RENAUDOT, EUSEBIUS. 



RENNELL, JAMES. 



au eye, and being the only sou of a widow, exempted him from the 

 ordinary conscription, but in 1814, when the allied armies entered 

 France, there was a danger of his being called upon, but Napoleon I., 

 through the intercession of M. Silvestre do Sacy and the Due de 

 Feltre, granted him a special exemption on account of his learned 

 labours. In 1818 he succeeded M. Visconti as editor of the 'Journal 

 des Savants;' and in 1824 he was appointed keeper of the oriental 

 manuscripts in the royal library. His known adherence to the party 

 of Charles X. occasioned a probability of his being displaced when that 

 monarch was dispossessed, but in acknowledgment of his peculiar 

 fitness he was allowed to retain his offices. He died on June 3, 1832. 

 His principal works are a translation from the Chinese of a ' Livre des 

 Recompenses et des Peines,' 1817; 'Recherches sur les Langues Tar- 

 tares,' 1820, in which he has given the best view hitherto presented of 

 tho Mauchow, Mongol, Oujein, and Thibetian languages ; ' laments de 

 la Grammaire Chiuois,' 1722; ' Mdlauges Asiatique,' 1825, continued in 

 1829 as ' Nouvelles Melanges Asiatiques;' these contain many of the 

 papers which had previously appeared in the ' Journal Asiatique,' 

 'Journal des Savants,' 'Mines de 1'Orient,' ' La Biographie Uuiverselle,' 

 &c. The novel of ' Yu-Tiao-li, ou les keux Cousines,' and ' Contes 

 Chinois,' 1827; and a posthumous work, ' Fou-kou-ki, ou Relation 

 des Royaumes Bouddhiques, traduit du Chiuois et commente, revu 

 par Klaproth et Landresse,' 1836, besides numerous detached papers 

 in various periodical works, some of which were afterwards published 

 separately. He was also member of various learned societies, among 

 them the Asiatic Societies of London and Calcutta. His life has been 

 written by M. Silvestre de Sacy. 



RENAUDOT, EUSE'BIUS, was born at Paris in 1646. His father 

 was first physician to the dauphin of France (afterwards Louis XIV.). 

 Reuaudot was educated at the Jesuits' college, and entered the congre- 

 gation of the Oratoire, though he did not remain long in it. From 

 his early youth he was particularly inclined to the study of the Arabic, 

 Syriac, and Coptic languages, by means of which he was afterwards 

 enabled to enter so deeply into the origin and history of the Eastern 

 church. He became well known at court, where his vast learning 

 made him much esteemed and admired, and Colbert being then desirous 

 of establishing printing-presses for the Oriental languages at Paris, 

 consulted him upon the subject, engaged his services, and offered him 

 the reversion of a place in the Royal Library; but that minister having 

 died before his views could be realised, Renaudot was not appointed 

 to the vacant office. He seems however to have been employed by 

 the king in various negociations with the governments of England and 

 Spain, his time being so much taken up by these occupations, that, 

 while they lasted, he almost entirely discontinued his favourite studies. 

 In 1689. he was made a member of the French Academy, and, three 

 years after, of that of the 'Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.' In 1700 he 

 accompanied to Rome Cardinal de Noailles, archbishop of Paris, and 

 acted as his ' conclavista ' in the conclave which elected Clement XI. 

 to the papal dignity. While at Rome, Renaudot resumed his favourite 

 studies, and the library of the Vatican furnished him with ample 

 materials for the history of the Eastern church a subject which he 

 had long in mind, and to which he now devoted his whole attention. 

