

UHLAND, JOHANN LUDWIG. 



ULLOA, ANTONIO. 



226 



* UHLAND, JOHANN LUDWIG, a highly popular German poet, 

 was born at Tubingen, on April 26, 1787. He was educated in the 

 public schools of that town, and in 1805 commenced the study of law 

 in its university. He became an advocate, and in 1810 received the 

 degree of doctor of laws. His earliest songs were written in 1804, 

 but he first appeared in print in Sockendorfs ' Musenalmanach ' in 

 180(5 and 1807. He then contributed to the ' Poetischen Almanach,' 

 and to the 'Deutscher Dichterwald' in 1813. In the autumn of 1812 

 he began to practise as an advocate at Stuttgardt, and for a time 

 occupied a post in the office of the minister of justice. The national 

 movement against the French, during 1813-15 excited strong feelings 

 in Uhland, to which he gave vent in songs which rapidly became 

 popular. When in 1815 the king of Wiirtemberg proposed to give 

 his subjects a new constitution, a contest began between the adherents 

 of the old and the supporters of the new system. Uhland was a 

 vigorous supporter of the liberal party, and produced a number of 

 inspiring songs, of which the first collection was published in 1815, 

 having previously been distributed as single pieces ; and they have 

 since been issued in repeated editions the seventeenth was published 

 iu 1846 and in most of them with considerable additions. 



Uhland's strong political feelings at length led to a more active 

 participation in public affairs, and as he also, about the same time, 

 was paying great attention to science, there was a consequent interrup- 

 tion of his poetical effusions. From 1819 he sat as a member, at 

 first for Tubingen and afterwards for Stuttgardt, of the representa- 

 tive assembly of Wiirtemberg, in which his talents and his know- 

 ledge gained him great influence, and he was chosen chairman of many 

 of the select committees. In 1822 he published a work 'Uber 

 Walther von der Vogelweide,' his only literary production for many 

 years. In 1830 he was appointed professor extraordinary of the 

 German language and literature in the University of Tubingen, but 

 resigned the office in 1833, as he failed in obtaining a dispensation from 

 its duties when he was chosen a deputy to the Diet, iu which he was 

 one of the most influential and most esteemed members of the consti- 

 tutional opposition. In 1836 he issued a carefully written work, 

 derived from original sources, ' Uber den Mythus der nordische 

 Sagenlehre vom Thor' (on the myth of the northern legend of Thor). 

 At the new election which took place in 1839, Uhland, like most of 

 the members of the party with which he acted, declined coming 

 forward again, and lived for a time in a studious and quiet seclusion, 

 one result of which was the publication, in 1844-45, of an excellent 

 collection of the ' Alter hoch- und nieder-deutscher Volkblieder, 

 (Ancient High and Low German popular songs), to which however the 

 promised observations have not yet been supplied. His retirement 

 was interrupted in 1848 by the electoral division of Tubingen selecting 

 him as their representative to the united German National Assembly, 

 in which he acted as a member of the left, or extreme liberal party, 

 until its dissolution, when he again retired from public life. His 

 songs, ballads, and romances form the most valuable portion of 

 Uhland's literary works. His songs are distinguished by their spirit 

 and energy, their truth and depth of feeling, their lively and pictu- 

 resque representations of nature, and their varied subjects; his patriotic 

 songs in particular contain some most heart-stirring appeals to all the 

 better national feelings that were likely to rouse his countrymen, 

 and in them is a mixture of earnestness and jocularity, with a fervent 

 love of country, and aspirations after the great and good inspired by 

 the recollections of his ancestors. His ballads and romances are remark- 

 able for their apparent simplicity, the result of a most carefully 

 exercised art, shown by the extreme skill and felicity in the choice 

 of words, and the masterly way in which characters and manners are 

 sketched perfectly but briefly. A translation of some of his poems, 

 with a memoir by A. Platt, has been published in English. 



ULFILAS, or ULPHILAS, the most usual orthography of a name 

 of which it is thought that Vulfila, meaning ' Wolfling,' was the correct 

 form. Ulfilas, born about the year 318, was in the year 348 a bishop of 

 Goths, dwelling between the Danube and Mount Hsemus, who had 

 recently been converted to Christianity and had adopted Arianism. In 

 355 he accompanied his flock, who were compelled to migrate to Lower 

 "Icesia on account of their faith ; in 360 he was present at a synod at 

 Constantinople ; and in 388 he died in that city, to which he had found 

 occasion to make another visit. Though his name occurs with some 

 requency in the ecclesiastical history of his time it is in a philological 

 lot in a theological point of view that it has become remarkable. He 

 is mentioned by various ancient writers as being the author of 

 numerous works, and among others of a translation of the Scriptures 

 into the Gothic language, a circumstance the more noteworthy as he 

 was himself by descent a Cappadocian, his parents having been taken 

 by the Goths in a distant foray. This translation was said to in- 

 clude the whole of the Scriptures, except the books of Kings, which 

 it was stated that Ulfilas had refrained from translating from fear of 

 encouraging a warlike spirit among the already too warlike Goths. 

 The version was in constant use among the Gothic congregations in 

 Italy and elsewhere for some centuries, when it disappeared with the 

 language. In the 16th century, Anthony Morillon, secretary to the 

 Cardinal de Granvelle, found in the Monastery of Werden, near 

 Cologne, an ancient volume, containing portions of a translation of the 



riptures, which he at once conjectured to be the long lost Gothic 

 version. This volume, the subsequent vicissitudes of which were 



BIOG. DIV. VOL. VI. 



very singular, is now in the library of the University of Upaal and is 

 known under the name of the ' Codex Argenteus,' or Silver Volume, 

 from its being bound in solid silver. An additional interest now 

 attaches to it from the discovery first made by Ihre [IHEE] that the 

 letters in it were produced not by ordinary writing, but by a sort of 

 stencilling process, an early approach towards the art of printing. 

