RADEMACKER, GERARD. 



RADETZKY BE RADETZ, COUNT JOSEPH. 



to the metropolis, and settled in Bow-street, Covent-Garden, where in 

 less than a year he got into great practice, to which perhaps his plea- 

 santry and ready wit contributed as much as his reputed skill iu his 

 profession. He was now in the high road to wealth and reputation, 

 and he arrived at both, though his success is said to have been due 

 rather to his manners than to his ability. On the other hand we have 

 the testimony of Dr. Mead, that " he was deservedly at the head of his 

 profession, on account of hia great medical penetration and experience." 



In 1686 he was appointed by the Princess Anne her principal 

 physician, and from this time till his death he enjoyed the undisputed 

 favour of the court, during the reigns of William and Anne ; and 

 although he often offended both the king and queen by his freedoms, 

 yet such was the opinion of his medical skill, that he was always sent 

 for in any case of danger. There are few events in his life that require 

 particular notice, and the greater part of his biographers have only 

 given a collection of anecdotes which it would be out of place to 

 repeat here showing at once his wonderful skill in forming a correct 

 prognosis, his rudeness and brutality towards his patients even of the 

 highest rank, and the enormous sums of money which he received as 

 fees. Towards the end of the reign of James, the then celebrated 

 Master of University College, Obadiah Walker, his fellow-collegian, 

 was in vain employed to influence his religious principles. The answer 

 of Radcliffe was firm and dignified : " being bred up a Protestant at 

 Wakefield, and having continued such at Oxford, where he had no 

 relish for absurdities, ho saw no reason to change his principles and 

 turn Papist in London." In 1713 he was elected into parliament for 

 the town of Buckingham, but only two of his speeches have been 

 preserved, and it does not appear that he was at all distinguished as a 

 senator. He was sent for to attend Queen Anne when she lay at the 

 point of death, but, being much indisposed himself, and knowing the 

 case to be desperate, he declined coming, for which he was much 

 blamed at the time, and intimation was given him that the populace 

 in London were disposed to tear him in pieces if he should venture to 

 come to town from his country-house. It is probable that the agitation 

 of his mind concurred with a broken constitution in bringing him to 

 an end two months afterwards, November 1, 1714, at the age of sixty- 

 four. His body lay in state at the house at Carshalton, where he 

 died, till November 27, it was then removed to an undertaker's in the 

 Strand, and thence escorted to his favourite city Oxford, where it was 

 interred with great solemnity in St. Mary's church. 



It only remains to give a brief account of his posthumous benefac- 

 tions, which were indeed most munificent, and which well entitle him 

 to hold an eminent place in the long list of benefactors to the Univer- 

 sity of Oxford. After making a life provision for some of his relations, 

 he bequeathed his whole fortune to public uses. To St. Bartholomew's 

 Hospital in London he gave for ever the yearly sum of 5001. towards 

 mending their diet, and a further yearly sum of 100. for buying of 

 linen. He left 40.000Z. for the building of a library at Oxford, which 

 he endowed with an annual stipend of 150Z. for the librarian (who is 

 chosen by the same electors that appoint the travelling fellows, to be 

 hereafter mentioned) ; 100Z. per annum for repairs, and 100J. per 

 annum for the purchase of books and manuscripts relating to the 

 science of physic; comprehending, as that term was then understood, 

 anatomy, botany, surgery, and natural philosophy. [A description of 

 this building is given under OXFOED in GEOG. Div., vol. iv., col. 31.] 

 To University College he left 5000Z. to build the master's lodge there, 

 making one side of the eastern quadrangle. He also left them his 

 Yorkshire estate in trust for the foundation of the two Travelling 

 Fellowships to be held by " two persons to be chosen out of the Uni- 

 versity of Oxford, when they are M.A., and entered on the Physic 

 line." The electors are, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord 

 Chancellor, the Chancellor of the University, the bishops of London 

 and Winchester, the two principal secretaries of state, the two chief 

 justices of the Queen's Bench and Common Pleas, and the Master of 

 the Rolls. The appointment is 300?. per annum to each of the fellows, 

 and apartments iu University College. They hold their fellowships 

 "for the space of ten years, and no longer, the [first] half of which 

 time, at least, they are to travel in parts beyond sea for their 

 better improvement." He also bequeathed the perpetual advowson 

 of the rectory of Headbourne Worthy, in Hampshire, to trustees for 

 the benefit of University College for ever, so that a member of that 

 society should always be presented to it on every vacancy. He gave 

 to the same college during his life 1100Z. for increasing their exhibi- 

 tions and for general repairs, and the painted window at the east end 

 of their chapel appears from the inscription under it to be his gift. 

 After the payment of .the bequests above mentioned, he gave to his 

 executors, in trust, all his estates in Buckinghamshire, Yorkshire, 

 Northamptonshire, and Surrey, to be applied in such charitable pur- 

 poses as they all, in their discretion, should think best ; but no part 

 thereof to their own use or benefit. Out of these funds were built the 

 Infirmary (1770) and the Observatory (1772) at Oxford, and the Lunatic 

 Asylum on Heddington Hill near that city also received in 1827 so 

 much assistance from the same source, that the committee gave it the 

 name of the ' Radcliffe Asylum ;' and the trustees have ever been 

 found ready to contribute according to their means to every charitable 

 and useful purpose. 



