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TENTORI, CRISTOFORO. 



TERBURGhf, GERARD. 



substantial justice. Perhaps he shone most in the management of 

 arguments which required a combination of scientific with legal 

 knowledge : " to see him preside over a complicated patent case was 

 a very great treat, whether to a lawyer or a man of science." A 

 reasonable distinction, a reasonable interpretation of the law, were his 

 favourite phrases. He was, as every learned and judicious lawyer 

 must be, rather impatient of the cheuk of a jury ; and was not always 

 able to keep his temper in command when arguing with the bar. His 

 impartiality, as far as the parties were concerned, was unquestioned. 

 " It was an edifying sight," says Lord Brougham, " to observe Lord 

 Tenterden, whose temper had been visibly affected during the trial 

 (for 011 the bench he had not always thrit entire command of it which 

 we have described him as possessing at the bar), addressing himself to 

 the points in the cause with the same perfect calmness and indifference 

 with which a mathematician pursues an abstract truth ; as if there 

 were neither the parties nor the advocates in existence, and only bent 

 on the discovery and the elucidation of truth." Chief-Justice Abbott's 

 anxiety to support the executive, authority 'on all occasions was 

 beyond a doubt excessive ; but this appears to have been the conse- 

 quence of temperament and very early associations : it shows itself 

 even in his prize essay upon Satire. 



Sir Charles Abbott was raised to the peerage in 1827, by the title 

 of Baron Tenterden. He made a successful de"but as a speaker in the 

 House of Lords in support of Miss Turner's divorce bill ; he perti- 

 naciously opposed the passing of the Corporation and Test Act Repeal 

 Bill; and was the most impressive speaker against the Roman Catholic 

 Relief Bill. His judicial labours rendered him for the next two years 

 an unfrequent attendant in the House of Lords ; but he recorded his 

 protest against the Reform Bill. He took at the same time an active 

 part in the business of legislation. Among his well-studied and care- 

 fully prepared acts are 9 Geo. IV., c. 14, for the alteration of the law 

 as to the limitation of actions of account and upon the case ; 9 Geo. IV., 

 c. 15, to prevent a failure of justice by reason of variances between 

 records and writings produced in evidence; 1 Will. IV., c. 21, Man- 

 damus and Prohibition Acts ; 1 Will. IV., c. 22, Interrogatories Act ; 

 1 & 2 Will. IV., c. 58, Interpleader Act; 2 & 3 Will. IV., c. 39, Uni- 

 formity of Process Act; 2 & 3 Will. IV. c.7l, Prescription Acts; and 

 (prepared under his sanction) 3 & 4 Will. IV., c. 27, for the limitation 

 of actions and suits relating to real property, and for simplifying the 

 remedies for trying the rights thereto. 



As his political opinions were of the kind generally understood to 

 predominate at Oxford, so his literary tastes retained the impress of 

 his university education. When Sir James Scarlett, on the trial of 

 Mr. Hunt for the publication of the ' Vision of Judgment,' alluded to 

 the poetry of Lord Byron as familiar to the jury, Lord Tenterden could 

 not repress the observation that, for himself, " he was bred in too severe 

 a school of taste to admire the modern poets." His favourite recrea- 

 tions during the long vacation were the perusal of the classics, the 

 study of botany, and the composition of Latin verses on flowers and 

 plants. He founded and endowed, in the grammar-school of his native 

 city, two annual prizes ; the one for the best English essay, the other 

 for the best Latin verse. In his relaxations, as in the discharge of 

 his public duties, he displayed a mind narrow, it may be, and uniui- 

 passioned, but active, dexterous, and elegant. 



His later years were overclouded with ill-health, and alarm occa- 

 sioned by the aspect of public affairs. He continued however to dis- 

 charge assiduously the duties of his high office. He presided for the 

 two first days at the trial of t,he mayor of Bristol for misconduct 

 during the riots in that city at the time of the Reform Bill, but on the 

 third he was confined to bed by a violent attack of inflammation. 

