31 



WARREN, JOSEPH. 



WARTON, JOSEPH, D.D. 



632 



in 1802. After the peaco of Amiens Sir J. B. Warren was made a privy- 

 councillor, and sent out as ambassador extraordinary and minister 

 plenipotentiary to St. Petersburg, where he conducted some important 

 and delicate negotiations with great ability. On the breaking out of the 

 war with America in 1812, he commanded for a short time on that 

 station; but this was his last service. He died at Greenwich, on the 

 27th of February 1822. Sir John Borlase Warren is understood to 

 have been the author of ' A View of the Naval Force of Great Britain,' 

 &c., published anonymously, in 8vo, in 1791. 



WARREN, JOSEPH, was born at Roxbury, near Boston, Massa- 

 chusetts, in 1740 : he graduated at Harvard College in 1759 ; and after 

 leaving college he studied medicine, and obtained, while yet young, 

 an eminent position among the medical practitioners of Boston. From 

 1768 till the commencement of hostilities, ho was a leading member 

 of the secret committee, or caucus, which directed the movements of 

 the citizens of Boston. He was engaged in the affair of Lexington ; 

 and when Hancock left Boston to take part in the Congress at Phila- 

 delphia, was chosen president of the provincial congress, and received 

 the commission of major-general. Four days later the battle of 

 Bunker's Hill was fought, and Warren, who had thrown himself into 

 the lines to encourage the Provincials, was killed by a ball which 

 struck his head at the moment they began to retreat. He fell in his 

 thirty-fifth year. The moral and intellectual character of Warren 

 stands high; he had displayed great ability as an agitator, but his 

 premature death has left it uncertain whether he possessed in an 

 equal degree the talents of the officer or statesman. 



WARREN, SIR PETER, K.B., was born -in Ireland in 1703, and 

 was descended from a family long settled in that country. Having 

 gone early to sea, he received his first command in 1727, and had 

 distinguished himself in various parts of the world, both by his good 

 conduct and his good fortune, when, in 1745, he was sent out with a 

 small armament to surprise Louisbourg, the capital of Cape Breton. 

 The town and the whole island surrendered on the 15th of June ; and 

 for this service Warren was immediately made a rear-admiral of the 

 blue, and after his return home rear-admiral of the white. In the 

 beginning of 1747 he was appointed second in command, under Anson, 

 of a fleet sent out to intercept two French squadrons, the one bound 

 for America, the other for the East Indies ; when the former, whose 

 object was the recovery of Louisbourg, was fallen in with, and 

 effectually disabled. For his share in this affair Warren was rewarded 

 with the Order of the Bath, and soon after made a vice-admiral of the 

 white. The next year he was made vice-admiral of the red. Mean- 

 while, in the autumn of 1747, in the height of a popularity to which 

 his private virtues contributed as well as his public services, he had 

 been returned to Parliament for Westminster. A few years after this, 

 in 1752, the general estimation in which he was held brought him a 

 more singular compliment : the inhabitants of the Ward of Billings- 

 gate, in the city of London, having lost their alderman, insisted, 

 despite his earnest remonstrance, aud a present of 200, upon electing 

 Warren, who had recently been made ftv-e of the Goldsmiths' Company, 

 to the vacant post ; and eventually he was obliged to pay the fine of 

 50QI. to avoid serving. Warren died, after a short illness, on the 29th 

 of July 1752, while on a visit to his native country. He was buried 

 in Westminster Abbey, where there is a monument to him by 

 Roubiliac. 



* WARREN, SAMUEL, was born in Denbighshire in 1807, the son 

 of a AVesleyan minister, of the same name, who had some literary 

 reputation. He at first studied medicine, but changing his purpose he 

 entered himself as a student of the Inner Temple, and was called to 

 the bar in 1837. Between 1830 and 1838 he contributed a series of 

 tales to Blackwood's Magazine' under the title of 'Passages from the 

 Diary of a late Physician,' which probably his early studies had given 

 him some hints for. They were written with much power occasion- 

 ally with much exaggeration and generally possessed the painful 

 interest attending the developement of crime or woe. They however 

 attracted attention, were reprinted in a separate form, and have been 

 republished since. To this succeeded ' Ten Thousand a Year,' also 

 first commenced in Blackwood, in 1839, and then published as a 

 separate work. It was a work of more ambitious aim than his 

 previous sketches, aud evinces considerable talent, but is greatly dis- 

 figured and the interest damaged by an obtrusive political one-sided- 

 ness running through the whole. A second novel, ' Now and Then,' 

 has less of this fault, but is greatly inferior to its predecessor in 

 general effect and power. On being called to the bar Mr. Warren soon 

 distinguished himself as an able pleader, and he showed that in his 

 literary labours he had not sunk those of his profession. In 1835 he 

 had published a ' Popular and Practical Introduction to Law Studies,' 

 a work of great value, which he subsequently rewrote and enlarged 

 under the title of ' A Popular and Practical Introduction to Law 

 Studies, and to every department of the Legal Profession, Civil, 

 Criminal, and Ecclesiastical, with an Account of the State of the Law 

 in Ireland and Scotland, and occasional Illustrations from American 

 Law,' published ^ in 1845. In 1837 he published 'Select Extracts 

 from Blackstone's Commentaries, with a Glossary, Questions, and 

 Notes,' and he afterwards published 'Blackstone's Commentaries 

 abridged, with additions/ which attained a second edition in 1856. 

