113 



TOLL1US, CORNELIUS. 



TOMLINE, GEORGE. 



114 



Tollens translated much from the German and English as well as the 

 French, but often adapted the pieces he borrowed to Dutch subjects 

 or history. Au English reader would hardly suspect before reading it 

 that liia 'Jonker van 't Sticht' was taken from Scott's 'Young 

 Lochinvar,' which has also beou done into Dutch by Van Lennep, 

 under the title of ' De Heer van Culemborg.' Tollens'8 works, of 

 which a new edition is now publishing, are of some extent ; his shorter 

 poems alone occupy about ten 8vo volumes, not very closely printed. 



TO'LLIUS, CORNE'LIUS, a Dutch philologer, was born at Utrecht 

 about 1620. His father, who had two other sons, Jacob and Alex- 

 ander, possessed no means of giving his children a good education, 

 but he had in G. J. Vossius a friend who gratuitously supplied the 

 want. After Cornelius had for somo years enjoyed the private 

 instructions of Vossius, he entered the academy of Amsterdam, and 

 continued his philological studies under the auspices of his bene- 

 factor, who bad formed a strong attachment to him, and made him 

 his private secretary (famulus). In 1645 Tollius obtained the pro- 

 fessorship of eloquence and of the Greek language at the academy of 

 Harder wyk. The year after this event Vossius died, and Tollius 

 delivered on the occasion the customary eulogy^ which was printed 

 under the title 'Oratio in orbitum G. J. Vossii,' 4to, Amsterdam, 

 1649. During his stay at Harderwyk Tollius exercised great influence 

 on the affairs of the academy, for tho curators are said to have had 

 such confidence in him that they never appointed a professor without 

 his previous sanction. The year of his death is not certain, but it 

 appears to have been soon after 1652; this year at least is the last in 

 which any work of his appeared. 



The works of Tollius are not numerous, but he had formed the 

 plans for an edition of Valerius Maxiinus and Phurnutus, which his 

 early death prevented him from executing. There is an edition of 

 the work of J. P. Valerianus, 'De Infelicitate Literatorum,' 12mo, 

 Amsterdam, 1647, with supplements by Tollius, which give some 

 interesting accounts of literary men, and was in its time very popular. 

 The Supplements were translated into French by Coupe", and inserted 

 in his ' Soirdes Litte'raires,' vol. xvi. p. 56, &c. He also edited Palsc- 

 phatus, ' De Incredibilibus,' 12mo, Amsterdam, 1649, with notes and 

 a Latin translation; Joannes Cinnamus, ' De Rebus Joannis et Manuelis 

 Comneuorum Libri iv.,' with emendations and a Latin translation, 

 4to, Amsterdam, 1652. 



Tollius has been charged by his biographers with having appro- 

 priated numerous remarks and emendations on ancient authors which 

 he found among the papers of his benefactor Vossius, but how far 

 this is true cannot now be ascertained. 



(Gasp. Burmann, Trajeclum Eruditum, p. 367, &c. ; Saxius, Onomas- 

 ticum Literarium, vol. iv., p. 28.) 



TOLLIUS, JACOB, a brother of Cornelius, was born about 1630, 

 nt Utrecht. He received his first education at Deventer, and after- 

 wards studied under G. J. Vossius, who showed him the same kindness 

 which he had before shown to his brother Cornelius. The younger 

 Tollius is charged, and apparently with justice, with having been very 

 ungrateful towards his benefactor, inasmuch as he appropriated to 

 himself much which Vossius had written iu illustration of the ancient 

 writers. After the death of Vossius, Tollius returned to Utrecht, and 

 became a corrector of the press in the printing establishment of J. 

 Blaeuw, at Amsterdam. He gave perfect satisfaction to his employer, 

 both by his great knowledge and the conscientious discharge of hia 

 duties. In the meantime D. Heindus, who was staying at Stockholm, 

 and preparing for a journey to Italy under a commission from Queen 

 Christina, offered to Tollius the place of secretary to the commission. 

 Tollius accepted the offer, and set out for Stockholm in 1662. 



