirmed by the fact that Martial, 

 wlio waa himself a native of Spain, and speaks of most of hia Ml>.- 

 countrymen who were in any way eminent, never mentions Quiuctiliou 

 M such ; in addition to which, (Quinctilian himself sp. :-:iks of his father 

 as if he had been an orator at Koine (' Inst Oral.,' ix. 3, p. 10:' I' 

 is thought by some writers that M. Seneca alludes either to the father 

 or grandfather of Quinctilian, in the fifth book of his ' Controversial ' 

 (' Proof.,' p. 827, ed. Bipont). 



Jerome says (loo. cit) that Quinctilian was the first rhetorician 

 who received a salary from the fucus, which mutt have been first given 

 him in the time of Vespasian. (Suet, ' Vesp.,' IS.) He practised as 

 an advocate with great reputation ('Oral. Innt.,' ii. 12, p. lift, mid also 

 taught rhetoric for twenty years ('Id.,' Pncf. in lib. i.), to 1> 

 which occupations Martial alludes in an epigram (ii. 90) addit 

 him. After retiring from his profession, he was entrusted by Domi- 

 tian with the education of the nepotes of his sister (' Inst Orat.,' Pncf. 

 in lib. iv., p. 210), and about the same time wrote his grent work mi 

 the education of an orator. We are ignorant of the time of his death : 

 Dodwell supposes that he lived till the beginning of the reign of 

 Hadrian, and that this emperor bestowed upon liim the consular orna- 

 ments, which we know were granted to him at pome period of hi life. 

 (Auaonius, 'Grat Actio,' p. 290, ed. Bipout) Juvenal (viL 192) also 

 speaks of his being a senator. 



In the preface to the sixth book of his work on the instruction of nn 

 orator, Quinctilian bitterly laments the death of his wife and two 

 fcous, and complains that there was no providence in the government 

 of human affairs. Hia wife died in her nineteenth year, and his 

 younger son in his fifth, aoon after the death of hia mother. Ti. 

 lived to the age of ten, and died while Quinctilian was engaged in his 

 great work. It appears however that he married again, or that lie 

 liad a daughter, whom he has omitted to mention; eince Pliny the 

 Younger, in a letter to Quinctilian (' Kp.,' vi. 32), speaks of a daughter 

 of his, who was to be married to Nonius Celer. 



Quinctilian was the most celebrated teacher of rhetoric in hia time. 

 The younger Pliny was one of his pupils (' Kp.,' vi. 6), as well as many 

 other eminent men. Quinctilian complains that many works had been 

 published under hia name without his consent. He particularly men- 

 tions two books on the art of rhetoric, which had been taken down l.y 

 his pupils and afterwards published from their notes ('Inst. Orat., 

 Pncf. in lib. i.) ; and ho also says that several of his speeches were 

 published in the same way from the notes of the shorthand writers 

 (vii. 2, p. 21). According to Juvenal (vii. ISC, &c.), Quinctilian 

 acquired great wealth by his profession, but Pliny (' Ep.,' vi. 32) speak* 

 of him as in moderate circumstances. Juvenal however appears t.> 

 speak of bis wealth in comparison with other rhetoricians, while 

 Pliny perhaps compared it with his own fortune. 



Quinctilian's work on the education of an orator ('Inetitutio Ora- 

 toria') was written, as already stated, in the reign of Domitian, upon 

 whom he bestows the most extravagant flattery iu the preface to hia 

 fourth book, and invokes bis assistance as a god iu the composition of 

 the work. It is dedicated to Marcellus Victorias, whose son he had 

 educated, and it was undertaken chiefly for the instruction of his own 

 son, who died before it was finished. (' Pncf.' in lib. vi., p. 342.) It 

 is divided into twelve books, and its object is not merely to give the 

 chief rules of the art of rhetoric, but also to point out the course of 

 education which an orator should pursue. He gives an outline of the 

 whole work in the preface. The first book, he says, treats of tlu.se 

 subject* which must be studied before rhetoric. Iu the second, tin- 

 elements of rhetoric are discussed ; and in the five following inrentio, 

 in which diipotitio is included. Elocutio, memory, and pronunciation 

 form the subject of the four next; and the last is devoted to a disc i 

 of the qualifications necessary for on orator, and of the manner in 

 which causes should be pleaded. 



The first book is perhaps the most interesting to us, as it give* us 

 home knowledge of the manner in which a respectable Roman ymith 

 was educated. Quinctilian commences by saying that the education 

 of the orator should begin from his infancy, and recommends that the 

 nurses and all persons about the child should have a correct pronuncia- 

 tion. He says that it is better to learn Greek before Latin, as the 

 latter will bo easily acquired from its being the language of the 

 country ; but bo disapproved of the plan adopted by many of only 

 allowing Greek to be spoken for a long time, since thereby the child 

 acquired the Greek accent and Greek idioms in speaking his own 

 language. Ho recommends a public school in preference to homo 

 education, as the emulation of public schools is sufficient to counter- 

 balance any disadvantage arising from the numb* r of the boys and the 

 consequent inability of the master to give them his undivided atten- 

 tion, as in the case of a single pupil ; and he replies at some length to 

 the objection that public schools are injurious to morals, and maintains 

 that a boy incurs as much danger of having hia morals injured at 

 home as at school. He recommends the master however to study well 

 the disposition of each boy, and he strongly disapproves of corporal 

 punishment At the grammar-school, the pupil is to learn tho art of 

 speaking correctly, and also to study the ancient authors, beginning 

 first with the poet*, and afterwards proceeding to the historians. 

 Before going to the school of the rhetorician, tho puj>il must acquire a 



