RAMUSIO, GIAMBATTISTA. 



RANGONE. 



held men's minds iu bondage, he was wanting in depth and caution, 

 and his strictures on Aristotle are by no means altogether just He 

 had many followers. The influence of Melanchthon, on the other side, 

 did not prevent the progress of his system of logic iu the German 

 universities. France, England, and particularly Scotland, were full 

 of liamibts. Andrew Melville introduced the logic of Ramus at 

 Glasgow. 



The following is a list of the principal works of Ramus : 1, 'Insti- 

 tutioues Dialecticae Tribus Libris diatinctae;' 2, ' Animadversiones in 

 Dialecticarn Aristotelis;' 3, ' Rhetoricse Distinctiones iu Quintilianum ;' 

 4, 'Arithmetical) Libri Tres;' 5, 'In Quatuor Libros Georgicorum et 

 in Bucolica Virgili Praelectiones;' 6, ' Ciceronianus ' (a life of Cicero, 

 interspersed with many philological remarks on the Latin language, 

 and strictures on the state of education in France) ; 7, ' Scholae Gram- 

 maticse Libri Duo;' 8, 'Grammatica Latins;' 9, ' Grammatica Graeca 

 quatenus a Latina differet;' 10, ' Gramere Fransoeze;' 11, ' Liber de 

 Moribus Veterum Gallorum;' 12, 'Liber de Militia Julii Caeaaris;' 

 13, ' Commentarius de Religione Christiana, Libri Quatuor; ' 14, 'Prse- 

 fationes, Epistolae, Orationes' (Paris, 1599, and Marburg, 1599). The 

 Greek grammar of Ramus received considerable additions from 

 Sylburgius. For a complete list of the works of Ramus the reader is 

 referred to Niceron (' Me"rn.,' torn. xiii.). 



RAMU'SIO, GIAMBATTISTA, was born at Treviso in the Venetian 

 State, in 1485, of a family originally from Rimini, which produced 

 several men of learning. He filled several offices under the republic, 

 aud became secretary to the Council of Ten. Having undertaken a 

 collection of the most important narratives of voyages aud travels 

 performed in distant countries both in ancient and modern times, he 

 translated into Italian those that had been written in other languages, 

 and added his own remarks and several dissertations, wbich show that 

 he possessed very extensive general information for the age in which 

 he lived. He was a friend of Beuibo, Fracastoro, and other learned 

 contemporaries. His work is entitled ' Raccolta di Navigazioni e 

 Viaggi,' 3 vols>. fol. The first volume was printed by Giunti at Venice 

 in 1550, another volume appeared in 1556, and a third in 1559, after 

 Ramusio's death, which took place at Padua in July 1557. Subse- 

 quent editions appeared with the addition of several travels which had 

 not appeared in the first. The most complete edition is that of 1606. 

 The following list of contents will convey an idea of the value of the 

 work : 



Vol. L : " Leo Africanus's Description of Africa ; Cadamosto, a 

 Venetian navigator, preceded by a Discourse by Ramusio ; Sintra, a 

 Portuguese narrative ; Hanno's Periplus ; Navigation from Lisbon to 

 St. Thome", by a Portuguese pilot; Ramusio, a Discourse on the Navi- 

 gation of the Portuguese to the East Indies ; Voyage of Vasco de Gama 

 in 1497, written by a Florentine ; Pedro Cabral Alvarez, voyage from 

 Lisbon to Calicut in 1500, written by a Portuguese pilot; Amerigo 

 Vespucci, two letters to Pietro Soderini ; a Summary of Vespucci's 

 Voyages ; Thomas Lopez, a Portuguese, Voyage to the East Indies ; 