 In 1840 ho published a pamphlet on ' The Opium Question,' which 

 ran throxigh four editions within the year. In 1848 he published the 



1 Moral, Social, aud Professional Duties of Attorneys and Solicitor?.' 

 In 1851 he was made a Queen's Counsel, and in the same year issued 

 a pamphlet ' The Queen or the Pope, the Question considered in its 

 political, legal, and religious aspects, in a letter to S. H. Walpole.' 

 In 1852 he published ' A Manual of the Parliamentary Election Law 

 of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,' which was 

 followed in 1853 by 'The Law and Practice of Election Committees, 

 being the completion of a Manual of Parliamentary Election Law.' 

 In 1854 he was elected recorder of Hull, in which capacity he has 

 made some excellent charges to the Grand Juries, some of which 

 have been published. In 1856 he was elected member of parliament 

 for Midhurst, for which place he was again returned to the new par- 

 liament in 1857. As a member of parliament he has taken an active 

 share in the proceedings of the Conservative party. In addition to 

 the works above named he has written ' The Intellectual and Moral 

 Improvement of the present Age,' of which a third edition was pub- 

 lished in 1854; 'Labour, its Rights, Difficulties, Dignity, and Conso- 

 lations,' 1856 ; he is also known to have been a frequent contributor 

 to Blackwood's Magazine. In 1851, after the opening of the Great 

 Industrial Exhibition, he published a work, we believe his only printed 

 attempt at poetry, written in broken lines, unrhymed, called ' The 

 Lily and the Bee.' 



WARTON, JOSEPH, D.D., was the eldest son of the Rev. Thomas 

 Warton, professor of poetry in the University of Oxford, and after- 

 wards vicar of Basingstoke, Hampshire, and Cobham, Surrey ; and of 

 Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Joseph Richardson, rector of Duns- 

 ford, Surrey. He was bom at Dunsford, in the house of his maternal 

 grandfather, in 1722; was educated, till ho reached his fourteenth 

 year, principally at home by his father ; was then admitted on the 

 foundation of Winchester College, whence he went to Oriel College, 

 Oxford, in 1740. Having taken his degree of B.A. in 1744, he was 

 ordained to the curacy of his father's vicarage of Basingstoke ; and 

 here he officiated till he removed, in February 1746, on the death of 

 his father, to Chelsea, where he was curate for about a year. After 

 this he held for a few months the curacy of Chawton aud Droxford in 

 Hampshire, and then returned to Basingstoke. In 1748 he was pre- 

 sented by the Duke of Bolton to the rectory of Winslade, in the 

 neighbourhood of Basingstoke; upon which, although the living was 

 but a poor one, he immediately married Miss Damon, to whom he had 

 been for some time attached. 



One of Warton's schoolfellows at Winchester was Collins, afterwards 

 the celebrated poet ; aud they two and another boy had iu those early 

 days been poetical contributors to the ' Gentleman's Magazine.' 

 Warton's next printed composition appears to have been his ode 

 entitled ' Superstition,' which he sent from Chelsea to Dodsley's 

 ' Museum,' in April 1746. The same year he published a volume of 

 Odes and other poems, in the same month, it is said, in which hia 

 friend Collins printed his ' Odes, Descriptive, and Allegorical.' In 

 this or the next year also, he joined his brother Thomas in publishing 

 by subscription a volume of his father's poems. In 1749 appeared his 

 ' Ode to Mr. West ' (Gilbert West, the translator of Pindar.) 



In 1751 Warton accepted the invitation of his patron the Duke of 

 Bolton to accompany him on a tour to the south of France, with the 

 understanding that he should be in readiness, immediately on the 

 death of the duchess, then in a confirmed dropsy, to marry his grace 

 to his mistress, Miss Lavinia Fenton, the actress. This engagement 

 appears to have been thoughtlessly made by Warton, who, after all, 

 left the duke before the duchess died, and when he, upon that event, 

 solicited permission to return, learned to his mortification that the 

 marriage had been performed by another clergyman. After his return 

 to England, Warton published an edition of Virgil, accompanied with 

 a new verse translation of the ' Eclogues' and 'Georgics' by himself, 

 and one of the ' ^Eneid ' by Christopher Pitt, aud illustrated by 

 numerous notes and dissertations. The translation was intended to 

 be an improvement upon that of Dryden, but its greater correctness is 

 obtained at a considerable sacrifice of ease and spirit. The work, 

 which appeared in 1753, brought Warton great reputation at the 

 time ; and is stated to have been the ground upon which he was 

 honoured by the University of Oxford with a diploma of M.A. in 

 1759. 



Among the most popular of Warton's literary performances are 

 some papers on critical subjects, which he contributed to Dr. Hawkes- 

 worth's periodical publication, the 'Adventurer,' in 1753. In 1754 ha 

 sent some of his early poetical productions to Dodsley's Collections, 

 then in course of publication. That year he was instituted to the 

 living of Tunworth, on the presentation of the Jervoise family ; in 



1755 he was elected second master of Winchester school; and in 



1756 his friend Sir George Lyttelton, on being made a peer, nominated 

 him one of his chaplains. He now published in 1756 the first volume, 

 in 8vo, of the work by which he is principally known, his ' Essay on 

 the Writings aud Genius of Pope.' It appeared without his name, 

 but his authorship of it seems to have been generally known from the 

 first. This is the work in which the principles of what has been 

 called tho Warton school of poetical criticism will be found to be 

 most systematically expounded ; although the same mode of thinking 

 is to be detected in all the critical writings of the two brothers. 

 Although the author was far from disputing the great merit of Pope 

 in his own walk of poetry, and only contended that his was not the 