 The first edition of its contents was published by Francia Junius at 

 Dordrecht in 1665, a second by Zahn appeared at WeisBenfels in 1805, 

 in which were inserted some additional fragments, discovered by 

 Knittel in a palimpsest, in the library of Wolfenbuttel, and Cardinal 

 Mai and Count Castiglioni published between 1819 and 1839 several 

 additional fragments, which they had found in a palimpsest at Milan. 

 All of these are united in an exellent edition by von der Gabelenz 

 and Loebe, published at Leipzig between 1836 and 1846 in two 

 volumes quarto, including a Grammar and Glossary of the Gothic 

 language. This edition, with a translation of the German portions 

 into Latin by Tempestini, was reprinted by the Abb6 Migne at Paris 

 in 1848, as the 18th volume of the immense collection of his 'Patro- 

 logiac Cursus Completus.' As the earliest extant specimen of a Teuto- 

 nic language, and anterior by many centuries to any other, the labours 

 of Ulfilas have a value in the eyes of philologists, which it would be 

 difficult to overrate. Every fragment that is discovered throws light 

 on portions of the history of the German language and our own that 

 might otherwise remain in impenetrable darkness. There is a separate 

 work on the biography of Ulfilas by Waitz, ' Ueber das Leben und die 

 Lehre des Ulfila,' Hanover, 1840. 



* ULLMANN, KARL, was born at Epfenbach, near Morbach, in 

 Baden, on March 15, 1796. His early education was received in the 

 schools of Morbach and Heidelberg until 1812, and completed in the 

 Universities of Heidelberg and Tubingen. At Heidelberg he attended 

 the lectures of Hegel, Daub, and Creuzer, and in 1819, on a visit to 

 North Germany, he formed an intimacy with Schleiermacher, Neander, 

 and De Wette. In 1821 he was appointed professor extraordinai-y of 

 theology in the University of Heidelberg, having already distinguished 

 himself as a private teacher, and as an author in his essay 'Ober die 

 Siindlosigkeit Christi,' a work that has been frequently reprinted. In 

 1823 he published his essay, 'De Hypsistariis/ and in 1825 a mono- 

 graphy of ' Gregor von Nazianz, der Tbeolog,' both of which acquired 

 him considerable reputation. In 1828, in conjunction with his 

 colleague Umbreit, he commenced the issue of ' Theologische Studien 

 uud Kritiken,' a journal of sterling value and wholesome tendency. 

 In 1829 he was called as ordinary professor to the University of Halle, 

 where his instructive discourses and his mild manners acquired him 

 numerous friends. In the 'Theologischen Bedenken aus Veranlassung 

 des Angriffa der Evangelischen Kirchenzeitung auf den hallescheu 

 Rationalisnius,' (Theological Considerations occasioned by the Attacks 

 of the Evangelical Church Journal on the Rationalism professed in 

 Halle), published in 1830, he warmly pleaded for the freedom of 

 theological discussion. In 1834 he published ' Johann Wessel, ein Vor- 

 ganger Luthers ' (John Wessel, a forerunner of Luther), an excellent 

 work, which he enlarged in 1841-42, and published under the title of 

 ' Reformatoren vor der Reformation, vornehmlich in Deutschland und 

 den Niederlanden,' which has been translated into English. In 1836 

 he resigned his professorship at Halle, and returned to Heidelberg, 

 where he taught theology and wrote among other works, ' Historisch 

 oder mythisch,' 1838, directed against the doctrines of Strauss; 

 'Cultus des Genius," 1840, written, in conjunction with Schwab, and 

 'Uber den Deutschkatholicismus,' with Huber, in 1847; and from 

 his own pen he also produced 'Fiir die Zukunft der evangelischen, 

 Kirche Deutschlands" (Of the future of the evangelical Church in 

 Germany), 1846; 'Uber die Gleichberechtigung der Confessionem' 

 (On the equal authority of the Confessions of Faith), 1848 ; ' Uber 

 die Geltung der Majoritaten in der Kirche' (On the Value of a Majority 

 in the Church), 1850; and ' Uber das Wesen des Cbristenthums' (On 

 the Nature of Christianity), of which a fourth edition was published 

 in 1855. Nearly all his works have gone through more than one 

 edition, most of them have been translated into Dutch, and several 

 of them into English, French, and Danish. In 1853 he was nominated 

 an evangelical prelate and a member of the Upper Church Council in 

 Heidelberg, since which time he has taken an active part in endeavour- 

 ing to produce a Christian union among the sects in Baden, and a 

 better position for the ministers of the Church in that country. 



ULLOA, ANTO'NIO, was born in Seville on the 12th of January 

 1716. He was educated for the naval service, in which more than one 

 member of the family from which he sprung had distinguished them- 

 selves. He was admitted in 1733 into the company of royal marine 

 guards. In 1735 he was selected in consequence of the distinguished 

 progress he had made in mathematics and in the theory of his pro- 

 fession, along with Jorge Juan, to accompany the French Academi- 

 cians to South America, to measure a degree of the meridian at 

 the equator. Both the young mariners (Ulloa was at this time only 

 in his twentieth and Juan in his twenty-third year) were promoted to 

 the rank of lieutenant in the navy on receiving this appointment. 



The squadron in which Ulloa and his companion embarked sailed 

 from Cadiz in May 1785, and landed them at Carthagena on the 9th 

 of July. They did not return to Spain till the year 1746. The whole 

 of the intervening period was not however devoted to scientific 

 measurements. They were detained five months at Carthagena wait- 



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