TAMERLANE. 



TANNER, THOMAS. 



804 



the Holy See have been overlooked and forgotten One party 



has maintained that, on the plea of infallibility, every decision ema- 

 nating from Home ought to be received with blind obedience, whilst 

 the other party has imagined that by overthrowing the privilege of 



infallibility every authority ascribed to it can be boldly denied 



Both these extremes proceed from the want of just and exact notions 

 on the nature, the character, and the properties of the Holy See. The 

 present work is intended to establish these notions. A little French 

 book fell into my hands, entitled 'Dissertation Canonique et Historique 

 Bur l'Autorit<5 du Saint Siege, et les Decrets qu'on lui attribue.' In 

 the first part the author has well explained the idea of the Holy See 

 and of the Congregations sitting at Rome ; and in the second part he 

 has maintained the primacy of that see. I have adopted the most 

 important principles of this little work, compressing or enlarging its 

 various parts, and fitting the whole to the wants of our times and 

 country. I have explained also the essential rights annexed to the 

 primacy of the Roman see, and have given some general rules in order 

 to calculate the value and merit of the Roman decretals, and to make 

 our own conduct practically harmonise with the obedience which we 

 owe to the authority of the see of Rome." 



At the appearance of Tamburini's work it was stigmatised as 

 Jansenistical, although the author has not gone perhaps so far as 

 some of the French Jansenists, or as Bishop Ricci and his synod of 

 Pistoia. The reasoning is closely argumentative, and supported by 

 numerous references. Several refutations of it were published at Rome 

 and other towns of Italy. The other works of Tamburini are 1. 

 ' Introduzione allo Studio della Filosofia Morale,' Milan, 1797; 2. 

 ' Lezioni di Filosofia Morale e di Naturale e Sociale Diritto,' 4 vols., 

 Pavia, 1806-12 j 3. ' Elementa Juris Naturae,' Milan, 1815 ; 4. ' Cenni 

 sulla Perfettibilita dell' Umana Famiglia,' Milan, 1823; in which 

 the author refutes the exaggerated notions of indefinite perfectibility 

 and universal happiness in human societies. The philosophy of Tam- 

 burini is of the Eclectic kind. 



(Defendeute Sacchi, Varieta Lettcrarie, vol. i. ; Mafiei, Storia della 

 Letteratura Italiana, b. vi., ch. 13 ; Antologia di Firenze, Nos. 

 39, 76.) 



TAMERLANE. [TiMUB.] 



TANCRED, son of Eudes, a Norman baron, and of Emma, sister 

 of Robert Wiskard, duke of Apulia, according to some (Gaultier 

 d'Arc, ' Histoire des Conque"tes des Normands en Italie, en Sicile, 

 &c.), and nephew of Bohemund, son of Wiskard, and prince of 

 Tarentum according to others (Giannone and the authorities he 

 quotes), was serving with Bohemund under Roger, duke of Apulia, 

 son and successor of Wiskard, at the siege of Amalfi, A.D. 1096, when 

 the report of the great crusade which was preparing for the East 

 determined Bohemund, who was not on good terms with Duke Roger, 

 to join the Cmsaders. Tancred followed him with a vast number of 

 men from Apulia aud Calabria. The exploits, true or fabulous, of 

 Tancred, in Syria and Palestine, have been immortalised by Tasso in 

 his poem of ' La Gerusalemme.' 



TANCRED, of Hauteville in Normandy, was a feudal baron who lived 

 in the latter part of the 10th and beginning of the llth century. After 

 doing military service for some years under Richard the Good, duke of 

 Normandy, he retired to his hereditary mansion, where he lived poor, 

 and reared up a numerous family of twelve sons and three daughters. 