RADEMACKER, GERARD, was born at Amsterdam in 1673. His 

 father, aU architect, much esteemed by Lairesse and other artists, 



instructed him in drawing and perspective, and would have brought 

 him up to his own profession, but perceiving his predilection for 

 painting, he placed him under A. van Goor, a respectable portrait- 

 painter. Gerard applied himself to his studies with unremitting per- 

 severance so long as his master lived ; and at his death, being suffi- 

 ciently advanced to give lessons in design, he was engaged by the 

 Bishop of Sebaste to teach his niece drawing. His agreeable manner 

 gained the favour of the bishop, who, being soon afterwards obliged to 

 go to Rome, invited Rademacker to accompany him ; he spent three 

 years at Rome, where he greatly improved himself. He was fond of 

 representing views of the principal ruins and ancient monuments, 

 which he designed with accuracy and spirit. On his return to Holland 

 his success produced him numerous friends and abundance of employ- 

 ment. He did not however confine himself to architectural subjects, 

 but painted many historical and emblematical pieces. His fertile 

 invention and facility of execution enabled him to paint many pictures 

 in a short time. He is reckoned one of the best masters of the Dutch 

 school for a certain grandeur of style, which had been cultivated by 

 the study of the best models. He died at Amsterdam in 1711. 



RADEMACKER, ABRAHAM, supposed to be a younger brother of 

 GEBABD RADEMACKER, was born at Amsterdam in 1675, and attained 

 a high rank as a landscape-painter. At first he drew in Indian ink, in 

 which style he acquired great perfection. He then practised in water- 

 colours ; and he subsequently painted with equal success in oil-colour. 

 His invention was fertile ; he composed readily and agreeably, and 

 embellished his landscapes with picturesque ruins and buildings, and 

 with well-designed groups of figures and animals. He engraved in a 

 masterly manner a, set of nearly 300 plates, from his own designs, of 

 the most interesting views of ancient monuments in Holland and the 

 Austrian Netherlands ; they were published at Amsterdam in 1731. 

 He died in 1735. 



* RADETZKY DE RADETZ, FIELD - MARSHAL, COUNT 

 JOSEPH, was born at the castle of Trebnice, in the Klattauer 

 district, in Bohemia, on the 2nd of November 1766. He was the son 

 of Count Peter Eusebius Radetzky, and of the Baroness Maria 

 Bechyne. The family name was formerly spelt Hradecky. Having 

 entered the army as cornet, in the 2nd Austrian Cuirassiers, in 1784, 

 he became sub-lieutenant, February 3, 1787. In 1788 he served in 

 the Turkish campaign under Marshal Lacy, and was raised to the 

 rank of first lieutenant for his services at the siege of Belgrade. 

 When the Austrian army entered France in 1793, Radetzky, then a 

 captain, was" sent to the new scene of war; and he was present in all 

 the Italian campaigns from 1795 to 1800, serving alternately under 

 Beaulieu, Wurmser, Alvinzi and Melas, and distinguishing himself 

 greatly at the battles of Arcola, Rivoli, and Marengo. Meanwhile, in 

 1797, he was promoted to the rank of major, and in 1799 he became 

 adjutant-general to Melas, who soon learned to appreciate his zeal 

 and gallantry, and repeatedly mentioned his name in his despatches. 

 For his gallant behaviour at the battles of Novi (May 15, 1799) and 

 Marengo (June 14, 1800), he was created colonel, and appointed to 

 command the Archduke Albert's cuirassiers, and received the order of 

 Maria Theresa. 



From the peace of Luneville in 1801, to 1805, Colonel Radetzky 

 was not employed in the field ; but at the latter period he was made 

 major-general. During the contest at Aspern, May 21-22, 1809, when 

 the place was six times retaken by the Austrians from the French, 

 few officers contributed so much to the victory as Radetzky. On the 

 1st of June he received the command of the 4th corps, with the rank 

 of lieutenant-field-marshal. At the battle of Wagram, July 6, 1S09, 

 he commanded the Austrian cavalry. In April 1810 he was nomi- 

 nated commander of the military order of Maria Theresa. From that 

 period until the end of 1812 his services were employed at home in 

 the war-office. 



During the whole campaign of 1813, when the tide of war had 

 turned against Napoleon I., Lieutenant-Field-Marshal Radetzky acted 

 as chief of the staff to Prince Schwartzenberg ; and the Austrian 

 commander attributed the victory of Kulm mainly to Radetzky's 

 skill and gallantry. But his crowning feat of arms was at the battle 

 of Leipzig, October 18, 1813, the plan of which he drew up. As is 

 well known this decisive action was a succession of battles which 

 lasted three days. The Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia 

 were present, and 1600 pieces of artillery thundered over the field. 

 Although he had then been nearly thirty years in the service, 

 Radetzky received his first wound at Leipzig. Throughout the cam- 

 paign of 1814 within the French territory he was continually in action, 

 and on the 31st of March he entered Paris, riding by the side of the 

 Emperor Alexander. Radetzky was appointed in 1822 Commander- 

 General of the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom ; and in 1830, in his 

 sixty-fourth year, after forty-six years of service, he was created field- 

 marshal. 



But it was the Italian insurrection, iu 1848, which first gave promi- 

 nence to the name of Radetzky. As early as the year 1846, manifest 

 signs of a turbulent spirit were visible in Italy. The stringent rule of 

 the Austrian government had long excited a rancorous feeling against 

 their foreign masters, and the Italians panted for an opportunity to 

 reject the yoke. The reforms of Pope Pius IX., served only to pro- 

 mote the smouldering irritation. Societies were formed to diffuse the 

 secret spirit of revolt throughout the entire peuiusukv. la 18-17, 