 In this design he was assisted by tho new pope, who persuaded him 

 to remain in Rome several months after the departure of Cardinal de 

 Noailles, and gave him the priory of Frossey in Bretagne. On his 

 return to France, Renaudot devoted himself entirely to letters, and 

 composed a great number of learned dissertations, which are printed 

 in the ' Memoirs ' of the Academy. He died in 1720, at the age of 

 seventy-four, greatly regretted by the learned men of his time. His 

 fine and extensive collection of Oriental manuscripts he bequeathed 

 to the abbey of St. Germain des Pres. They remained there until the 

 Revolution, when they were incorporated with the Oriental collection 

 in the Royal Library. Reuaudot wrote the following works:!, A 

 collection of controversial pieces on the celebrated work by Nicole, 

 entitled ' Ddfense de la Perpetuitd de la Foi contre les Monuments 

 autheutiques de la Religion des Grecs,' Paris, 8vo, 170S ; 2, 'Historia 

 Patriarcharuna Alexandrinorum Jacobitarum,' &c., Paris, 4to, 1713; 

 3, ' Liturgiarum Orientalium Collectio,' Paris, 2 vols. 4to, 1716 ; 4, 

 1 Ancient Account of India and China,' written by two Mohammedan 

 travellers of the 9th century, translated from the Arabic, Paris, 8vo, 

 1718. This has subsequently been found to be only a translation of 

 part of a geographical and historical work, entitled ' Muruju-dh- 

 dhahab wa Mddanu-jauhar ' (' Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems '), 

 by the celelebrated Masudi, an Arabian writer of the 10th century. 

 5, ' Gennadii Patriarchs Coustantinopolitani Horniliso de Eucharistia,' 

 together with other Latin treatises on the same subject, Paris, 4to, 

 1703. 



RENE OF ANJOU, born in 1409, was the son of Louis II., duke 

 of Anjou and couut of Provence. In 1434 he succeeded his brother, 

 Louis III. Before this time, Rend had married Isabella of Lorraine. 

 After the death of Queen Joanna II. in 1435, Rdud laid claim to the 

 kingdom of Sicily and Naples, but he had a powerful rival in Alfonso 

 of Aragon. [ALFONSO V. ; JOAN II.] Rdnd was then a prisoner of 

 the Duke of Burgundy, who opposed his succeeding to the inheritance 

 of Lorraine, which he also claimed after the death of the duke, his 

 father-in-law. He sent however his wife Isabella to Naples with her 

 younger son Louis. She was received with acclamations by the old 

 and numerous partisans of the house of Anjou. Alfonso of Aragon 



was then a prisoner in the hands of Filippo Maria Visconti, duke of 

 Milan, but soon after having recovered his freedom he repaired to 

 South Italy to dispute the crown of Naples with his rival. In 1438 

 Rdnd proceeded to Naples, fcnd a desultory warfare was carried on 

 for three years in the Abruz/o and other provinces of the kingdom. 

 The death of the Coudottiere Caldora, Rend's best officer, decided the 

 struggle in favour of Alfonso, who laid siege to Naples, and took it in 

 1442. Rdnd escaped on board a Genoese vessel to Provence. He was 

 the last of the dynasty of Anjou who sat on the throne of Naples. 

 In 1445 Rdnd gave his daughter Margaret in marriage to Henry VI. 

 of England, on which occasion he obtained the restoration of his 

 territories of Anjou and Maine, which were in the possession of tho 

 English. Rdud now resided sometimes at Angers and occasionally at 

 Aix in Provence, occupying himself with the administration of his 

 territories, and also with the arts of painting, poetry, and agriculture. 

 He wrote several works both in prose and verse, among others one on 

 tournaments, the manuscript of which, enriched with drawing.?, is 

 preserved in the National Library at Paris. In 1449-50 Rdne attended 

 Charles VII. of France in his successful war against the English, after 

 which he returned to his dominions to pursue his favourite occupations. 

 His eldest son John attempted to take Naples from Ferdinand of 

 Aragou, who had succeeded Alfonso, but his enterprise failed. In 

 1473 Louis XI. of France seized Anjou under some pretence, and 

 Rend retired to Aix in Provence, where he died in 1480, regretted by 

 his subjects, among whom he has retained the enviable appellation of 

 ' le bon Roi Rdnd,' for he continued to style himself King of Sicily 

 and Jerusalem. He introduced several useful trees and plants mto 

 Provence, among others the muscadel grape, and encouraged manu- 

 factures of woollens and glass. A ' Prdcis Historique ' of his life was 

 published by Boisson de la Salle (Aix, 1820), and a marble statue was 

 raised to his memory in one of the squares of Aix in 1823. Rdnd's 

 sons having died before him, he was the last representative of the 

 house of Aujou, and after his death Provence was united to France. 

