167 



TRILLER, DANIEL WILLIAM. 



TRINCAVELLIUS, VICTOR. 



163 



muuications to the English 'Philosophical Transactions.' Triewald 

 died suddenly in 1741. 



TRILLER, DANIEL WILLIAM, a learned and laborious German 

 physician, was born at Erfurt, the 10th of February 1695. He received 

 his classical education at Zeitz and Leipzig, at which university he 

 afterwards studied medicine. He took his doctor's degree at Halle in 

 1718, after which he returned to Leipzig aud there delivered lectures. 

 In 1720 the town of Merseburg offered him the situation of public 

 physician, which he accepted; in 1730 he made several journeys into 

 Switzerland in the suite of a German prince. Having obtained his 

 dismission at the end of four years, he settled at Frankfurt-on-the- 

 Main, which place he left in 1746, in order to settle at Dresden, with 

 the title of physician to the king of Poland. At last the University 

 of Wittenberg bestowed on him a professorship in 1749, which he 

 filled with distinction until his death. He died at the age of eighty- 

 seven, on the 22nd of May 1782. 



Triller was a very learned physician, which makes one regret that 

 he did not publish the edition of Hippocrates to which he devoted a 

 great part of his life, aud of which he published a specimen under 

 the title 'De nova Hippocratis Editione Adornandii Commentatio, 

 .... Speciminia Loco Libellum Hippocratis "De Anatome," . . . . 

 Commentario perpetuo Medico-critico illustravit, Lugd. Bat.,' 4to, 

 1728. Abraham Grouovius inserted his notes upon ./Elian's ' History 

 of Animals,' in his Greek and Latin edition of this author, published 

 at London, 4to, 1744. The judgment passed upon him by M. Goulin, 

 quoted in the ' Biographie Mddicale,' is rather severe, though substan- 

 tially just. During forty years, says he, Triller filled four vols. Svo 

 with Latin poems on Medicine : he published dissertations, opuscula, 

 and a mediocre treatise on pleurisy ; he disfigured the excellent Phar- 

 macopoeia of Wittenberg by overloading it with quotations and notes, 

 in which he often quotes his own Latin poems, and shows, amidst 

 many childish jeux de mots, that he was neither a druggist nor a 

 physician. The list of his works (which consist almost entirely of 

 monographs and dissertations) occupies two pages in the 'Biographie 

 Me'dicale;' of these perhaps the following, relating chiefly to medical 

 antiquities, are some of the most interesting : ' De Moly Homerico 

 detecto, cum lleliquis Argumentis ad Fabulam Grsecam pertinentibus,' 

 Leipzig, 4to, 1716; 'Apologia pro Hippocrate, Atheism! falso accu- 

 sato,' Rudolstadt, 4to, 1719; 'Epistola Medico-Critica ad Jo. Freind 

 supra I. et II. Hippocratis Epidemicorum, in qua siniul agitur de variis 

 ejus Editionibus,' Rudolstadt, 4to, 1720, ' Conjecturse et Emendationes 

 in Aretseum,' first published in the 'ActaErudit. Lipsiens.,' 1728, p. 

 101, sq., and afterwards inserted in Boerhaave's edition of that author, 

 Lugd. Bat., folio, 1731, Greek and Latin; 'Succincta Commentatio de 

 Pleuritide ej usque Curatione,' Frankfurt, Svo, 1740; 'De Veterum 

 Chirurgorum Arundinibus atque Habenis ad Art us male firmos con- 

 firmandos adhibitos,' Wittenberg, 4to, 1749; 'De Fame Lethali ex 

 Callosa Oris Ventriculi Angustia,' Wittenberg, 4to, 1750 ; 'De Clyste- 

 rum Nutrientium Antiquitate et Usu,' Wittenberg, 4to, 1750 ; ' De 

 Specificorum, sic dictorum, Remediorum Dubia Fide et Ambiguo 

 Effectu,' Wittenberg, 4to, 1751 ; 'De Hippocratis Studio Anatornico 

 Singulari,' Wittenberg, 4to, 1754; 'De Veritate Paradox! Hippo- 

 cratici, Nullam Medicinam interdum esse Optimam Medicinam,' 

