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TISSOT, SIMON ANDREW. 



TITI, SANTI DI. 



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coast of Corsica, and was captured by a French ship of war ; it was 

 however set at liberty again, and after a troublesome journey of four 

 months Tischbein at last reached Cossel in safety. During his resi- 

 dence in Naples he published there in 1796, a remarkable work upon 

 animals, in two parts, folio, entitled ' Totes des diffdrents Animaux, 

 dessinds d'apr6i Nature, pour donner une id<5e plus exacte de leurs 

 caractcres.' The first part contains sixteen designs of animals, and 

 the first plate of this part is the celebrated design called in Italy Tisch- 

 bein's Laocoon ; it represents a large snake attacking and destroying a 

 lioness and her young in their den : the second part contains eight 

 plates only, consisting of characteristic heads of men and gods, as 

 Correggio, Salvator Rosa, Michel Angelo, Raffaelle, Soipio Africanus, 

 Caracalla, Jupiter, and Apollo. Tischbein after his return to Germany 

 lived principally at Hamburg and at Eutin in Oldenburg near Lxibeck ; 

 the majority of his works are in the possession of the grand-duke of 

 Oldenburg : the following paintings are three of his most celebrated 

 works: Ajax and Cassandra, painted in 1805; ' Suffer the Little 

 Children to come unto me,' painted in 1806, for the altar of the 

 church of St. Angari at Bremen ; and Hector taking leave of Andro- 

 mache, painted in 1810. He painted also the portraits of Klopstock, 

 of Heyne, and of Bliicher. 



In Qottingen in 18014 he published in royal folio his favourite 

 work on Homer, with explanations by Heyne ' Homer, nach Antiken 

 gezeichnet von Heinrich Tischbein, Direcktor, &c., mit erlauterungeu 

 von Chr. Gottl. Heyne,' i.-vi., each number containing six plates : the 

 portraits of the Homeric heroes were engraved by R. Morghen. Tisch- 

 beiu's drawings for Sir W. Hamilton's second collection of vases, 

 published at Naples from 1791, in 4 vols. folio, amount to 214 : the 

 work is entitled ' A Collection of Engravings from Ancient Vases, 

 mostly of pure Greek workmanship, discovered in Sepulchres in the 

 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, but principally in the environs of 

 Naples, during the years 1789 and 1790; now in the possession of 

 Sir W. Hamilton, published by William Tischbein, director of the 

 Royal Academy of Painting at Naples.' The text, which is in French 

 and English, is by Italinsky. Tischbein published other works, and 

 etched also several plates, after Paul Potter, Roos, Rosa di Tivoli, 

 Rembrandt, &c. As a painter his drawing was correct, and his 

 expression and colouring good, and he excelled in drawing animals. 

 He died in 1829. There were many other artists of this family, of 

 various degrees of merit, but they are xmknown beyond their own 

 circles. 



TISSOT, SIMON ANDREW, an eminent Swiss physician, was born 

 at Lausanne, in the canton de Vaud, in 1728. He studied first at 

 Geneva, and then at Montpellier, from 1746 to 1749, where he took 

 his decree of Doctor of Medicine. He then returned to Switzerland 

 and settled at Lausanne, where he joined to an extensive practice a 

 considerable degree of theoretical knowledge. His reputation spread 

 rapidly through Europe in consequence of his medical publications, 

 and caused him to be consulted from all parts. He was also offered 

 at various times several important situations at different foreign 

 courts and universities, all of which he declined, and remained satis- 

 fied with the respect and comfort which he enjoyed at home, and 

 with the office of professor of medicine at the college of Lausanne. 

 However in 1780, he could not resist the warm solicitations of the 

 Emperor Joseph II., who conferred on him the professorship of clinical 

 medicine at the university of Pavia. Being thrown thus late in life 

 into so difficult a post, and being naturally of a modest and shy dis- 

 position, he did not at first answer the expectations formed of him. 

 However there soon after broke out in the province an epidemic bilious 

 fever, as to the treatment of which the physicians of the place were 

 not agreed. On this occasion the Count de Firmian, the celebrated 

 minister under the archduke, gave orders that Tissot's directions 

 should be followed, as he bad treated a similar disorder with great 

 success in the canton of Le Valais in 1755. His system was again 

 successful, and the students not only celebrated his triumph with fetes, 

 but, wishing to render the memory of it more durable, they caused a 

 marble inscription, beginning with the words ' Immortali Prseceptori,' 

 to be placed under the portico of the school. After holding his pro- 

 fessorship for three years, Tissot obtained permission to retire from 

 office. During his stay in Italy he had made use of the vacations to 

 travel through the finest parts of that country, and was everywhere 

 received with the most marked and flattering attention. Pope 

 Pius VI. signified his desire of seeing so estimable and eminent a 

 man ; he accordingly received him with much kindness, excused him 

 (as being a Protestant) from the ceremonial customary at presenta- 

 tions at the Papal court, and made him a present of a set of the gold 

 medals struck during his pontificate. 



Having always lived economically and without any display, Tissot 

 had saved while in Italy a sum of money sufficient for the purchase 

 of a country-seat, which he intended to be the retreat of his old age. 