 All his sons were remarkable for their comeliness, their great strength, 

 and their courage. The eldest, Serlon, followed William the Bastard 

 in his conquest of England, and the others went successively to seek 

 their fortune in Apulia, where Rainulf, another Norman adventurer, 

 had already obtained the couutship of Aversa from Sergius, duke of 

 Naples. William, one of Tancred's sons, called 'Fier h, bras,' or 

 Btrong of arm, became count of Apulia, and after his death, his 

 brother Robert, called Wiskard, or ' the wise,' became duke of Apulia 

 and Calabria, and the founder of the Norman dynasty of Sicily. 

 Their father Tancred died at a very great age at Hauteville. Traces 

 of the chateau of Tancred, according to the old popular tradition, 

 were still seen a few years since in a pretty valley near Hauteville, 

 four miles north of the town of Marigny, in the arrondissement of 

 Coutances, department of La Manche. 



TANCRED, king of Sicily, was an illegitimate son of Roger, the 

 eldest son of King Roger. On the death of his cousin William II., in 

 1189, the Sicilian parliament being convoked by the chancellor of the 

 kingdom, proclaimed Tancred, then Count of Lecce, his successor. 

 He had already acquired a great reputation for courage, generosity, 

 and love of learning, and these qualities gained him warm partisans, at 

 a time when Henry VI. of Germany was urging his claim to the 

 throne of Sicily, founded on his having married Constance, the aunt of 

 William II., who during the life of that monarch had been declared 

 his heir apparent on failure of male issue. Henry, now emperor oi 

 Germany, in 1191 invaded Apulia and took Salerno, but being 

 obliged to return to Germany he left the empress Constance behind 

 him. Shortly after his departure the people of Salerno rose, made 

 Constance prisoner, an 1 , delivered her over to Tancred, who generously 

 restored her to her husband. The same year he drove the German 

 troops out of Apulia. Tancred died at Palermo in 1 194, leaving a son 

 William, a minor, to succeed hita, under the guardianship of his 

 mother, queen Sybilla. Henry VI. having again entered Apulia with 

 a largo force, and being supported by the turbulent barons, overran 



.he country as far as Rhegium, crossed the strait, and took Messina, 

 Syracuse, and Catania. He then marched to Palermo, and queen 

 Sybilla and her son William having retired to a castle, the city 

 opened its gates to Henry, who was acknowledged king and solemnly 

 rowned. Henry having seized the persons of queen Sybilla and her 

 son William, confined them first in a monastery, and had the child 

 jarbarously mutilated and deprived of sight. The boy expired in 

 orison shortly after, 1195. Henry also put to a cruel death their 

 principal adherents. Thus ended the Norman dynasty, which had 

 reigned with glory over Sicily for more than a century. 



TANNAH1LL, ROBERT, born at Paisley, in Scotland, on the 3rd 

 of June 1774, was the sou of poor parents, by whom he was brought 

 up to the occupation of a weaver, which he pursued in his native town 

 and at Glasgow throughout the short period of his life. The earliest 

 predilection of Tannahill was for poetry, and his taste was formed by 

 the constant study of Allan Ramsay, Fergusson, and Burns. He failed 

 to attain the spirit of these masters of Scottish song ; but his pieces 

 generally excel theirs in grace and sweetness. ' Jessy, the Flower of 

 Dumblane,' is his best-known effort. The ' Song of the Battle of 

 Vittoria ' has the merit of redeeming from the degradation of worth- 

 less words one of the finest airs of Scottish minstrelsy, and restoring it 

 from a whistled jig to the solemn tone of a triumphal song. 