Being entrusted with the various papers and manuscripts of Hein- 

 sius, his old piratical inclination revived ; when Heiusius discovered 

 this, aud, it would seem, some additional and more serious offences, 

 Tollius was dismissed, and returned to Holland, where after a short 

 time the influence of his friends procured him the office of rector of the 

 gymnasium at Gouda. Here he devoted all his leisure hours to the 

 study of medicine, and in 1669 he obtained the degree of Doctor of 

 Physic. Some dispute between him and the curators of the gymna- 

 sium, and his free and unreserved mode of dealing with them, became 

 the 'cause of his being deprived of his office at Qouda in 1673. After 

 this he for some time practised medicine, and gave private lessons in 

 Latin and Greek at Nordwyk. Finding that he could not gain a sub- 

 sistence, he again obtained an appointment as teacher at Leyden, but 

 in 1679 he gave up his place for that of professor of history and elo- 

 quence in the University of Duisburg. His reputation as a mineralo- 

 gist was also great; and in the year 1687 the elector of Brandenburg 

 commissioned him to travel through Germany and Italy for the pur- 

 pose of examining the mines of those countries. It appears that he 

 faithfully discharged this commission. In Italy he was most hos- 

 pitably received by Cardinal Barberini ; and Tollius, who had hitherto 

 not been promoted in his own country as he thought he deserved, 

 secretly embraced the Roman Catholic religion. His long stay in 

 Italy created in Germany some suspicion of his having renounced 

 Protestantism; and on hearing this he hastened, in 1690, from Rome 

 to Berlin. His reception by the elector however was of such a nature 

 that he thought it advisable to leave Berlin and return to Holland. 

 Tollius, being now again without means and employment, opened a 

 school at Utrecht, but it was closed by order of the city authorities. 



BIOQ. DIV. VOL. VI. 



His friends were displeased with his conduct, and forsook him one 

 after another; he sank into deep poverty, and died June 22, 1696. 



Tho works of Tollius are rather numerous, and are partly philolo- 

 gical, partly alchymistical, and partly on his travels. Among hia 

 alchymistical works are his ' Fortuita, in quibus prater critica non- 

 nulla, tota fabularis historia, Grsoca, Phoenicia, ^Sgyptiaca, ad chemiatn 

 pertinere asseritur,' Amsterdam, 8vo, 1688. He published an edition 

 of Ausonius, Amsterdam, 1671, which is the Variorum edition of 

 Ausoniua, and is still very useful; and also an edition of Lon- 

 ginus, Utrecht, 4to, 1694, with notes and a Latin translation. Tollius 

 translated into Latin the Italian work of Baechini, 'De Sistrjp,' 

 Utrecht, 1696, and the account of ancient Rome, by Nardini, both of 

 which are incorporated in Graevius, 'Thesaurus Antiquitatum Roma- 

 narum,' vols. iv. and vi. He is also the author of ' Gustus Animad- 

 versionum Criticarum ad Longinum cum Observatis in Ciceronis 

 Orationem pro Archia,' Leydeu, 8vo, 1667. The works relating to his 

 travels are : ' Insignia Itinerarii Italici, quibus continentur Antiqui- 

 tates Sacrae,' Utrecht, 4to, 1696, and ' Epistolae Itinerarise, observatio- 

 nibus et figuris adoi-natoa.' This work was edited, after the author's 

 death, by H. C. Hennin, Amsterdam, 4to, 1700, and is of greater use 

 and interest than the former. There are also some dissertations on 

 ancient poets, by Tollius, in Berkelius, ' Dissertationes selects criticae 

 de Poetis,' Leyden, 8vo, 1704, 



TOLOME'I, CLAU'DIO, born at Siena, of a noble family, in 1492, 

 studied the law in his native town, and afterwards went to Rome, 

 where he founded an academy called ' Delia Virtu,' of which Caro, 

 Molza, Flaminio, and other learned men of Rome became member*, 

 and one of the purpi ses of which was the illustration of Vitruvius 

 and the encouragement of architecture. Tolomei afterwards conceived 

 the idea of introducing into the Italian poetry the Latin metre of the 

 hexameters and pentameters, and he published rules and specimens 

 for the purpose : 'Versi e Regole della nuova Poesia Toscaua,' Rome, 

 1539. But this innovation, which had been already attempted by 

 Leone Battista Alberti, did not succeed, and the Italian hexameters 

 and pentameters soon fell into oblivion. 



