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TEST, MAURO ANTONIO. 



TETUICUS, CAIUS PESUVVIUS. 



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chasing for goldsmiths. In 1673 he went to Italy, where ho studied 

 cbiefly in Venice and Rome, and visited France and England; and 

 after an absence of six years returned in 1678 to the Hague, where he 

 distinguished himself by his historical and mythological compositions, 

 sacred and profane, but his favourite author was Ovid. He restored the 

 Academy of the Hague, which had declined to a very inefficient state ; 

 and in 1690 he was invited by the Elector of Brandenburg, afterwards 

 King of Prussia, to Berlin, and was appointed his court painter. Ho 

 contributed chiefly to the establishment of the Academy of Berlin, 

 of which he was made director. He died at Berlin in 1711. Ter- 

 westyn painted with remarkable rapidity and freedom ; there are a 

 few etchings by him. 



TEST, MAURO ANTONIO, or, as he is sometimes called, after the 

 name given him by his patron and admirer, Algarotti, II Maurino, 

 was born at Montalbano, in the territory of Modena, January 15, 

 1730. Though in poor circumstances, his parents were so desirous of 

 giving him a good education, that they removed for that purpose to 

 Bologna, where he was admitted into the Scuole Pie. Manifesting a 

 great taste for drawing, he was placed under Carlo Morettini, a heraldry 

 painter. It is therefore not without reason that Algarotti calls him 

 self-taught, for though he afterwards received some instruction from 

 an engraver named Giovanni Fabbri, it could have contributed but 

 little towards the excellence he displayed in that branch of art which 

 he selected, architectural design and painting. For this he was 

 doubtless most of all indebted, after his own talent, to the instruction 

 and assistance of Algarotti himself, who made him the companion of 

 his jom-neys to various places, and treated him as a son. The attach- 

 ment was reciprocal ; and it was owing to his attentions to his patron 

 during his last illness at Pisa, that he fell into ill health himself, and 

 died two years afterwards at Bologna, July 18, 1766. 



Algarotti has made frequent mention of Tesi in his letters, where 

 he has described many of his works at considerable length, and speaks 

 both of them and him in terms that would seem quite exaggerated, if 

 they were expressed by a less intelligent critic, or were his praises not 

 confirmed by the opinions of others. The encomium paid to his 

 memory in the inscription on his monument in the church of St. 

 Petrouio, Bologna, " Elegantise veteris in pingendo ornatu, et archi- 

 tectura restitutori," has not been considered more than is due to one 

 who set an example of more refined and purer taste in architectural 

 design and composition. His productions are highly esteemed, and 

 though his pictures are few, he left a great number of drawings, and 

 also a series of architectural plates engraved by himself. 



TESSIN. There are three eminent Swedes of this name, father, 

 son, and grandson. The first of them, Nicodemus the elder, or 

 NICODEMUS VALENTINSON TESSIN, was born at Stralsund in 1619, 

 and held the appointment of royal or crown architect, which was con- 

 ferred upon him by Queen Christina in 1645, then Vacant by the 

 death of Simon de la Valle'e. Very little more has been recorded of 

 him, except that he visited Italy, that a patent of nobility was granted 

 to him in 1674 by Charles XL, and that he filled the office of magis- 

 trate at Stockholm. Even the time of his death is not precisely 

 stated, but it appears from collateral evidence to have been somewhere 

 about 1688. As an architect one of his chief works is the palace 

 of Drottuingsholm, begun by him for the Queen-Dowager Hedwig 

 Eleonora (widow of Charles Gustavus), but completed by his son. 

 He also erected the royal villa of Stromsholm, and the mausoleum of 

 Charles Gustavus. In fame he has been surpassed by his more 

 eminent son, 



COUNT NICODEMUS TESSIN, who was born at Nykoping hi 1654, and 

 had for one of his baptismal sponsors the Queen Maria Eleonora, 

 widow of Gustavus Adolphus. He was carefully educated by his 

 father, expressly with a view to his future profession. As soon as he 

 had completed his studies, first at Stockholm, afterwards at Upsala, he 

 was sent at the age of eighteen to Italy, whither he accompanied the 

 Marquis del Monte, a nobleman in the service of Christina of Sweden. 

 He studied at Rome under Bernini, and acquired a taste for the fine 

 arts generally. After four years thus spent, he visited Naples, Sicily, 

 and Malta, and again returned to Rome, at which place he received 

 from Sweden his appointment as future hof-architect in 1689. On his 

 return he was allowed, by Charles XL, to prosecute his travels con- 

 formably with his earnest wish for further improvement, and this 

 time he visited England and France, in which latter country he 

 remained three years. On finally settling in his native country, he 

 received, in addition to his former appointment, that of city-architect 

 to the magistracy of Stockholm. The destruction of the royal palace 

 by fire in 1697 afforded him an opportunity for displaying his ability 

 far more favourable than might else have offered itself ; and of which 

 he eo well availed himself as to render the new edifice one of the 

 noblest of its kind in Europe, though not what it would have been 

 had his ideas been fully carried out. He had also numerous oppor- 

 tunities of exhibiting his taste on a magnificent scale; though they 

 were only of a temporary nature on occasions of splendid court 

 pageants and festivals, in which his talent for architectural decoration 

 was employed. One of them was at the solemnisation of the public 

 entry and coronation of Ulrica Eleonora, the wife of Charles XL, who 

 was herself an artist, and displayed considerable proficiency in portrait- 

 painting. By the Queen-Dowager Hedwig Eleonora he was employed 

 not only to complete Drottningsholm, but to lay out the grounds and 



BIOG. DIV. VOL. V. 



gardens both there and at UlriksdaL Besides the cathedral at Calmar, 

 and Oxensticrn's monument, he executed or designed a great number 

 of other buildings, including a project for rebuilding the palace at 

 Copenhagen, which was partly carried into effect many years after his 

 death, when it was curtailed, and by no means improved in other 

 respects. Elevations of the original design were published by hia son, 

 under the title of ' Regies Hafniensis Facieg,' &c. In addition to his 

 professional occupations, the count (which title was conferred on him in 

 1714) was engaged in many offices that he held at court, and he took 

 a considerable share in public and political affairs. At the time of his 

 death (1728) he was Chancellor of the University of Lund. Count 

 Nicodemus was twice married. 



