WASHINGTON, CAPT. JOHN, R.N., F.R.S. 



WATERLAND, DANIEL. 



550 



little, and that only in agriculture and English history. Hia corre- 

 spondence became necessarily extensive, and with journalising his 

 agricultural proceedings occupied most of his leisure hours within 

 doors. On the whole his character was in its mass perfect, in nothing 

 bad, in a few points indifferent ; and it may truly be said, that never 

 did nature and fortune combine more perfectly to make a man great, 

 and to place him in the same constellation with whatever worthies 

 have merited from man an everlasting remembrance. For his was the 

 singular destiny and merit of leading the armies of his country suc- 

 cessfully through an arduous war for the establishment of its inde- 

 pendence : of conducting its councils through the birth of a govern- 

 ment new in its forms and principles, until it had settled down into a 

 quiet and orderly train ; and of scrupulously obeying the laws through 

 the whole of his career, civil and military, of which the history of the 

 world furnishes no other example." 



(Lives of Washington by Jared Sparkes, Judge Marshall, and Wash- 

 ington Irving ; George Tucker, Life of Thomas Jefferson ; The Writings 

 of George Washington, edited by Jared Sparkes.) 



* WASHINGTON, CAPTAIN JOHN, R.N., F.R.S., Hydrographer 

 to the British Admiralty, entered the navy on the 15th of May 1812, 

 as a first-class volunteer on board the Junon, of 46 guns, Captain 

 James Sanders, fitting for the North American station, where he took 

 part in many operations in the river Chesapeake, assisted in making 

 prize of several of the enemy's vessels, and contributed (the Junon 

 being accompanied by the Narcissus and Barrosa frigates) to the com- 

 plete discomfiture of fifteen gun-boats that had been despatched for 

 the express purpose of capturing the Junon, after an action, fought on 

 the 20th of June 1813, of three hours, in which the latter had only 

 two men killed and three wounded. Removing, as midshipman, in 

 the following October to the Sybille, 44, he sailed in that ship in 1814, 

 under Captain Thomas Forrest, with the Princess Caroline, 74, Captain 

 Hugh Downman, for the latitude of Greenland, in fruitless pursuit of 

 the American commodore Rogers. In November of the same year, 

 having returned to England, he entered the Royal Naval College at 

 Portsmouth. On leaving that institution he was received, in May 1816, 

 on board the Forth, 40, Captain Sir Thomas Louis, under whom he 

 was again employed for upwards of three years on the coast of North 

 America. He then in succession, in July 1819 and August 1820, joined 

 the Vengeur, 74, Captain Frederick Lewis Maitland, and the Superb, 

 78, Captains Thomas White and Adam Mackenzie, both on the South 

 American station, where he remained until some months after his 

 promotion to the rank of lieutenant, which took place on the 1st of 

 January 1821. His next appointments were, on the 15th of February 

 1823, as first lieutenant to the Parthian, of 10 guns, Captain the Hon. 

 George Barrington, employed on particular service ; on the 14th of 

 May 1827, after about two years of half-pay, to the Weazle, 10, Captain 

 John Burnet Dundas, whom -he accompanied to the Mediterranean ; 

 on the 12th of December following, to the Dartmouth, 42, Captain 

 Thomas Fellowes, on the latter station ; and on the 6th of August 

 1830, to the Royal George, 120, as flag-lieutenant to Sir John Poo 

 Beresford, commander-in-chief at the Nore, continuing to serve under 

 that officer in the Ocean, 80, until advanced to the rank of commander 

 on the 14th of August 1833. 



To the active service consequent upon his various appointments, 

 Commander Washington had united the practice of maritime surveying 

 and the related pursuits of a scientific hydrographer and geographer. 

 In 1835 he succeeded Captain Maconochie as secretary of the Royal 

 Geographical Society of London, but resigned that office in 1841, on 

 being appointed to continue the survey of the North Sea, which had 

 for some time been in progress. In the Report of the Council of the 

 Society for that year, it is recorded, that " To hia enlightened and 

 unceasing activity must be ascribed in no ordinary degree the great 

 advance which the society has made in securing the confidence and 

 good opinion of the public, and the increasing interest which is now so 

 extensively felt in geographical discoveries and investigations." For 

 the purposes of the survey, he had the command of a steam-vessel 

 and of an accompanying tender, being appointed to the Shearwater 

 steamer on the 16th of March 1841, and to the Blazer on the 29th of 

 January 1843. In these vessels he carried on the minute examinatim 

 of the North Sea between the latitudes of 52 10' and the Dutch and 

 Belgian coasts, and further north towards the Baltic, in completion of 

 the work of the late Captain Hewitt, R.N. During this survey, in 

 which he was continually engaged until the close of 1844, he was 

 occasionally occupied in correcting the existing charts, as the positions 

 of the shoals and the directions of the navigable channels had in 

 many cases become changed ; of which singular instances occurred in 

 Yarmouth Roads, through which so many thousand vessels annually 

 pass. On the 16th of March 1842 he had been promoted to the naval 

 rank he now holds, that of post-captain, in compliment to the King 

 of Prussia. The survey was Captain Washington's last service afloat. 

 On the 25th of January 1845 he was appointed a commissioner for 

 inquiring into the state of the rivers, shores, and harbours of the 

 United Kingdom. He was subsequently employed in the Railway and 

 Harbour department of the Admiralty ; and, on the retirement of 

 Rear- Admiral Sir Francis Beaufort, he was elevated to the office of 

 Hydrographer to the Admiralty on the 30th of January 1855, the 

 highest position to which a marine surveyor in the Royal Navy can 

 aspire, and the honour of which is equalled only by its responsibility. 