 Bargemont, vicomte de Villeneuve, published a 'Histoire de Rdnd 

 d'Anjou, Roi de Naples, Due de Lorraine, et Comte de Provence,' 

 Paris, 1825. 



RENNELL, JAMES, born near Chudleigh in Devonshire in 1782, 

 entered the navy at an early age as a midshipman. His father was a 

 captain in the artillery. Young Rennell went with Admiral Parker 

 to India, and rendered some effectual service at the siege of Pondicherry. 

 At the age of twenty-four he quitted the navy, and entered the corps 

 of engineers in the service of the East India Company. He distin- 

 guished himself in the campaigns of Lord Clive, received some severe 

 wounds, and was promoted to a majority. It was during this period 

 that he produced his first work, ' A Chart of the Bank and Currents of 

 Cape Agulhas,' the most southern point of Africa. While he was 

 stationed in Southern Africa, he surveyed Adam's Bridge and the 

 Paumbeen Passage between the island of Ramisseram and the continent, 

 and he expressed his conviction of the practicability of widening the 

 passage for ships. This suggestion has been lately acted upon, after 

 a lapse of seventy years. While he held the appointment of surveyor- 

 general of Bengal he published his ' Bengal Atlas,' with an account of 

 the Gauges and the Brahmapootra, in which he conjectured that the 

 Sampoo of Tibet was the main feeder of the latter river. On his 

 return to England in 1782 Major Reunell published a Map of Hin- 

 dustan, accompanied by a 'Memoir,' 4to, 1788. He was also elected 

 member of the Royal Society, and became ultimate with Dr. Vincent, 

 Sir William Jones, Dr. Horsley, bishop of St. Asaph, and other learned 

 men of his time. In 1793 he published 'Marches of the British Army 

 in the Peninsula of India during the Campaigns of 1791.' He also 

 published ' Memoir of a Map of the Peninsula of India, exhibiting its 

 Natural and Political Divisions, the latter conformably to the Treaty 

 of Seringapatam of March 1792;' and also 'Elucidations of African 

 Geography, from the Communications of Major Houghton and Mr. 

 Magra in 1791, with a Map.' In 1794 Major Reunell published a 

 political pamphlet, entitled ' War with France the only Security of 

 Great Britain at the present Momentous Crisis, by an Old Englishman.' 

 The French Convention had already placed themselves out of the pale 

 of international law by their resolutions of the 19th of November 

 1792, in which they offered their aid to any people in any country of 

 Europe who wished to overthrow the existing government. In 1798 

 he assisted Mungo Park in the arrangement of his African travels, and 

 illustrated his work by a map and a memoir in the appendix. His 

 next work, and that by which he is most generally known, was ' The 

 Geographical System of Herodotus examined and explained,' 4to, 1800. 

 He also wrote : 1, ' Observations on the Topography of the Plain of 

 Troy;' 2, 'A Treatise on the Comparative Geography of Western 

 Asia,' with an Atlas, a work of great labour and research ; 3, ' Illus- 

 trations, chiefly Geographical, of the History of the Expedition of the 

 younger Cyrus from Sardis to Babylon, and the Retreat of the Ten 

 Thousand ;' 4, ' An Investigation of the Currents of the Atlantic Ocean, 

 and of those which prevail between the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic.' 

 For this important work he examined and collated the log-books of 

 all the ships of war and Indiamen which had traversed those seas 

 during the last thirty or forty years, recomputing their observations 

 and reducing them to one general system. The results of all this 

 prodigious labour were ready for the press at the time of his death, 

 and were shortly afterwards published by his daughter, Lady Rodd, 