COUNT CHABLES GCSTAVUS TESSIN, the son of Count Nicodemus by 

 his first marriage, was born at Stockholm in 1695. Though not with- 

 out talent for architecture, which he had considerably improved by 

 travelling, he did not exercise it professionally, except in completing 

 the palace at Stockholm after his father's death. Hia claim to celebrity 

 was of a very different kind ; it was as a statesman and diplomatist that 

 he chiefly distinguished himself. He was ambassador at the court of 

 France from 1739 to 1742, and president of the chancery from 1747 to 

 1752. As tutor to the prince royal, afterwards Gustavus III., he 

 wrote for his instruction a series of letters on political and moral 

 topics, which were published, and of which there is a French trans- 

 lation. Count Gustavus was a zealous promoter of every scheme for 

 the advancement of his country ; he did much for the encouragement 

 of arts and manufactures, and first established the Swedish Academy 

 for Painting and Sculpture in 1735. Some years before his death he 

 withdrew from public business and affairs, and lived in retirement on 

 his estate at Akeroe in Sudermania, where he died in 1771 ; and by 

 his death the family became extinct. 



TESTELIN, or TETTELIN, LOUIS, was born at Paris in 1615, 

 and was a pupil of Vouet. He was elected one of the original mem- 

 bers of the French Academy, though he was only thirty-three years of 

 age at its establishment in 1648. His presentation picture was an 

 historical portrait of Louis XIV. In 1650 he was appointed one of 

 the professors of the academy. Testelin's picture of the 'Resurrection 

 of Tabitha by St. Paul,' painted in 1652, is considered one of the 

 masterpieces of the French school of painting, and is compared with 

 Le Sueur's celebrated picture of 'Paul Preaching,' and the ' Burning 

 of the Books at Ephesus ; ' it is in the church of Notre Dame ; there 

 is a print of it by Bosse and Picard le Romain. There is another 

 celebrated picture by Testelin in the church of Notre Dame, the 

 ' Flagellation of St. Paul and Silas,' which was painted in 1655, the 

 year of his death. ' St. Louis attending a Sick Man,' in the Hospital 

 de la Charite", is likewise a distinguished work by Testelin. As he 

 died at the early age of forty, his works are necessarily scarce. Le 

 Brun and Testelin were warm friends. Testelin had great theoretical 

 knowledge, and he and Le Brun frequently conversed on the principles 

 of art. Testelin never was in Italy ; but on one occasion the subject 

 of their argument was the comparative merit of the Roman and 

 Venetian schools, taking their abstract characteristics as their subject, 

 Roman design, and Venetian colour and light and shade, Le Bran 

 advocating the Roman and Testelin the Venetian. After arguing the 

 whole night through, Le Brun rose, saying, " My friend, you have 

 charmed me by your profound knowledge; the victory is yours; 

 certainly no man is better instructed in the great maxims of his art.'' 



TE'TRICUS, CAIUS PESUVVIUS, a Roman senator, one of the 

 numerous usurpers of the imperial purple in the 3rd century A.D., 

 who are distinguished in Roman history by the name of the Thirty 

 Tyrants. He was governor of Aquitania, and, after the death of 

 several pretenders in Gaul, was made emperor there in 268 by 

 Victorina, said to be his kinswoman, and the widow of Victorinus. 

 He reigned for a few years not unprosperously; but after the accession 

 of Aurelian, finding himself unable to control the turbulent and licen- 

 tious soldiery who sustained his power, and becoming weary of their 

 crimes, he invited the new emperor into Gaul, and resigned his usurped 

 dominion in the following manner : Dreading the resentment of hia 

 troops if he deserted them openly, he pretended to prepare for an 

 engagement near Chalons in Champagne, and then betrayed his army 

 into the hands of Aurelian. Gibbon places this event before the defeat 

 of Zenobia; but Vopiscus (Aureliauus, 'Historia Augusta') says that 

 it took place subsequently. The triumph of Aurelian, in 274, was 

 ennobled by the presence of the queen of the East, and of Tetricus 

 and his son, in the train of captives. The deposed emperor was 

 treated by his conqueror with every mark of distinction during the 

 remainder of his life, and was made corrector of Lucania according 

 to Vopiscus and other writers, or of all Italy, if we follow Trebellius 

 Pollio. His son Tetricus, who had been made Caesar by Victorina, 

 met with not less favour than his father at the hands of Aurelian, and 

 was honoured with senatorial dignity. On the coins of Tetricus, 

 which are extant in gold, silver, and copper, we find the reading 

 IMP.C.C.PESV.TETRICVS.AVG, and also mp.TETRicvs.Ava ; with, on the 

 reverse, IMP.C.CLAVDIVS. AVG, which, as Eckhel ('Doct. Vet. Num.') 

 remarks, would imply an alliance between him and Claudius Gothicua. 

 Spon ('Miscell.,' 274, Lugd., 1685) gives an inscription on a marble 

 found at Rouen with the titles of Tetricus more at length : C.PESVBIO. 

 TETIUCO. NOBILISSIMO. CAES.p.F.Avo.L.!. Coins struck in the name of 

 the younger Tetricus yet remain. 



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