His songs were commonly inspired by the immediate occasion, and 

 were the unlaboured fruit of his imagination or feelings. Besides the 

 charm of harmony and of a perfect mastery of his language, which is 

 almost exclusively Saxon, they derive not a little of their effect from 

 the vein of desponding melancholy which runs through them. This 

 melancholy was in some degree constitutional in Tannahill, but it was 

 aggravated by the neglect of the world, and a hopelessness of ever 

 raising himself above circumstances so unfavourable to genius as those 

 in which fortune had thrown him. A kindred spirit, ' the Ettrick 

 Shepherd,' made a long pilgrimage to visit him at Paisley. After a 

 night spent in the most delightful interchange of feeling, James Hogg 

 took his departure. " Fai-ewell, we shall never meet again," were the 

 words emphatically pronounced on this occasion by Tannahill, and 

 their meaning was shortly afterwards explained. He committed suicide 

 by drowning himself, in his thirty-sixth year. His remains are interred 

 at Paisley. 



Tannahill's songs were published in Paisley, in his lifetime, in a 

 small volume. They are in every modern collection of Scottish 

 melodies, and are occasionally printed (under Taunahill's name) with 

 selections from Burns. For his life, see Chambers 's 'Scottish 

 Biography.' 



TANNER, THOMAS, was the eldest son of the Rev. Thomas 

 Tanner, vicar of Market Lavington, Wiltshire, where he was born on 

 the 25th of January 1674. In November 1689 he was entered a 

 student of Queen's College, Oxford, but after having taken his degree 

 of B.A. he removed in January 1694 to All Souls, and he was elected a 

 Fellow of that society November 2nd, 1696. So early as 169S, when 

 he was only nineteen, he had published proposals for printing all the 

 works of the antiquary John Leland, from the original manuscripts ; 

 but this design, which was afterwards partially executed by Hearne, 

 did not receive such encouragement as to induce him to proceed with 

 it. The reputation he had very early acquired for his knowledge of 

 English antiquities, may appear from the fact that Anthony a Wood, 

 at his death in 1695, left his papers to Tanner's care. That same year 

 Tanner published at London his first work, an octavo volume, entitled 

 ' Notitia Monastica, or a Short Account of the Religious Houses in 

 England and Wales.' 



Having taken orders, he was soon after appointed by Dr. Moore, 

 bishop of Norwich, one of his chaplains; and having in 1701 married 

 Rose, the, eldest daughter of that prelate, he received various prefer- 

 ments from his father-in-law : the chancellorship of Norwich about 

 the time of his marriage ; the office of commissary for the archdeaconry 

 of Norfolk in 1703 ; that of commissary for the archdeaconry of Sud- 

 bury in 1707 ; and in 1713 a prebend in the cathedral of Ely, to which 

 diocese Moore had been by this time removed. Meanwhile Tanner's 

 wife had died, at the age of twenty-five, in 1706. In the same year he 

 was presented by a friend to the rectory of Thorp, near Norwich, and 

 he then married Frances, daughter of Jacob Preston, Esq., of London, 

 whom however he lost in 1718. His next publication, a new edition 

 of Wood's ' Athense Oxonienses,' enlarged by the addition of 500 new 

 lives from Wood's manuscripts, appeared at London in 2 vols. folio, in 

 1721. In December that year, Tanner, who had taken his degree of 

 D.D. in 1710, was appointed by Dr. Green, bishop of Norwich, to the 

 archdeaconry of Norfolk ; and in 1723 he resigned his prebend at Ely, 

 and was appointed canon of Christ's Church, Oxford. He was conse- 

 crated to the bishopric of St. Asaph in January 1732, and in May 1733 

 he married Mrs. Elizabeth Scottow of Thorp, receiving with her a 

 fortune of 15,000/. ; but he did not long enjoy these accessions of 

 wealth and honour, his death taking place at Oxford on the 14th of 

 December 1735. By his second wife he lefb one son, Thomas, who 

 died rector of Hadley and Monks' Ely in Suffolk, and prebend of Can- 

 terbury, in 1760. His widow married Robert Britiffe, Esq., M.P., and 

 survived to 1771. 



A new edition of the ' Notitia Monastica,' with large additions (in 

 part by the editor), was published in a folio volume at London in 

 1744 by the bishop's brother, the Rev. John Tanner, vicar of Lowes- 