 He had only engaged himself in the Austrian service for a very limited 

 period ; he had now finished the medical education of a favourite 

 nephew; and, lastly, as he himself with characteristic playfulness 

 expressed it, having received the title of Immortal,' he thought it 

 prudent not to run any risk of descending from such a height, and 

 of outliving (as he might easily do) his apotheosis. He was succeeded 

 in his professorship at Pavia by the celebrated J. P. Frank, and died 

 unmarried, on the 15th of June 1797, in his native land, at the age 



of sixty-nine. A complete list of his works is given in the ' Biographie 

 Me'dicale,' from which work the above account is taken : of these the 

 following are the most interesting : ' Tentamen de Morbis ex Manu- 

 atupratione Ortis,' 8vo, Louvain, 1760; which was translated into 

 French, and baa been frequently republished. ' Dissertatio de Febri- 

 bus Biliosis, seu Historia Epidemino Lausanensis anui 1755,' 8vo, Lau- 

 sanne, 1758. 'Avis au Peuple ur sa Sante",' 12mo, Lausanne, 1761, 

 which was translated into no less than seven different languages, and 

 in less than six years reached the tenth edition. It has since been 

 frequently reprinted, and contributed more than any of his other 

 works to make the author's name known throughout Europe. It 

 served also as the model and foundation for many similar popular 

 works in more recent times. ' De Valetudine Litteratorum,' 8vo, 

 Lausanne, 1766, which was translated into French, and frequently 

 reprinted, and of which the latest and best edition is that by F. G. 

 Boisseau, 18ino, Paris, 1826, with notes by the editor, and a memoir 

 of the author. ' Essai sur les Maladies des Gene du Monde,' which 

 has also gone through several editions. There is a complete edition 

 of his works by J. N. Halld, in 11 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1811, with notes 

 by the editor and a memoir of the author. Besides these original 

 works Tissot edited at Yverdun, 1779, in three volumes 4to, the 

 treatise of Morgagni, ' De Sedibus et Causis Morborum per Anatomen 

 Indagatis,' to which he prefixed a history of the Life and Works of 

 the author. 



*TITE, WILLIAM, M.P., F.R.S., &c., architect, was born in London 

 near the close of the last century. Although possessing a very exten- 

 sive city connection, and carrying on a large business, Mr. Tite had not 

 had opportunities of making his name very generally known by any 

 important public work prior to the erection of the new Royal 

 Exchange. His chief work perhaps was the Scotch Church, Regent- 

 square, London, erected in 1828. In the first open competition of 

 designs for the Royal Exchange, Mr. Tite was not among the successful 

 competitors; but it having been decided that neither of the three 

 designs to which prizes were awarded was suitable for the purpose 

 contemplated, the committee resolved to abandon the principle of 

 open competition, and to name five architects who should be requested 

 to send in designs. Three of these Sir R. Smirke, Mr. (now Sir 

 Charles) Barry, and Mr. Gwilt declined to compete, leaving the 

 field to the other two, Mr. Tite and Mr. Cockerell ; and ultimately tho 

 committee decided in favour of Mr. Tite. The building was com- 

 pleted in the short space of three years from its commencement near 

 the close of 1841, at a cost within the estimate of 150,0001., and opened 

 in state by her Majesty, October 28, 1844. On so well known a 

 structure it is unnecessary to offer any remarks : it may suffice to say 

 that its chief architectural feature, the portico of eight Corinthian 

 columns at the western end, is undoubtedly one of the very finest 

 porticoes in the metropolis. The work placed the architect in the 

 foremost rank of his profession, but it remains his only grand work. 



His subsequent works have been artistically of a comparatively 

 unimportant character. The chief are the London and Westminster 

 bank, Lothbury, executed by him in conjunction with Mr. Cockerell ; 

 the Vauxhall (original) terminus of the London and South- Western 

 railway, the terminus at Southampton, and the stations along the line 

 of the same railway ; the Blackwall terminus of the London and 

 Blackwall railway; and termini and stations on the Caledonian, 

 Scottish Central, and various other railways; the London station 

 of the Woking Cemetery Company, and other buildings for com- 

 mercial purposes. Mr. Tite has been himself a good deal connected 

 with commercial undertakings, and lately with political matters. 

 He is chairman of the North-Devon railway; a director (having 

 first been for ten years deputy-chairman and managing director) 

 of the Globe Assurance Company, &c. He was also for awhile vice- 

 president of the Administrative Reform Association, under whose 

 auspices he unsuccessfully contested the borough of Barnstaple, and 

 in August 1854 was returned as member for Bath, for which place he 

 was re-elected in April 1857. He is a vice-president of the Institute of 

 British Architects; he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1 835, 

 and he is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and of the Geological 

 Society. Mi 1 . Tite is the author of a ' Report of a Visit to the Estates 

 of the Hon. Irish Society in Londonderry and Coleraine in the year 

 1834;' and of the Introduction to a 'Catalogue of Roman Anti- 

 quities found in the site of the Royal Exchange.' 



TITI, SANTI DI, an Italian painter and architect, was born of a 

 noble family at Borgo San Sepolcro in Tuscany in 1538. He was a 

 scholar of Bronzino, and, according to Lanzi, also studied under 

 Cellini. While at Rome he was employed upon some subjects in the 

 chapel of the Palazzo Salviati, and painted a St. Jerome in San Gio- 

 vanni de' Fiorentini, besides executing several works in the Belvedere 

 of the Vatican. He returned to Florence in 1566, with a reputation 

 for great ability in design ; nor was his reputation at all diminished 

 by the works he there produced, for among them are some of his best, 

 including his Resurrection and Supper at Emmaus, in Santa Crocc ; 

 of which, and of his other performances, a full account is given by 

 Borghiui, in his ' Reposo. ' It was also at Florence that he chiefly 

 exercised his profession of architect. The Casa Dardanelli, the Villa 

 Spini at Peretoln, and his own house at Florence, are enumerated 

 among his works of that class, but without much commendation. He 

 is said however to have displayed much taste in some of his archi- 