 Giovanni da Empoli, a Florentine, Journey to India; Ludovico 

 1 'arthema of Bologna, Itinerary, preceded by a Discourse by Ramusio ; 

 lambolus, Voyage extracted from Diodorus, with a Discourse by 

 Ramusio ; Andrea Corsali, a Florentine, Two Letters to Julian and 

 Lorenzo de' Medici ; Alvarez, Travels to Ethiopia, with the submission 

 of Prester John to Pope Clement VII. ; Raumsio, Discourse on the 

 Rise of the Nile, with a reply by Fracaatoro ; the Voyage of Nearchus 

 translated from Arrian's text ; Journey of a Venetian from Alexandria 

 to Diu in India in 1538 ; Arrian's Navigation from the Red Sea to 

 India ; Barbosa, a book of travels to the East Indies ; a brief account 

 of Kingdoms and towns between the Red Sea and China, translated 

 from the Portuguese ; Antonio Conti, a Venetian, Journey to India, 

 written by Poggio Bracciolini ; Jeronimo da San Stefano, a Genoese, 

 his letter written from Tripoli in 1499; Ramusio, Discourse on the 

 Voyage round the World by the Spaniards ; Maximilian of Transyl- 

 vania, Epistle concerning the Navigation of the Spaniards ; a short 

 account of the Voyage of Magalhaena; Pigafetta, Voyage round the 

 World ; the Navigation of a Portuguese who accompanied Edward 

 Barbosa in 1519 ; Ramusio, a Discourse concerning the Voyages to the 

 Spice Countries; Juan Gaetan, a Castilian pilot, Discovery of the 

 Moluccas; Information concerning Japan, by the Portuguese Jesuits; 

 Joao de Barros, Chapters extracted from his History." 



Vol. ii. contains " Marco Polo's Travels, with a preface by Ramusio ; 

 Hay ton, an Armenian, Discourse on the origin of the Great Khan and 

 the condition of the Tartars; Angiolelli, Life and Actions of Hussau 

 Cassan ; the Travels of a Merchant into Persia in the years 1517-20 ; 

 Giosafat Barbaro, a Venetian, Journey to the Tana (the river Tanais) 

 aud into Persia ; Ambrosio Contarini, Journey into Persia ; Alberto 

 Campense, Letters to Clement VII. concerning the affairs of Muscovy; 

 Paul Giovio, Reports on the affairs of Muscovy, by him collected ; 

 Herbesteiu, Commentaries on Muscovy and Russia ; Arriau's Letter to 

 Hadrian concerning th Euxine ; Interiano, a Genoese, on the Habits 

 and Ulanncrs of the Zythi, called Circassians ; Hippocrates, extract of 

 his Treatise on Air and Water, in which he speaks of the Scythians ; 

 Piero Quirino, a Venetian, account of his Voyage and Shipwreck ; 

 Sebastian Cabota, Navigation in the Northern Seas ; Catermo Zeno, a 

 Venetian, Travels to Persia ; Nicolo and Antonio Zeno on the Dis- 

 covery of Iceland ; Travels into Tartary by some Dominican Monks ; 

 Olderico da Udine, Two Journeys into Tartary; Guagnini, a Venetian, 



Description of European Sarmatia; Matthew Micheow of Cracow, 

 Description of the Two Sarmatias." 



Vol ill : " Pietro Martire of Angleria, extract from his History of 

 the New World ; Oviedo, extract from his History of the West Indies ; 

 Herman Cortez, Narrative of his Conquest of Mexico ; Pedro de Alva- 

 rado, two letters to Herman Cortez ; Diego Godoy, a letter from New 

 Spain; Narrative of one of Cortez's companions concerning Mexico, 

 with two maps, one of the Great Temple, and another of the Lake ; 

 Alvaro Nunez, Narrative of the Indies and of New Galicia in 1527-36; 

 Guzman on the Conquest of New Spain ; Francisco Ulloa, Voyage in 

 the Mar Vermejo, or Sea of California ; Vasquez de Coronado, Narra- 

 tive of a Journey to Cevole, or the Kingdom of the Seven Cities ; 

 Alarcon, Voyage to discover the Kingdom of the Seven Cities in 

 1540; Ramusio, Discourse on the Conquest of Peru; Narrative of a 

 Spanish Captain concerning the Conquest of Peru ; Francisco Xeres, 

 Narrative of the Conquest of Peru and New Castile ; Narrative of a 

 Secretary of Francisco Pizarro concerning the Conquest of Peru ; 

 Gonzalo de Oviedo, Navigation of the river Maranon ; Ramusio, Dis- 

 course concerning New France ; Giovanni da Verazzano, a Florentine, 

 Narrative written from Dieppe, in July 1524 ; Discourse of a great 

 Naval Captain concerning the Navigation of the West Indies ; Jacques 

 Cartier, First and Second Narrative of Voyages to New France ; Cesare 

 de Federici, Voyage to the East Indies and beyond India; Three 

 Voyages of Hollanders and Zealanders to China, New Zembla, and 

 Greenland." 



