159 



ROSE, HEINRICH. 



ROSELLINI, IPPOLITO. 



Roscommon wrote the following works: 1, 'An Essay on translated 

 Verse,' London, 4to, 1680; 2, 'Prologues and Epilogues to Plays,' 

 &c., collected, 8vo, 1684; 3, 'Horace's 'Art of Poetry,' translated 

 into English blank verse, 4to, 1680; 4, 'Dr. Wm. Sherlock's case of 

 Resistance of Supreme Powers,' translated into French, 8vo. A short 

 time before his death, Roscommon, among other literary projects 

 formed the plan of a society for refining the English language 

 and fixing its standard, and he is said to have been assisted in the 

 design by John Dryden. 



*ROSE, HEINRICH, was born at Berlin in 1795. Both his grand- 

 father and father had possessed considerable reputation as chemists, 

 and Heinrich followed tue hereditary course. He learnt pharmacy in 

 Danzig, studied in the University of Berlin, and in 1819 at Stockholm 

 under Berzelius. After a short residence at Kiel, he graduated at Berlin, 

 where in 1823 he was made professor extraordinary of chemistry in 

 the university, and in 1835 professor in ordinary. He is one of the 

 most distinguished scholars of Berzelius, and as a practical analyst, 

 particularly in the department of inorganic chemistry, holds a high 

 rank. The results of many of his exact and acute investigations are 

 recorded in Pozzendorfs ' Annalen,' and have greatly contributed to 

 the extension of real knowledge in that department of science, while 

 he has carefully avoided everything of a disputatious character, and 

 rests his opinions entirely upon experiment. His great work, ' Hand- 

 buch der analytischen Chimie,' first published in 1829-31, has gone 

 through several editions. It has been translated into French as well 

 as into English, and enjoys an European fame. 



* ROSE, GUSTAV, his brother, was born, also in Berlin, in 1798. He 

 directed his attention more especially to mineralogy, and in 1816 was 

 sent to Silesia to pursue his studies practically in the mines, but on 

 account of ill-health retuijped to the theoretical study. In 1 820 he gradu- 

 ated at Berlin, and in 1 82 1 placed himself under Berzelius at Stockholm. 

 In the same year he was created keeper of the mineral collection in 

 the university of Berlin, in 1825 professor extraordinary, and in 1839 

 professor, of mineralogy. Besides numerous essays in the ' Annalen,' 

 he has published ' Elemente der Krystallographie,' 1846 ; the minera- 

 logical and geognostic portion of the ' Journey to the Ural and Altai 

 Mountains and to the Caspian Sea,' made by him in 1829 with Alex, 

 von Humboldt and Ehrenberg ; a treatise, ' Ueber das Krystallisations- 

 Bystem des Quarzes,' 1846; 'Ueber die Krystallformen der rhoruboe- 

 drischen Metalle, namentlich des Wismuths,' 1850; and 'Das Krystall- 

 echemische Mineralsystero,' 1852 ; all of them illustrated with plates. 



ROSELLI, CGSIMO, a celebrated old Florentine painter, was born 

 at Florence, according to Gaye, in 1439. There are few of his works 

 remaining; the principal is the fresco in the convent of Sant' 

 Ambrogio, at Florence, painted in 1456, according to an inscription 

 upon it by Rumohr, when Cosimo cannot have been more than 

 eighteen years of age, according to the above date : Vasari however 

 says it was painted in his youth. And Rumohr observes that Cosimo, 

 in the commencement of his career, followed the path which was 

 opened by Angelico da Fiesole and Masaccio ; but that after a few 

 brilliant examples of his ability, he left the approximation of the 

 representation of things as they really appear, to follow an uninterest- 

 ing, inanimate, and ugly manner.. The fresco represents the trans- 

 portation of a miracle-working chalice from, the church of Sant' 

 Ambrogio to the episcopal palace ; the abbess and nuns follow in the 

 procession, and at the palace-gate is a group of priests and choristf-rs 

 ready to receive it : around is a crowd of curious spectators. The 

 story is told, and the picture described, in Richa's ' Chiese di Firenze.' 

