639 



WARWICK, EARL OF. 



WASHINGTON, GEORGE. 



510 



14th of March, 1471, Edward, secretly assisted by his brother-in-law 

 the Duke of Burgundy, landed at Ravenspur, in Yorkshire. First 

 Clarence was won over, and then the Archbishop of York. On the 14th 

 of April the two armies met at Barnet; and there the Lancastrians 

 were defeated : and Warwick, their commander, and his brother, 

 Montague, skin. Their bodies were afterwards exposed for three 

 days in St. Paul's, and then interred in the abbey of Bisham, in 

 Berkshire. 



By hia wife, Anne de Beauchamp, who survived him many years, 

 and was after his death reduced to great poverty, till she was restored 

 to her estates by act of parliament after the accession of Henry VII., 

 the Earl of Warwick left only the two daughters already mentioned. 

 The eldest, Isabella, who died in 1477, had by her husband, the Duke 

 of Clarence, who was put to death in 1473, a son Edward, who was 

 atyled Earl of Warwick, and was beheaded on Tower Hill in 1499 ; and 

 a daughter Margaret, who was created Countess of Salisbury in 1513, 

 and was also executed on Tower Hill, at the age of seventy, in 1541. 

 By her husband, Sir Reginald Pole, knight, she was the mother of the 

 celebrated Cardinal Pole, and of three other sons and a daughter. 

 Warwick's second daughter, Anne, whose first husband, Edward, 

 Prince of Wales, was murdered in 1471, after the battle of Tewkes- 

 bury, was married the next year to the Duke of Gloucester, afterwards 

 Richard III., and died in 1485. By Richard she had one son, Edward, 

 who was born in 1473, and died in 1484. 



WARWICK, JOHN DUDLEY, EARL OF, and DUKE OF 

 NORTHUMBERLAND, KG., was the eldest sou of Edmund Dudley, 

 Esq., a grandson of the Lord Dudley, and infamous as the instrument, 

 along with Empson, of the extortions of Henry VII., for his share in 

 which he was beheaded on Tower Hill, 18th August 1510. His 

 mother was Elizabeth Grey, daughter of Edward Viscount L'Isle (his 

 father's second wife) ; and he was born in the year 1502. The 

 attainder of Edmund Dudley was reversed the year after his execu- 

 tion ; and his widow having in 1523 married Arthur Plautagenet, a 

 natural son of Edward IV., her son was brought to court, where he 

 attached himself to the suite of the reigning favourite, Charles Brandon, 

 Duke of Suffolk. This same year he received the honour of knight- 

 hood for the gallantry he had shown while attending the duke on his 

 expedition to France. After this he successively enjoyed the patron- 

 age of Wolsey and Cromwell, the former of whom gave him, in 1535, 

 the office of master of the armoury of the Tower, and by the interest 

 of the latter of whom, when Anne of Cleves was brought over, he was 

 appointed master of the horse to the new queen. The fall of Crom- 

 well, in 1540, did not deprive Sir John Dudley of the king's favour; 

 as may sufficiently appear "by hia being raised in 1542 to the peerage 

 by the title of Viscount L'Isle (which had been enjoyed by his mother's 

 second husband, recently deceased), and by his being soon after elected 

 a Knight of the Garter. In 1543 he was made lord high admiral for 

 life. The same year, having being principally instrumental in the 

 capture of Boulogne, he was appointed to the government of that 

 place as the king's lieutenant ; and in 1546 he received a patent con- 

 stituting him commander of all the king's forces at sea for the .war 

 against France. Finally, the Viscount L'Isle was one of the sixteen 

 persons nominated by Henry in his will as his executors for carrying 

 on the government during the minority of his successor. 



For some time Dudley went, to all appearance cordially enough, 

 along with the majority of the council of government, or rather with 

 the whole of that body after Southampton was turned out, in sup- 

 porting the authority of the Ea.rl of Hertford, now become Duko of 

 Somerset and Protector of the Realm. It had been originally intended 

 to make him Earl of Coventry; but on the 17th of February 1547, he 

 was created Earl of Warwick, his pretension to which, ancient dignity 

 consisted in his mother having been the daughter of John Talbot, 

 the first Viscount L'lsle, whose mother was Margaret Beauchamp, a 

 daughter by his first wife, of Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, 

 who died in 1439. Before the end of the year also he exchanged his 

 post of high admiral (which was wanted for Somerset's brother Sir 

 Thomas Seymour, made at the same time Baron Seymour of Sudley) 

 for that of lord great chamberlain. 



Warwick had greatly distinguished ^himself in the expedition to 

 Scotland in the autumn of 1547, and in the battle of Pinkey, gained 

 over the Scots on the 10th of September; and when it was found 

 necessary to send an armed force against the Norfolk rebels in the 

 summer of 1549, " that noble chieftain and valiant earl," as Holinshed 

 calls him, was thought the fittest person to be entrusted with the 

 command. The rebels were attacked, and their whole force dispersed, 

 by the earl at Dussingdale on the 10th of August. Soon after this 

 we find Warwick openly disputing the supremacy with the Protector. 

