177 



TROWBIUDQE, SIR THOMAS. 



TRUMAN, REV. JOSEPH, B.D. 



173 



the great architectural displays of a large city are of the same resem- 

 blance to one another which exist in the houses of one and the same 

 street. Each one has its own difficulties, its own objects, and its own 

 way of overcoming the first to meet the second. The great works of 

 Troughton are as well known in the astronomical world as those of 

 Wren in the architectural ; but he also applied himself to all the minor 

 branches of his business, and " of him it may be said with truth that 

 he improved and extended every instrument he touched, and that 

 every astronomical instrument was in its turn the subject of his 

 attention." " The instruments which facilitate navigation were pecu- 

 liarly objects of interest to Mr. Troughton ; and long after his infirmi- 

 ties were an effectual bar to the application of his most esteemed 

 friends, he exerted himself to supply the seamen with well-adjusted 

 and accurate sextants." The articles on astronomical instruments in 

 this work contain frequent references to Troughton's improvements. 

 He wrote one or two articles in the ' Philosophical Transactions,' and 

 several in Brewster's ' Cyclopaedia,' &c., references to which will be 

 found iu the memoir cited. 



TROWBRIDGE, SIR THOMAS. The date of the birth of this 

 eminent commander is not stated in any account we have met with, 

 but he is said to have been the son of Richard Trowbridge, Esq., of 

 Cavendish-street, or Cavendish-square, London. He was brought up 

 in the naval service under Admiral Sir Edward Hughes, in the East 

 Indies, was made a lieutenant in 1730, and a commander and post- 

 captaiu in 1782. After serving with approbation against the French 

 in India, Trowbridge returned to England iu 1785 as captain of the 

 ail udral's ship ; but he was soon afterwards sent with Commodore 

 (afterwards Admiral) Blankett upon a particular service in the Indian 

 seas. On his return from that expedition, in command of the Castor 

 frigate, of 32 guns, with a convoy of merchantmen in charge, he was 

 taken prisoner by the French ; but while he and about fifty of his 

 crew were being taken home in the Sanspareil, of 80 guns, they were 

 recaptured, that vessel being taken by Lord Howe in his great victory 

 of the 1st of June 1794. Lord Howe gave the command of the Sans- 

 pareil to Trowbridge ; and soon afterwards the Admiralty appointed 

 him to the Culloden, of 74 guns, which vessel he commanded in the 

 victory of February 14, 1797, under Earl St. Vincent. Having con- 

 tributed materially to the success of that day, he was sent with eight 

 ships of the line to support Kelson in the Mediterranean. He was 

 with the fleet which chased Bonaparte to Alexandria, but was pre- 

 vented from taking an active part in the battle of the Nile, August 1, 

 1798, by his ship running on a reef early in the afternoon, perhaps 

 owing to the circumstance that he had no chart of the bay, although 

 the other captains had. This accident observes Brenton, almost 

 broke the heart of the gallant captain ; but Nelson assured him that 

 no man could better afford to lose the laurels of the day, and said, in 

 a letter to Earl St. Vincent that his services merited the highest 

 rewards. " I have experienced," he says, " the ability and activity of 

 his mind and body. It was Trowbridgo who equipped the squadron 

 so soon at Syracuse ; it was Trowbridge who exerted himself after the 

 action ; it was Trowbridge who saved the Culloden, when none that I 

 know in the service would have attempted it; it is Trowbridge whom 

 I have left as myself at Naples; he is, as a friend and as an officer, a non- 

 pareil." The circumstances being represented to the Admiralty, the 

 officers of the Culloden were treated like those actually engaged in the 

 battle. In 1799 Trowbridge resigned-the blockade of Alexandria, in 

 which he had been engaged, to Sir Sidney Smith, and he was subse- 

 quently engaged about the coast of Italy in co-operating with the Rus- 

 sians and Aubtriuns, and reducing fortresses on the sea-coast. Among 

 his achievements in that year was the capture of the castle of St. Elmo, 

 which the Russians had declared it would require three months to 

 reduce, but which he, with his seamen and marines, and a few Russian 

 and Portuguese troops, took in fourteen days. In November 1799 

 Trowbridge was made a baronet as a reward for his services. He had 

 for some time previously borne the rank of commodore, and on his 

 return to England in 1801 he was selected by Earl St. Vincent to be 

 his captain of the Channel fleet, and was subsequently made a lord of 

 the Admiralty. In April 1804 he was made an admiral, and in 1805 

 ho was sent to the East Indies in the Blenheim, a 90-gun ship reduced 

 to 74 guns, with a convoy of ten merchant vessels. In 1806 the 

 Blenheim ran aground in the straits of Malacca, and was seriously 

 injured; but after repairing her in a temporary manner at Pulo- 

 Peuang, Trowbridge sailed in her under jury-masts to Madras, where 

 he was urged to leave her because of her dangerous condition. His 

 characteristic love of coping with difficulties led him to disregard these 

 warnings, and on the 12th of January 1807 he set sail for the Cape of 

 Good Hope. The Blenheim was last seen on the 1st of February, near 

 Madagascar, in a violent gale, and exhibiting signals of distress ; and 

 nothing was ever discovered respecting the fate of her crew. Trow- 

 bridge left a son and a daughter, the former, Sir Edward Thomas 

 Trowbridge, being also a distinguished naval officer. 

 ^TROY, FRANCIS DE, was born in 1648, and was the son of 

 Nicholas de Troy, under whom he commenced his studies, but at the 

 age of nineteen became a disciple of Nicholas Loir at Paris. At the 

 beginning of his career as an artist he painted historical subjects, which 

 however he partly abandoned, being more inclined to portrait-painting ; 

 but on being appointed- professor in the Academy, he had to paint, 

 according to custom, an historical picture, and cho&e for his subject 

 EIOG. D1V. VOL. VI. 



