STANLEY, REV. AHTHUR PENRHYN. 



STANLEY, THOMAS. 



G72 



the population of bis pumh which amounted to about 1300; and, 

 besides performing his purely clerical duties, ho did everything in his 

 power, by encouraging schools and the like, to promote the intellectual 

 and secular welfare of his parishioners. For the use of the young in 

 his parish he prepared " A series of Questions on the Bible " which 

 was published in 1815. Inheriting Whig principles from his family, 

 he was noted at this time for great liberality and toleration in his 

 ecclesiastical opinions ; though the zeal and the warm-heartednesa of 

 his Christianity were unquestioned. It was perhaps his slight interest 

 in matters of purely theological controversy that inclined him at this 

 time to the quiet pursuit of natural history. Using the opportunities 

 afforded him by his position as the clergyman of a rural parish, he 

 gratified hia tastes in this direction by becoming acquainted with the 

 geology, the mineralogy, the botany, the entomology, and the orni- 

 thology of his parish. lie became a contributor on topics of natural 

 history, and on kindred topics, to 'Blackwood's Magazine' and to 

 the ' British Magazine ; ' and one of his articles in ' Black wood,' 

 entitled ' An Adventure on the Alps in the Mauvais Pas ' is supposed 

 to have suggested to Scott the opening scene in his ' Anne of Geier- 

 stoin.' The department of natural history which he principally cul- 

 tivated was ornithology; and in 1835 he published under the auspices 

 of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, his well-known 

 work in two volumes entitled 'A Familiar History of Birds, their 

 Nature, Habits, and Instincts.' He had already lectured on subjects 

 of natural history to one or two Mechanics' Institutions in the north of 

 England, and in 1836 he was Vice-President of the British Association. 

 He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society and President of the 

 Ldnusean Society. 



Though never obtruding his politics on his parishioners, he had taken 

 part on the liberal side on some of the questions of the day relating 

 to the Church. In 1829 he had published 'A few words in favour of 

 our Roman Catholic Brethren,' advocating Roman Catholic Emanci- 

 pation. In 1835 he published ' A Few Notes on Religion and Educa- 

 tion in Ireland.' The spirit shown in these pamphlets, taken along 

 with his excellent character, and his family-connections, recommended 

 him to the Whig government as a suitable man for a vacant bishopric ; 

 and accordingly, on the vacation of the see of Norwich by the death of 

 Bishop Bathurst in 1837, Lord Melbourne offered the bishopric to Dr. 

 Stanley. It was with much reluctance that he quitted the parish 

 where he had laboured so long to accept this preferment ; with which 

 was conjoined the appointment of Clerk of the Closet of the Chapel 

 Royal. Having accepted the office, however, he set himself with great 

 zeal and punctuality to its duties. Seldom has there been a more 

 hardworking bishop, or one more sanguine in all schemes of improve- 

 ment. He abandoned his pursuit of natural history and devoted 

 himself exclusively to diocesan business. As the previous bishop had 

 lived to the age of ninety-three, there were necessarily great abuses in 

 the diocese abuses of non-residence, and the like. These Bishop 

 Stanley set himself to reform with a boldness, which, though successful 

 in the end aroused much bad feeling against him. As in the House 

 of Lords and elsewhere, where public questions were discussed, 

 he always took what was called " The Liberal side " he was accused of 

 latitudinarianism. In the sense of deviation from any of the standards 

 of the Church the charge was untrue ; and nothing but the tolerance 

 of his disposition in all non-essential matters gave any colour to*it. 

 Beloved by all who knew him, and with the reputation of being one 

 of the most kindly, sanguine, and hospitable men in the Church, he 

 lived till 1849, when he died unexpectedly on the 6th of September 

 at Brahan Castle in Ross-shire, Scotland, where he was then on a visit. 

 He left five children three sons and two daughters. His eldest son, 

 OWEN STANLEY, entered the navy, where he rose to the rank of captain. 

 He was a man of very considerable scientific attainments, and was 

 regarded as an officer of unusual promise. He had been engaged on 

 a survey of a portion of the coast of Australia, which he had just 

 completed, when he died- somewhat suddenly in 1849, his death being 

 apparently hastened by the labours of the survey. Bishop Stanley's 

 youngest son, Charles Edward, is in the Royal Engineers ; his second 

 BOH the Rev. Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, is the subject of the succeed- 

 ing notice, and the foregoing particulars have been derived from a 

 memoir prefixed by him to a collection of his father's " Addresses 

 and Charges " published in 1851. Of the bishop's writings his 

 ' History of Birds ' is the most important : it has passed through 

 several editions. Among his various pamphlets and sermons may 

 be noted his ' Heads for the Arrangement of Local Information in 

 every Department of Parochial and Rural Interest,' published in 

 1848. 



STANLEY, REV. ARTHUR PENRHYN, the second son of the 

 subject of the preceding notice, was born on the 13th of December 

 1815, while his father was still rector of Alderley. In 1829 he was 

 sent to Rugby School, to the head-mastership of which Dr. Arnold 

 had been appointed in the preceding year; and here it was, during a 

 residence as pupil from 1829 to 1834, that he formed that acquaintance 

 with Dr. Arnold which his subsequent literary career has commemo- 

 rated, and to which his culture owed so much. From Rugby he 

 removed in 1834 to University College, Oxford, of which foundation 

 ho was elected a scholar in 1837. In the same year a prize poem of 

 hia, entitled ' The Gipsies,' was recited by him in the theatre at 

 Oxford, and published. In 1838 he graduated B.A., and subsequently 



he took the higher degree of M.A. He then became a fellow and 

 tutor of his college, and resided there for some years. 