 According to Burnet, his instigator was the ex-chancellor Southampton, 

 who, although no longer taking any share in the government, was at 

 this time secretly exerting all his industry to make a party against 

 Somerset. The course and issue of the contest between the two rivals 

 are related under the head of EDWARD VI. Somerset was deposed 

 from his office of Protector and sent to the Tower in October of this 

 year ; then there was an apparent reconcilement between the old and 

 the new dictator, during which, in the beginning of June 1550, War- 

 wick's eldest son, Lord L'Isle, was married to Somerset's daughter, 

 the Lady Anne Seymour. Warwick was created Duke of Northum- 

 berland on the llth of October 1551 ; and Somerset was brought to 



the block on the 22nd of January 1552. In the beginning of May 

 following the Duke of Northumberland's fourth son, the Lord Guild- 

 ford Dudley, was married to the Lady Jane Grey, daughter of Frances, 

 duchess of Suffolk, and great-granddaughter of Henry VII., through 

 his daughter the Princess Mary, who had been married first to Louis 

 XII. of France, and then to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. Edward 

 died on the 6th of July, leaving the succession by will to Lady Jane 

 Grey (or Dudley). The event was kept concealed for a few days; but 

 at last, on the evening of the 10th, Lady Jane was proclaimed queen. 

 On the 14th, Northumberland left London at the head of a force of 

 6000 foot and 2000 horse, to meet the adherents of Mary : he advanced 

 as far as St. Edinund's-bury, and then returned to Cambridge, where, 

 losing all hope, he proclaimed Queen Mary on the 20th. But the 

 same day he was arrested by the Earl of Arundel; on the 25th he was 

 committed to the Tower; on the 18th of August he was arraigned of 

 high treason, along with his eldest son, before the lord high steward, 

 in Westminster Hall : both were found guilty, but only the father 

 was executed; he suffered on Tower Hill on Tuesday the 22nd of 

 August. To the general surprise he professed in his last moments 

 that he died " in the true Catholic " (meaning the Roman Catholic) 

 faith ;' and that, notwithstanding his profession of Protestantism, this 

 had been his real religion all his life. 



By his wife Jane, daughter of Sir Edward Guildford, who died in 

 1555, in her forty-sixth year, Northumberland had eight sons and fiva 

 daughters. Of the sons two died before their father, the eldest, 

 Henry, having been killed at the age of nineteen at the siege of 

 Boulogne ; the third, John, styled Earl of Warwick, who was con- 

 demned along with his father, but reprieved, died in October 1554, a 

 few days after being released from custody; the fourth, Guildford, was 

 executed, along with his wife, the Lady Jane Grey, on the 12th of 

 February 1554; the fifth, Ambrose, was restored in blood by Queen 

 Elizabeth, was created Baron L'Isle, 25th December 1561, and the 

 next day Earl of Warwick, and died without issue in 1589 ; the sixth, 

 Robert, was the famous Earl of Leicester, the powerful favourite of 

 the next reign ; the seventh, Henry, was killed at the siege of St. 

 Quintin's in 1557 ; the eighth died young. 



WASHINGTON, GEORGE, was born at Bridges Creek, in West- 

 moreland county, Virginia, on the 22nd of February 1732. The first 

 of the family who settled in Virginia came from Northampton, but 

 their ancestors are believed to have been from Lancashire, while the 

 ancient stock of the family is traced to the De Wessyngtons of 

 Durham. George Washington's father, Augustine, who died after i\ 

 sudden and short illness in 1743, was twice married. At his death he 

 left two surviving sons by the first marriage, and by the second four 

 sons (of whom George was the eldest) and a daughter. The mother 

 of George Washington survived to see her son president. Augustine 

 Washington left all his children in a state of comparative indepen- 

 dence : to his eldest son by the first marriage he left an estate (after- 

 wards called Mount Vernon) of twenty-five hundred acres, and shares 

 in iron-works situated in Virginia and Maryland ; to the second, an 

 estate in Westmoreland. Confiding in the prudence of his widow, he 

 directed that the proceeds of all the property of her children should 

 be at her disposal till they should respectively come of age : to George 

 were left the lands and mansion occupied by his father at his decease : 

 to each of the other sons an estate of six or seven hundred acres : a 

 suitable provision was made for the daughter. 



George Washington was indebted for all the education he received 

 to one of the common schools of the province, in which little was 

 taught beyond reading, writing, and accounts. He left it before he 

 bad completed his sixteenth year : the last two years of his attendance 

 had been devoted to the study of geometry, trigonometry, and survey- 

 ing. He had learned to use logarithms. It is doubtful whether he 

 ever received any instruction in the grammar of his own language : he 

 never even commenced the study of the classical languages ; and 

 although, when the French officers under Rochambeau were in 

 America, he attempted to acquire their language, it appears to have 

 been without success. From his thirteenth year he evinced a turn for 

 mastering the forms of deeds, constructing diagrams, and preparing 

 tabular statements. His juvenile manuscripts have been preserved ; 

 the handwriting is neat, but stiff. During the last summer he was at 

 school he surveyed the fields adjoining the school-house and the 

 adjoining plantations, entering his measurements and calculations in a 

 respectable field-book. He compiled about the same time, from 

 various sources, ' Rules of Behaviour in Company and Conversation.' 

 Some selections in rhyme appear in his manuscripts, but the passages 

 appear to have been selected for the moral or religious sentiments 

 they express, not from any taste for poetry. When a boy, he was fond 

 of forming his schoolmates into companies, who paraded and fought 

 mimic battles, in which he always commanded one of the parties. 

 He cultivated with ardour all athletic exercises. His demeanour and 

 conduct at school are said to have won the deference of the other 

 boys, who were accustomed to make him the arbiter of their disputes. 



From the time of his leaving school till the latter part of 1753, 

 Washington was unconsciously preparing himself for the great duties 

 he had afterwards to discharge. An attempt made to have him 

 entered in the royal navy, in 1746, was frustrated by the interposition 

 of his mother. The winter of 1748-49 he passed at Mount Vernon, 

 then the seat of his brother Lawrence, in the study of mathematics 