Tolomei was for a time in the service of the Cardinal Ippolito 

 d'Este, who sent him on a mission to Vienna in 1532. He afterwards 

 attached himself to the court of Pier Luigi Farntse, son of Pope 

 Paul III., and duke of Castro, and followed him to Piacenza, when 

 Pier Luigi waa created duke of Parma and Piacenza. After tho 

 tragical death of Pier Luigi, in 1547, Tolomci returned to Rome, 

 where he lived in straitened circumstances, until his countrymen of 

 Siena chose him, in 1552, for their ambassador to Henri II. of France, 

 who protected the independence of that republic, threatened by the 

 Medici and by Charles V. Tolomei repaired to Compiegne, where he 

 delivered an oration to the king in presence of his court, which was 

 afterwards published : ' Orazioue recitata dinanzi al Re" di Fraucia 

 Eurico II. a Compiegne,' Paris 1553. He died soon after his return to 

 Rome, in 1554. He wrote several other orations in Italian, one of 

 which, entitled ' Orazione della Pace,' Rome, 1534, has be^n most 

 praised; a dialogue upon the Italian language; and several volumes 

 of letters, which are the most interesting part of his writings 

 'Lettere di Claudio Tolomei, libri vii.,' 4to, Venice, 1547, afterwards 

 repeatedly reprinted. He is one of the best letter-writers in the 

 Italian language ; his letters embrace a variety of subjects, scientific 

 and philosophical, and his style is comprehensive and full of meaning. 

 His correspondence was choice, and yet exteusive. The edition of 

 1547 contains an important letter to his friend Gabriele Cesano, about 

 the manner of making the government of a state durable and perma- 

 nent, which letter has been left out in the subsequent editions. In 

 another letter, addressed to Count Lando, he suggests the plan of 

 several philological and archaeological works for the illustration of 

 Vitruvius. (Corniani, Secoli della Lettemtura Italiana ; Tiraboschi, 

 Storia della Letteratura Italiana.) 



TOMASIN. [THOMASIN.] 



TOMLINE, GEORGE, eldest son of George and Susan Pretyman, 

 was born on the 9th of October 1750, at Bury St. Edmund's, Suffolk, 

 and was educated at the grammar-school in that town, which was the 

 place of education at that time of most of the gentlemen's families in 

 Suffolk. At the age of eighteen he was sent to Pembroke Hall, Cam- 

 bridge. He took his degree of A.B. in January 1772, and obtained the 

 high honour of senior wrangler, and at the same time the first of Dr. 

 Smith's mathematical prizes. In the year 1773 he was elected Fellow 

 of his college, and was immediately appointed tutor to Mr. Pitt. He 

 was ordained deacon by Dr. Younge, bishop of Norwich, and priest 

 by Dr. Hinchliffe, bishop of Peterborough. In 1775 he proceeded 

 M.A., and in 1781 was moderator in the university. He resided in 

 college till 1782, when he left it for the purpose of acting as private 

 secretary to Mr. Pitt, on his appointment to the chancellorship of the 

 exchequer. When Mr. Pitt was made first lord of the treasury, Tom- 

 line became his secretary, and he continued with him till he became 

 bishop of Lincoln and dean of St. Paul's. Dr. Pretyman's first pre- 

 ferment was a sinecure rectory of Corwen in Merionethshire, to which 

 he was collated in 1782 ; and in 1784 he was appointed to a prebendal 

 stall in Westminster, the first preferment of which Mr. Pitt had the 

 disposal. In 1785 he was presented by the king to the rectory of 

 Sudbourn-cum-Offord, in his native county of Suffolk. In January 

 1787 he was advanced to the bishopric of Lincoln and the deanery of 