 AVittenberg, 4to, 1754; 'De Scarificationis Oculorutn Historia, Anti- 

 quitate, et Origine,' Wittenberg, 4to, 1754 ; * De Remediis Veterum 

 Cosmeticis, eorumque Noxiis,' Wittenberg, 4to, 1757 ; ' In Locum 

 Pliuii de Morbo per Sapientiam Mori,' Wittenberg, 4to, 1757 ; ' Dis- 

 pensatorium Phartnaceuticum Universale,' Frankfurt, 4to, 1764 ; 'De 

 Morbo Cceliaco singular! a Celso descripto,' Wittenberg, 4to, 1765; 

 'Gepriifte Inokulation, ein Gedicht,' Frankfurt, 4to, 1766 : 'Opuscula 

 Medica ac Medico-Philologica, autea sparsim edita,' Frankfurt, 3 vols. 

 4 to, 1766-72 ; ' Gedicht von den Veranderungen in der Arzneykunst,' 

 Wittenberg, 4to, 1768 ; ' De Senilibus Morbis, diverse Modo a Salo- 

 mone et Hippocrate descriptis atque in. se comparatis,' Wittenberg, 

 4to, 1771 ; ' De Variis Veterum Medicorum Oculariorum Collyriis,' 

 Wittenberg, 4to, 1772. 



TRIMMER, SARAH, one of the most popular English writers for 

 the instruction of youth, was born at Ipswich, January 6, 1741. Her 

 father, Mr. Joshua Kirby, who is known as the author of ' Dr. Brooke 

 Taylor's Method of Perspective made Easy,' and ' The Perspective of 

 Architecture,' was a man of exemplary piety, and from him she 

 imbibed, at a very early age, sentiments of religion and virtue. When 

 she was about fourteen years old, her parents removed to London, 

 where Mr. Kirby became tutor in perspective to George III., then 

 prince of Wales, and subsequently to Queen Charlotte. Owing to this 

 change of residence, Miss Kirby was introduced to the sockty of 

 several eminent persons, among whom was Dr. Johnson, who was 

 much pleased with her mental attainments, and presented her with a 

 copy of his ' Rambler.' Being at this time separated from the society 

 of her young associates, she devoted much time to reading and drawing, 

 and obtained a prize from the Society of Arts. About the year 1759 Mr. 