 The picture has been engraved by Lasinio for his series of old 

 Florentine paintings, and a group from it in Lastri's ' Etruria Pittrice.' 



Cosimo waa one of the painters invited by Pope Sixtus IV. to 

 Rome to paint the Cappella Sistina, built in 1473, by Baccio Pintelli, 

 for that pope. Cosimo's paintings in this chapel are still in good 

 preservation; they are the Destruction of Pharaoh's Host in the 

 Red Sea, in which the Israelites are also represented returning thanks 

 for their deliverance; Moses receiving the Tables of the Law while 

 the Israelites are worshipping the golden Calf; the Sermon on the 

 Mount and the Healing of the Leper ; and the Last Supper. The 

 landscape of the third picture was painted by Cosimo's pupil, the 

 eccentric Piero di Cosimo, afterwards the master of Andrea del Sarto. 

 These works were painted for a prize in competition with others in 

 the same chapel by Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandajo, Don 

 Bartolomeo, Luca da Cortona, and Pietro Perugino. Cosimo was 

 very anxious to get the prize, but he doubted his ability, at the 

 same time that he had little faith in the pope's judgment ; he there- 

 fore, knowing his weakness in composition and design, painted his 

 picture very high in colour, and used plenty of ultramarine and gold, 

 counting upon attracting the pope's fancy by his gaudy display. 

 When the pictures were all uncovered, his fellow painters laughed 

 at Cosimo for his puerilities. Cosimo however proved himself a good 

 man of the world, if not a good painter; his gay works fixed the 

 pope's attention and he obtained the prize ; the other painters were 

 censured by his holiness for not using finer colours, and they were 

 obliged to retouch them and heighten their effect in the same 

 manner, to the great triumph of Cosimo, whose works however were 

 in reality inferior to all the others. 



Cosimo Roselli was still living in 1506: Vasari says he was sixty- 

 eight years old when he died ; if therefore he were born in 1439, 



1507 may have been the year of his death. He was the master of Fra 

 Bartolomeo. 



(Vasari, Vile de Pittori, &c., ed. Schorn; Rumohr, Italienische 

 Fortchungen ; Platner und Bunsen, Beschreibung der Sladt Rom,, 

 vol. ii., pt. 1 ; Gaye, Carteggio inedito d'Artisti, vol. ii., ap. L) 



ROSELLI'NI, IPPO'LITO, Cavaliere, was born August 13, 1800, 

 at Pisa. His father was a merchant, and Rosellini himself was designed 

 for his father's business ; but he acquired such a love of the study of 

 antiquities from his first tutor, Padre Battini, a Servitant monk of St. 

 Antonio, who was a tolerable numismatist, that he commenced at an 

 early age to give himself up to those studies for which he afterwards 

 distinguished himself, and the mercantile career was wholly abandoned. 

 In 1821 he finished his university studies in Pisa, and took the degree 

 of Doctor of Theology. He afterwards studied the Oriental languages 

 for three years with the celebrated Mezzofante at Bologna; and in 

 1824 he was appointed professor of Oriental languages in the Univer- 

 sity of Pisa. In 1825 he appears to have devoted himself with much 

 zeal to the study of Egyptian hieroglyphics, following the steps of 

 Champollion, of whose discoveries he was .an ardent advocate. When 

 Champollion, in 1826, for the further development of his system, 

 examined the Egyptian monuments in Rome, Naples, and Turin, 

 Rosellini, by the permission of the Tuscan government, attended him 

 in his researches ; and he accompanied him to Paris, and there spent 

 the autumn of that year in similar researches : he published also in 

 that year an explanation of an Egyptian monument in the gallery 

 degl' Uffizj at Florence. 