 The disease baffled the skill of his physicians, and he expired on the 

 morning of Sunday November 4, 1832. Lady Teuterden died on 

 the 19th of December following. He had two sons, one of whom 

 succeeded him in the title, and two daughters. 



TENTO'RI, CRISTO'FORO, was born in 1745, in Spain, of a 

 Venetian family. He studied first in his native country, and after- 

 wards removed to Venice, where he spent the greater part of his life. 

 He is known chiefly for his historical works concerning Venice. He 

 published, in 1785, his first work, ' Storia Civile e Politica della 

 Repubblica di Venezia, con una Descrizione Corografica e Topografica 

 de' suoi Stati/ Venice, 12 vols. 8vo. This was the first condensed 

 history of Venice, being a kind of abridgment of the many and volu- 

 minous historians of that republic, and especially of Sandi's 'Storia 

 Civile e Politica,' with the important addition of a topographical and 

 statistical description of all the dominions of Venice. Tentori's 

 second work is a continuation and completion of the first, being an 

 authentic narrative of the destruction of the republic of Venice by 

 the French in 1797; 'Raccolta Cronologico-Ragionata di Document! 

 inediti che formano la Storia Diplomatica della Rivoluzione e Caduta 

 della Repubblica di Venezia, corredata di Critiche Osservazioni,' 2 vols. 

 4to, 1799, published without the author's name from prudential motives. 

 Tentori consulted the secret state archives when they were first opened 

 to the public after the fall of the old government, and there he found 

 full evidence of the iniquitous arts by which the catastrophe had been 

 effected. He gives the text of the documents in order of time, and 

 accompanies them with a brief narrative of the events. The perusal 

 of this work is absolutely necessary to form a correct idea of those 

 transactions, and to counteract the erroneous impression produced by 



the accounts published in France and in Italy ; among the rest by an 

 anonymous contemporary work entitled ' Storia degli ultimi Otto Anni 

 della Repubblica/ which was falsely attributed to Tentori himself. 



Tentori wrote about the same time an elaborate investigation of the 

 true character of the famous insurrection of Baiamonte Tiepolo and 

 the two Queriiii in 1309, which had been ignorautly asserted by some* 

 modern Venetian writer to have been a movement in favour of popular 

 liberty, whilst in reality it was a conspiracy of disappointed patricians 

 against their own order, and for the purpose of supplanting their 

 personal enemy, the Doge Gradenigo: 'Ilvero Carattere politico di 

 Baiamonte Tiepolo, dimostrato dall' unanimo Consenso degli Storici 



Veneti ed Esteri,' Venice, 1798. The other works of Tentori are 



' Delia Legislaziono Veneziana sulla Preservazione delle Lagune,' 8vo, 

 Venice, 1792; 'Dialogo sulla yera Regolazione del Fiume Brenta, con 

 una Appendice di Riflessioni sopra il medesiino, corredata di una 

 Carta Idrografica,' Venice, 1790; 'Errata-corrigesulleMemorie Venete 

 del Gallicioli;' ' Osservazioni sulle Memorie Buddette,' Venice, 1797. 

 Gallicioli was a contemporary compiler of Venetian history. 



Tentori Jived and died poor. He filled in the latter years of his 

 life the office of preceptor in the patrician family of Tiepolo at 

 Venice. As a native of Spain he was required by Napoleon's police 

 in 1808 to swear fidelity to the intrusive king Joseph, which having 

 refused to do, he was kept under arrest for a long time, and his papers 

 were inspected by the gendarmes. He died in 1810 at the country 

 residence of the Tiepolo family, at Carbonera. 