Among the above series are several curious narratives which are not 

 found in any other collection. Ramusio left materials for a fourth 

 volume, which unfortunately were destroyed in a fire which broke 

 out in the printing-press of Giunti, in November 1557. 



RANDOLPH, THOMAS, an English poet, was bom in 1605, at 

 Badby in Northamptonshire. He was educated at Westminster 

 School, and thence elected scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, in 

 the yeav 1623 ; was afterwards made Fellow on the same foundation, 

 and was admitted to an ad eundem degree at Oxford in 1631. After 

 some stay at Cambridge he came to London, where he was much 

 noticed by Ben Jouson, who called him ' son.' He became intimate 

 also with many of the other wits of that day. The promise of his 

 youth was marred by a career of dissipation and extravagance, which 

 shortened his life prematurely. Ho died while on a visit to a friend 

 at Blatherwick in Northamptonshire, where he was buried, on the 

 17th of March 1634-35, and his memory honoured by a monument 

 erected by Sir Christopher (afterwards Lord) Hatton of Kirby. 



Randolph's ' Poem?, Translations, and Plays,' were published in 

 London, 4to, 1634 ; and his ' Poems, with the Muses' Looking-Glass 

 and Amyntas,' at Oxford, 4to, 1638. There have been several other 

 editions published since, both in London and at Oxford. His plays 

 are ' Aristippus,' and ' The Conceited Pedlar,' published together in 

 1630, 4to; 'Jealous Lovers,' 4to, 1632; 'The Muses' Looking-Glasa,' 

 4to, Loud., 1638 ; ' Amyntas,' Oxford, 1638; 'Hey for Honesty, Down 

 with Knavery,' a comedy, ' The Prodigal Scholar,' a comedy, aud ' The 

 Dolium Cornelianum,' a Lathi play iu the style of Plautus, have been 

 attributed to him. 



Randolph's writiugs are the production of a mind well imbued with 

 classical literature, and he has in many passages not unskilfluly inter- 

 woven the language and imagery of the best authors of antiquity. He 

 wrote Latin verse with ease and fluency, and translated from Claudiau 

 with considerable elegance ; but his English compositions are not free 

 from the faults imputed to most of his contemporaries, and are often 

 disfigured by licentiousness, obscurity, and strained conceits, exhibiting 

 more learning and ingenuity than good taste. They consist of addresses 

 to different friends, epigrams, translations, and amatory pieces. His 

 dramas present few attractions to modern readers. The characters 

 are either mere impersonations of virtues and vices, or feeble and 

 pedantic travesties from Greek and Roman comedy. The plots are 

 perplexed and devoid of interest, and the dialogue seldom rises above 

 mediocrity. The most popular of his plays is the ' Muses' Looking- 

 Glass,' which was re-acted in the last century. 



RANGABE, A. R. [Rizo RANGABE.] 



RAN'GONE, a noble family of Modeua, which became illustrious in 

 the middle ages, not only for the part which it took in the political 

 and military vicissitudes of Italy, but more particularly for the 

 patronage which it gave to learning and to tho learned. Count Nicol6 

 Rangone, who lived in the latter part of the 15th century, was the 

 father of eight sous and two daughters, whom he caused to be 

 instructed with great care, and all of whom became distinguished for 

 their love of science and literature. The learned Visdomini, who was 

 preceptor to several of them, has left an interesting memorial of the 

 care bestowed on their education in his dialogues entitled ' Antonii 

 Mariae Visdomini de Ocio et Sybilis.' One of his pupils, Count Guido 

 Rangone, figured as a distinguished general in the Venetian service, 

 and afterwards in the service of King Francis I. Filelfo, in his book 

 ' De Optima Hominum Felicitate,' which he addressed to Count Guido, 

 (.'numerates the feats he had performed in his military career, and 

 praises him likewise for the liberal encouragement which he afforded 

 to the learned. Bernardo Tasso, father of the great poet, was for a 

 long time secretary to Count Guido. Guido died at Venice in 1537. 

 His brother, Cardinal Krcole Rangone, who died young during the 

 pillage of Rome iu 1527, is likewise extolled for his love of learn iug 