In 1842, on the death of Dr. Arnold, he preached his funeral 

 sermon in the chapel of Rugby School; and the sermon, with an 

 appendix containing a posthumous sermon by Dr. Arnold himself, was 

 published in the same year. In 1844 Mr. Stanley paid a more elabo- 

 rate and lasting tribute to the memory of his friend and master by 

 publishing 'The Life and Correspondence of Thomas Arnold, D.D.,' 

 a work which has produced a deeper effect than most biographies iu 

 the English language, and which has passed through many editions at 

 home and been translated into foreign languages. Mr. Stanley's next 

 work, also produced while he was still a fellow of University College, 

 Oxford, was a volume of 'Sermons and Essays on the Apostolical Age,' 

 published at Oxford in 1847. In 1851 he was appointed one of the 

 canons of Canterbury, which office he still holds, along with the chap- 

 laincy to Prince Albert, and one of the chaplaincies to the present 

 Bishop of London, Dr. Tait, who was Dr. Arnold's successor in the 

 head-mastership of Rugby. The nomination to the latter chaplaincy 

 is quite recent (1857). In 1856 he was elected Regius Professor of 

 Ecclesiastical History in the University of Oxford. 



Mr. Stanley's published works, subsequent to those already men- 

 tioned, are his ' Memoir ' of his father, the late Bishop of Norwich, 

 referred to in the preceding article, and published in 1851 as an intro- 

 duction to a selection from the bishop's addresses and charges ; a 

 ' Lecture on the Study of Modern History,' published in 1854 ; a work 

 of antiquarian and historical research, entitled ' Historical Memorials 

 of Canterbury : the Landing of Augustine, the Murder of Becket, 

 Edward the Black Prince and Becket's Shrine,' published in 1855, and 

 republished in the same year ; a sermon entitled ' Foundation and 

 Superstructure,' published in 1855 ; a lecture entitled 'The Reforma- 

 tion,' published in 1856 ; and an elaborate and important work 

 entitled ' Sinai and Palestine in Connection with their History,' pub- 

 lished in 1856, and now in a second edition (1857). Canon Stanley is 

 also understood to have contributed to various periodicals. He is 

 now one -of the hopes of the Church of England, an inheritor in the 

 main of those principles in theology and ecclesiastical politics which 

 Dr. Arnold represented. 



STANLEY, LORD, [DERBY, EARL OF.] 



STANLEY, JOHN, bachelor in music, a composer and organist of 

 no inconsiderable celebrity during the latter half of the last century, 

 was born in 1713. Two years after his birth he became blind, owing 

 to an accident, a circumstance which renders the progress and success 

 of his professional life more than, usually interesting. At the age of 

 seven he began to learn music, as an amusement, in which he was 

 instructed by Reading (composer of 'Dulce Domum '), one of the dis- 

 ciples of Dr. Blow, and evinced such extraordinary aptitude for the 

 art, that what his father intended as some alleviation of a grievous 

 calamity, was soon converted into a profession, and the sightless boy 

 became the pupil of one of our great church composers, Dr. Greene, 

 under whom he made such astonishing advances, that at the age of 

 eleven he was appointed organist of All-Hallows, Bread-street, and at 

 thirteen was elected to a similar situation in St. Andrews, Holborn, 

 though he had many able competitors. In 1734 the benchers of the 

 Middle Temple chose him as one of their organists, and the two latter 

 places he held till his decease. On the death of Dr. Boyce, in 1779, 

 Mr. Stanley succeeded him as Master of the King's Band, and regu- 

 larly discharged the duties of the office by setting to music the two 

 odes annually produced by the poet-laureate, which were performed at 

 the drawing-rooms held at St. James's on New- Year's day and the 

 king's birthday. During many years Mr. Stanley carried on the Lent 

 oratorios at Drury Lane theatre; first in conjunction with Mr. Smith, 

 Handel's successor in those performances, aud next with Mr. Linley. 

 [LiNLEY.] These he conducted in person, accompanying all the songs, 

 choruses, &c., with an accuracy that the ablest musician, in full pos- 

 session of the sense of vision, could not have exceeded. It is therefore 

 almost superfluous to say that his memory was of the most extraor- 

 dinary kind, many instances of which are still related, as well as of 

 the additional strength which his other senses gained, apparently as 

 a compensation for the loss of that important one which he had to 

 deplore. 



Mr. Stanley died in 1786. His compositions, all of which were rmb- 

 lished during his life, were numerous, and chiefly of the vocal kind; 

 but he wrote many voluntaries for the organ, which long continued 

 exceedingly popular. These, as well as his cantatas, songs, &c., were 

 widely circulated, and not only spread his fame throughout the two 

 kingdoms, but proved the source of much profit to the author: pleasing 

 in melody, and easy to execute, they were generally admired, but are 

 deficient in some of those qualities which are required in works of 

 lasting reputation. 



STANLEY, THOMAS, was born in 1625, at Cumberlow in Hert- 

 fordshire. His father, Sir Thomas Stanley, who was connected with 

 the noble family of the earls of Derby, had his son Thomas, during 

 the first fourteen years, educated in his own house in Cumberlow- 

 green, under the tuition of Fairfax, the translator of Tasso. He 

 applied himself with great zeal not only to the study of the ancient 

 languages, but also acquired great facility in reading French, Italian, 

 and Spanish. In 1639 he was accompanied by his tutor to Cambridge, 

 where he entered Pembroke Hall, aud continuing his studies with the 