In the autumn of 1827 the Grand Duke Leopoldo II. granted 

 Rosellini a year and a half leave of absence, with funds for himself 

 and six companions, to carry out his design of personally exploring 

 the monuments of Egypt. After a considerable delay in Paris the 

 French government of Charles X. determined upon sending Charn- 

 pollion with five companions upon a similar expedition at the same 

 time, and they all embarked together at Toulon, July 31, 1828, and 

 landed on the 18th of August following in Egypt, where they re- 

 mained fifteen months, exploring all the the principal monuments of 

 Egypt and Nubia. 



Rosellini arrived at Pisa January 6, 1830, and commenced imme- 

 diately a course of lectures on the Egyptian hieroglyphics, the sub- 

 stance of which is in the ' Elementa Linguae ^Egyptiacso ' of Padre 

 Ungarelli, published at Rome, in 1837. Rosellini had himself made 

 his principles known in a letter to M. Peyron, in 1831. The great 

 results of the expedition however were to appear in a joint production 

 by Champollion and Rosellini; the former undertaking to explain 

 all the historical monuments, and Rosellini the civil and religious. 

 This design was however rendered impossible by the death of Cham- 

 pollion, which took place March 5, 1832, and Rosellini expressed his 

 sincere regret and disappointment in a eulogium on his departed 

 friend, which he published under the following title: ' Tributo di 

 ricouoscenza ed amore alia memoria di Champollion.' Rosellini was 

 thus compelled to undertake the whole work himself, which was his 

 original design, and the prospectus explaining the plan of the work 

 had already appeared in January, 1831. Accordingly in November, 

 1832, appeared the first volume of ' I Monument! dell' Egitto e della 

 Nubia,' by Rosellini alone, explaining the historical monuments ; the 

 second appeared in 1833 ; and by 1836 three more, explaining civil 

 monuments, were published ; but between the publication of the fifth 

 and sixth volumes a long interval incurred, partly through Rosellini's 

 appointment as librarian of the University of Pisa, but chiefly through 

 a serious illness with which he waa afflicted in the chest, and which 

 incapacitated him for nearly two years. At the same time, with the 

 above volumes of letter-press, appeared two large folios of illustra- 

 tions, the historical monuments were completed in 1832, and the civil 

 in 1834. The description of the historical monuments was completed 

 in 1838-41, in. two volumes, the third being divided into two parts, 

 making in all four volumes in five on the historical, and three on the 

 civil monuments, and these were all that were published during 

 Rosellini's lifetime. The remaining part were the religious monu- 

 ments of the Egyptians, which he was occupied upon until the period 

 of his death, and though he did not live to see the publication, he 

 completed the manuscript of this part. 



In 1839 he gave up the professorship of Oriental languages and 

 commenced a series of archaeological lectures; but in 1841 these 

 labours were remitted him on account of his extremely bad health, 

 and in order that he might bestow what time he could devote to study 

 to the completion of his great work on Egypt. On the 16th of May, 

 1843, however, his case was found hopeless, and he died on the 4th of 

 June following, in his forty-third year. The third part of the work 

 was published in 1844, uuder the direction of the professors Bonaiui 

 and Ssveri, in one volume of illustrations and one volume of text. 



This great work on Egypt may be thus briefly described : its title 

 is ' I Monumenti dell' Egitto e della Nubia disegnati della Spedizione 

 Scientifico-Letteraria Toscana in Egitto, distribuiti in Ordine di 

 Materie, interpretati ed illustrati del Dottore Ippolito Rosellini ' The 

 Monuments of Egypt and of Nubia drawn by the Tuscan Literary 

 and Scientific Expedition in Egypt, arranged according to their 

 Subjects, and explained and illustrated by Dr. Ippolito Roselliui. It 

 is in three parts, each of which is in one large folio volume with 

 illustrative letter-press in octavo. The first volume, Tavole, M. Ii., 