When the nature of the duties of this office involving the superin- 

 tendence of the national marine surveys and of the construction and 

 revision of the charts on which they are laid down, and which are the 

 guides of navigators in every sea and the union of scientific with 

 professional qualifications they require, are considered, it must, as a 

 position, be regarded as the high and appropriate reward for previous 

 services in the department to which it belongs. 



On the 3rd of September 1833, Captain Washington married 

 Eleonora, youngest daughter of the Rev. H. Askew, rector of Gray- 

 stock in Cumberland, by whom he has issue. 



He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on the 13th of 

 February 1845, is also a fellow of the Geological and a member of the 

 Royal Geographical societies, and an associate (or non-professional 

 member) of the Institution of Civil Engineers : also a member of the 

 Royal Academy of Sciences of Copenhagen, and of the Geographical 

 societies of Berlin and Paris. In the 'Journal of the Royal Geo- 

 graphical Society ' will be found the following communications by 

 Captain Washington : ' Geographical Notice of the Empire of 

 Marocco,' vol. i. ; ' Sketch of the Progress of Geography and of the 

 Labours of the Society in 1837-38 ;' ' Account of Mohainmedu-Sisef, 

 a Mandingo,' vol. viii. ; ' Analyses of Von Hiigel's Kaschmir and the 

 Kingdom of the Sikhs,' and of ' Raper's Navigation and Nautical 

 Astronomy,' vol. x. ; ' Analysis of the Government Marine Atlas of 

 Prussia,' vol. xiv. 



WAT TYLER. fRiCHARD II.] 



WATELET, CLAUDE-HENRI, receveur-ge'ne'ral des finances, was 

 born at Paris in 1718. Watelet is distinguished as one of the best 

 French critical writers upon art, and he was also an excellent 

 amateur painter and copper-plate etcher. He was the son of Henri 

 Watelet, receveur-ge'ne'ral des finances de 1'Orleanois, and was educated 

 at the college of Harcourt. He visited Germany and Italy in his 

 youth, and spent some time at Rome, where he formed a friendship 

 with the French painter Pierre, and became one of the pupils of the 

 French school at Rome. He returned to France, and after spending a 

 short time in society in Paris, he retired to the country-seat of Mouliu- 

 joli, belonging to Madame Le Comte. Here he wrote his didactic 

 poem, ' L'Art de Peindre,' which was published in 1761. In the same 

 year he was elected a member of the French Academy. He published 

 also, near the same time, the first part of a work entitled 'De 1'Origiue 

 et de la Destination des Arts Liberaux:' the second part was never 

 published. After this time he paid a second visit to Italy, in company 

 with his friend Madame Le Comte and the Abbe" Copette, having pre- 

 viously visited Holland and Belgium. He was everywhere well received 

 on his journey, and was much noticed by the King of Sardinia and 

 the pope Rezzonico, Clement XIII. He was made member of the 

 academies Delia Crusca and of Cortona, and of the Institute of 

 Bologna. After his return to France a second time, he published, in 

 1774, his 'Essai sur les Jardins;' and in 1784 was published a 'Recueil 

 de quelques Ouvrages de M. Watelet.' This collection contains several 

 dramas, some of which have been acted. He died in 1786, falling 

 apparently into a quiet sleep. His eloge was read a few days after his 

 death, at a public sitting of the Socie'te' Royale de Mddecine, by 

 M. Vicq-d'Azyr, the secretary of the society, of which M. Watelet was 

 an associe libre. He was also an honorary member of the French 

 royal academies of painting and architecture, and a member of the 

 academy of Berlin. 



The chief work of Watelet's life was his ' Dictionary of the Arts of 

 Painting, Sculpture, and Engraving,' which was not published until 

 after his death ' Dictionnaire des Arts de Peinture, Sculpture, et 

 Gravure,' 5 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1792. Watelet left the work incomplete, 

 and it was finished by M. Levesque, of the French Academy of Inscrip- 

 tions and Belles-Lettres. Watelet etched many plates : Huber, in his 

 'Manuel des Amateurs,' &c., enumerates 27 portraits in 4 to of himself 

 and his friends, after pictures by Cochin : among them portraits of 

 D'Alembert and Madame Le Comte; also 14 pieces in imitation of 

 Rembrandt, and about 50 others in various styles from various masters, 

 and from some of his own designs. 



WATERLAND, DANIEL, D.D., an eminent English theologian, 

 was the son of the Rev. Henry Waterland, rector of Wasely or Walsely, 

 in Lincolnshire, where he was born on the 14th of February 1683. 

 After finishing his elementary education at the free school of Lincoln, 

 he was admitted of Magdalen College, Cambridge, in March 1699, 

 obtained a scholarship in December 1702, and was elected a fellow in 

 February 1704. Continuing to reside at the university, and having 

 taken holy orders, he acted for many years as a tutor even after he 

 had been presented by the Earl of Suffolk, in February 1713, to the 

 mastership of his college, and also to the rectory of Ellingham in Nor- 

 folk. It was during this period of his life that he drew up and published 

 his 'Advice to a Young Student, with a Method of Study for the first 

 Four Years,' which went through several editions. In 1714 he took 

 his degree of Bachelor of Divinity, on which occasion he greatly dis- 

 tinguished himself by his defeuce of his thesis, the illegality of Arian 

 subscription, his first opponent being Thomas Sherlock, afterwards 

 bishop of London. Soon after this he was appointed one of the 

 chaplains in ordinary to the king (George I.), and in 1717 he received 

 by command of his majesty, on his visit to the university, the unso- 

 licited honour of a degree of D.D,, in which he was some time after 

 incorporated at Oxford. 