TENZEL, or TENTZEL, WILHELM ERNEST, a German 

 historian and antiquarian, was born in 1659, at Greusseu in Thuringia, 

 where his father was pastor. After the completion of his school edu- 

 cation he went, at the age of eighteen, to the University of Witten- 

 berg, where he chiefly devoted himself to the study of the ancient 

 and Oriental languages in connection with history. In 1685 he was 

 appointed teacher at the Gymnasium of Gotha, and was at the same 

 time intrusted with the care of the collection of antiquities and coins 

 belonging to the Duke of Saxe-Gotha. Several learned dissertations 

 which he published shortly after this time attracted the attention of 

 his learned countrymen, in consequence of which he became a very 

 active contributor to the ' Acta Eruditorum,' and to the ' Observations 

 Hallenses.' Tenzel was the first German who conceived the idea ot 

 establishing a German journal for reviewing new books and for pub- 

 lishing interesting essays. This periodical was set on foot in 1689, 

 under the title ' Monatliche Uuterredungen einiger guten Freunde von 

 allerhand Buchern und andern annehmlichen Geschichten.' The 

 undertaking had great success, and was carried on till 1698. The 

 whole was published in monthly parts, and consists of ten volumes. 

 The extensive knowledge of history, especially of the history and 

 antiquities of Germany, procured Tenzel, in 1696, the honourable 

 post of historiographer to the house of Saxony of the Ernestine line. 

 Before he commenced writing on the history of Saxony he travelled 

 through the greater part of Germany, visiting several courts and 

 examining various libraries to find materials. In 1702 the elector of 

 Saxony (also king of Poland) conferred upon him the title of coun- 

 cillor, and made him historiographer of the electorate. In this 

 capacity he took up his residence at Dresden, and was frequently 

 obliged to appear at court. But the simple honesty and straightfor- 

 wardness of the man made him a subject of ridicule among the 

 ignorant and idle courtiers, and as soon as Tenzel became aware of it 

 he resigned his office and retired to private life, devoting himself 

 entirely to his historical and antiquarian studies. He died on the 

 24th of November 1707, in great poverty. 



Besides the numerous essays in the periodical publications men- 

 tioned above, the following separate works of Tenzel deserve to be 

 mentioned: ' De Ritu Lectionum Sacrarum,' Wittenberg, 4 to, 1685; 

 ' Exercitationes Selectee, in duas partes distributse,' Leipzig, 4to, 1692 ; 

 ' Epistola de Sceleto Elephantimo Tonnso nuper effosso,' Gotha and 

 Jena, 12mo, 1699 ; ' Von dem Alter der Buchdruckcrkunst,' Gotha, 

 12mo, 1700; this interesting work is translated into Latin and incor- 

 porated in Wolf's 'Mouumenta Typographica,' ii. 644, &c. The prin- 

 cipal work of Tenzel is his ' Saxonia Numismatica, sive Nummophy- 

 lacium Numismatum Mnemonicorum et Iconicorum a Ducibus Saxoniaj 

 cudi jussorum,' Frankfurt, 2 parts, 4to, 1705. He also continued the 

 history of Gotha which had been commenced by Caspar Sagittarius, 

 in two supplementary volumes. His history of the Reformation, 

 ' Historischer Bericht vom Anfang und Fortgang der Reformation,' 

 which was edited by E. S. Cyprian, in 2 vols. 4to, Leipzig, 1718, is a 

 valuable work, which should still be consulted by the student of that 

 important period. 



TERBURGH, GERARD, an eminent painter of scenes of domestic 

 life of the higher classes of society, was born at Zwoll, near Overyssel, 

 in 1608, and was instructed in the rudiments of art by his father, who 

 is not much known as a painter, but appears to have passed some years 

 at Rome. Some think that he perfected himself under another master 

 at Haarlem ; however this may be, he had acquired considerable repu- 

 tation in the Netherlands as a painter of portraits of a small size 

 before he resolved to travel for his improvement. He first visited 

 Italy ; but whatever advantage he may have derived from the works 

 of the great Italian masters he never changed his style, and proceeding 

 from Italy to France, practised with great success at Paris. From 

 Franco he returned to Holland, where he was highly esteemed and 