 Kirby removed with his family to Kew, upon occasion of his appoint- 

 ment as clerk of the works at the palace at that place ; and during his 

 residence there, Miss Kirby became acquainted with Mr. Trimmer, to 

 whom she was married at the age of twenty -one. From that time until 

 the period when she became an author, Mrs. Trimmer was almost 

 entirely occupied with domestic duties and with the education of her 

 numerous family. Her literary labours were commenced about 1780, 



and were suggested by some of the popular works for the young then 

 recently published by Mrs. Barbauld. A small volume, entitled an 

 ' Easy Introduction to the knowledge of Nature,' was the first of the 

 aeries of popular works published by Mrs. Trimmer. It was followed, 

 in 1782 and the two following years, by six volumes, issued at various 

 times, of ' Sacred History, selected from the Scriptures, with Annota- 

 tions and Reflections adapted to the Comprehension of Young 

 Persons." Among Mrs. Trimmer's subsequent publications is a work 

 entitled ' The Economy of Charity,' addressed to ladies, and intended 

 to assist them in the formation and management of Sunday-schools 

 and other charitable institutions. The first edition appeared in 1786, 

 and it was soon followed by two others. After it had remained out 

 of print for some years, the author revised and enlarged it, adapting 

 it to the altered state of the institutions to which it refers, and re- 

 published it in 1801. The 'Family Magazine,' a book of instruction 

 principally for cottagers and servants, was carried on for a time by 

 Mrs. Trimmer, about the period of the original publication of the 

 'Economy of Charity;' and after the magazine was out of print, the 

 principal original papers were collected, and published as ' Instructive 

 Tales.' The ' Adele et Theodore ' of Madame de Genlis suggested to 

 Mrs. Trimmer, about 1787, the idea of publishing prints representing 

 events in history, accompanied by descriptions ; and in this way she 

 illustrated ancient history, the Old and New Testaments, and the 

 histories of Rome and England. The great imperfections of the old 

 system of instruction in charity-schools led her to writo superior 

 books for their use, to which she obtained the sanction of the Society 

 for Promoting Christian Knowledge. The desire to open the eyes of 

 the public to the mischievous character of various publications for 

 the use of children led to the commencement of a periodical work, 

 called the ' Guardian of Education,' containing essays on Christian 

 education, and reviews of books for the young ; but, after it had 

 extended to five octavo volumes, the over-exertion of Mrs. Trimmer 

 in this matter brought on an illness which compelled her to desist 

 from her labour. After her death, an ' Essay upon Christian Educa- 

 tion' was published separately, extracted from this work. In 1806 

 appeared ' A Comparative View of the New Plan of Education,' &c., 

 a work -designed to show the danger of too generalising a system of 

 education for the poor, which led to much useful discussion. The last 

 of Mrs. Trimmer's publications was a volume of sermons, selected 

 from the most eminent divines, and adapted for domestic use, under 

 the title of 'Family Sermons.' On the 15th of December 1810, with- 

 out any previous illness that could alarm her family, she bowed her 

 head aud died in the chair which she usually occupied in her study. 

 In 1814 appeared, in two octavo volumes, an ' Account of the Life 

 and Writings of Mrs. Trimmer,' from which work the materials of this 

 notice are derived. 



TRINCAVE'LLIUS, VICTOR (TRINCAVELLA or TRINCAVELA), was 

 born of a noble family at Venice in 1496. After a careful general 

 education, he went to study at Padua, and thence proceeded to 

 Bologna, where he remained for seven years, and gained such a know- 

 ledge of Greek, that, even in his pupilage, his teachers used to consult 

 him on questions of difficulty in interpretation. From Bologna he 

 returned to Padua, where he received the diploma of doctor of medi- 

 cine ; and thence to Venice, where he was appointed to a professor- 

 ship of philosophy, and obtained the highest reputation, ..not only iu 

 that capacity, but also in the practice of medicine. His fame was 

 greatly increased after his return from the island of Murano, whither 

 he had been sent by the Venetian government to take charge of the 

 sick during an epidemic, and where he showed such skill and courage, 

 that when he came back to Venice he was received with a kind of 

 triumph. In 1551, upon the death of Montanus, he was appointed 

 professor of medicine at Padua, with an unusually large stipend, in 

 consideration of the greater income from practice which he had 

 resigned. He remained at Padua till 1568, when he was sent by the 

 senate to attend a Venetian nobleman who was ill at Udina. Hia 

 advice was followed by the recovery of his patient, but the fatigue he 

 suffered and the infirmities of age brought on an illness of which he 

 died at Venice in the same year. 



The knowledge of Greek which Trincavellius acquired in Bologna 

 and by subsequent study, enabled him to contribute greatly by his 

 commentaries and lectures to the introduction of the works of the 

 writers in that language into the medical schools of Italy, in which 

 before his time, medicine had been taught almost exclusively from 

 the writings of the Arabian physicians. In his practice however he is 

 said to have followed the doctrines of the Arabian school. All his 

 medical works were published, with the title ' Opera Omuia,' in two 

 volumes folio, at Lyoii in 1586, and at Venice in 1599. The chief 

 interest of his writings lies in the completeness of the view which they 

 afford of the medical practice of the time and of the principles on 

 which it was founded ; for they contain many observations and letters 

 by others as well as by himself, and many cases and discussions upon 

 modes of treatment. The chief of them are : ' Duse Quaestionea 

 Medicae, altera num in lienis adfectibus secanda sit vena, qua3 est ad 

 aunularem digitum sinistree manus; altera, utrum in morborum 

 iuitiis, solum cum materies turget, purgantibus medicamentis uti 

 liceat,' first published at Padua in 1567 ; and ' Consilia medica post 

 cditiones Venetam et Lugdunensem accessione cxxviii. cousiliorum 

 locupletata, etc.,' Basel, 1587. In these editions of the ' Opera Omnia ' 