Mercury and Argus, which waa BO highly admired that he immediately 

 received commissions to paint several, both sacred and profane sub- 

 jects, among which was a very fine picture for the church of St. Geue"- 

 vieve. He likewise painted for the Duke of Maine a grand picture 

 containing fifty figures the size of life, representing ^Jneaa relating to 

 Dido and her court the history of hid adventures. 



Louis XIV. sent him to Munich to paint the portrait of the Princess 

 Anne Maria Christina, who was to be married to the dauphin. He 

 received the greatest encomiums for the beautiful colouring and the 

 delicate finishing of this portrait, and especially for preserving the 

 lively and intelligent expression of the countenance. Both the Floren- 

 tine and French writers agree in recommending the style and colouring 

 of De Troy. He died in 1730, aged eighty-five years. 



TROY, JOHN FRANCIS DE, born at Paris in 1676, was instructed 

 in his art by his father Francis. When he had made considerable 

 progress he went to Italy, and having studied at Pisa and Rome, 

 returned to Paris, where he acquired great reputation as an historical 

 painter, so that Louis XIV. conferred on him the order of St. Michael, 

 and afterwards appointed him director of the French Academy at 

 Rome, a station which he filled with great honour, setting a bright 

 example to the young students, not only by his own industry and 

 devotedness to his profession, but by his private virtues. He died in 

 1752, at the age of seventy-six years. 



The portraits of this artist and of his father, painted by themselves, 

 are placed among those of celebrated painters in the Florence Gallery. 



TRUEBA Y COSIO, TELESFORO DE, a Spaniard by birth, but 

 a novelist and dramatic writer in the English language, was born at 

 Santander in the north of Spain in 1805. His mother, a widow in 

 good circumstance?, fixed her residence at Paris, and the son was 

 educated at a Roman Catholic college in England. In 1828 he made 

 his first appearance as an English author with the three-volume 

 romance of ' Gomez Arias,' a tale of the wars of the Moors and 

 Spaniards, which attracted considerable attention as the production 

 of a foreigner, though the 'Sandoval* and ' Don Estevan ' of Llanos, 

 and ' Doblado's Letters from Spain/ by Blanco White, had preceded 

 it. It was followed in 1829 by 'The Castilian,' a story of the times 

 of Don Pedro the Cruel, and iu 1830 by the ' Romance of History 

 Spain,' forming part of a set of works in which it was intended to 

 illustrate the history of the different countries of Europe by a series 

 of fictitious narratives. In 1831 the author took fresh ground in a 

 tale of modern life, ' The Incognito, or Sins and Peccadilloes,' a delinea- 

 tion of manners at Madrid, which was followed by another satirical 

 novel, 'Paris and London.' A musical farce in one act, ' Call again 

 to-morrow,' which met with some success at the Lyceum in 1832, is 

 certainly remarkable as being written by a Spaniard, the whole tone 

 being that of a cockney. ' The Exquisites,' a more ambitious but less 

 successful attempt at regular comedy followed, then ' Mr. and Mrs. 

 Pringle,' ' The Man of Pleasure,' &c. As a historian Senor de Trueba 

 wrote for Constable's Miscellany a 'Life of Hernan Cortes,' 1829, and 

 a 'History of the Conquest of Peru,' 1830; but in both subjects he 

 had the misfortune to be followed by Prescott, whose finished pic- 

 tures have caused these sketches to be utterly forgotten. During the 

 production of these works the author resided in England, the prefaces 

 to most of his romances are dated from Richmond in Surrey. In 

 1834, at tEe time of the 'Estatuto Real,' he returned to Spain, was 

 chosen a member of the Cortes, and appointed by that body one of its 

 secretaries. Two pieces which he wrote for the Spanish stage, ' El 

 Veleta,' or the 'Weathercock,' and 'Casarse con 60,000 duros,' which 

 may be rendered 'The Marriage of Money,' had considerable success. 

 Being attacked by illness, he left Spain for Paris in search of advice, 

 and died in that city on the 4th of October 1835. 



TRUMAN, REV. JOSEPH, B.D., an English theological writer of 

 the 17th century, whose works have been long neglected and generally 

 forgotten, and of whose personal history very little is known, was 

 born in April 1631, probably at Gedling in Nottinghamshire, though 

 another account eays at Stoke in the same county. His family was 

 of respectable station, and his father appears to have at one time filled 

 some public office. He himself, after beginning his school education 

 at Gedling, under the minister of the parish, Mr. Lawrence Palmer, 

 who was a person of considerable learning, was removed to the free- 

 school at Nottingham, and thence proceeded to Cambridge, where he 

 was admitted a pensioner of Clave Hall. All that is known of him 

 after this is, that having finished his studies at the university, he was 

 inducted into the living of Cromwell, that he was ejected for refusing 

 to read the Book of Common Prayer soon after the passing of the Act 

 of Uniformity (in 1(J62), that he then resided for some years in Mans- 

 field, and that he died after a short illness in the house of a friend at 

 Button in Bedfordshire on the 29th of July 1671. 



Truman is the author of three small theological treatises : ' The 

 Great Propitiation,' published in 1669; 'An Endeavour to correct 

 some prevailing opinions contrary to the Doctrine of the Church of 

 England,' in 1671 ; and ' A Discourse of Natujal and Moral Impotency,' 

 the same year. All these performances are held by his admirers to 

 display extraordinary powers of ratiocination ; but the last is looked 

 upon as his best work. A new edition of it, with a ' Biographical 

 Introduction by Henry Rogers,' was published at London, in small 

 octavo, in 1834; and whatever may be thought of its right to the 

 rank claimed for it by its modern editor, it certainly deserved to be 



