619 



WHARTON, DUKE OF. 



WHATELY, ARCHBISHOP. 



660 



daughter of a deceased Irish colonel in the Spanish service, who was 

 then one of the maids of honour to the queen of Spain : her majesty 

 at first refused her consent to their union, but ho threatened to kill 

 himself, or at least to die, if she would not relent ; and the marriage 

 took place. After this he went to Rome, where he accepted tho order 

 of the garter from tho Pretender, and openly assumed the title of 

 Duke of Northumberland, formerly bestowed upon him by that per- 

 sonage. But it seems to have been soou discovered that he waa 

 likely to be more detriment than service to the cause in which he had 

 thus enlisted himself. '" As he could not always keep himself within 

 the bounds of the Italian gravity," says his first somewhat tender 

 biographer, who has been substantially followed in all the later ac- 

 counts, " and had no employment to divert and amuse his over-active 

 temper, he ran into his usual excesses; which being taken amiss, 

 without falling into actual disgrace, it was thought advisable for him 

 to remove from that city for the present." His next appearance was 

 at the siege of Gibraltar, in the spring of 1727, where, having offered 

 his services as a volunteer to tho King of Spain, he was appointed by 

 the Conde de las Torres one of his aides-de-camp. Here, we are told, 

 he was often in the trenches, and exposed himself wherever any 

 service was going forward ; but his conduct appears to have partaken 

 quite as much of mere recklessness and bravado as of real gallantry. 

 " He went one evening," it is related, " close to the walls, near one of 

 the posts of the town, and either called to, dared, or threatened the 

 soldiers of the garrison. They asked who he was : he readily answered, 

 ' The Duke of Wharton : ' and, though his grace appeared there as an 

 enemy, they suffered him to return to the trenches without firing one 

 shot at him; had they done otherwise he must inevitably have 

 perished." The only injury he received at the siege was a slight 

 wound in his foot from the bursting of a grenade ; and as a reward for 

 what he had done, the King of Spain gave him a commission of 

 colonel-aggregate to one of the Irish regiments. But this was small 

 compensation for what his frantic conduct lost at home : where, soon 

 after, a bill of indictment was preferred against him for high treason, 

 committed by appearing in arms before, and firing off cannon agaiust, 

 his majesty's town of Gibraltar, upon which a conviction followed in 

 due course, and he lost both his peerage and all else that he possessed 

 in his native country. Before this had happened however he had 

 written to the Pretender, proposing to come back to Rome, but 

 received for answer a strong exhortation rather to make the best of 

 his way to England, and try if he could accommodate matters there. 

 On this he set out with hia duchess for Paris, where he arrived in 

 May 1728. He immediately waited upon Mr. Walpole, the English 

 ambassador, who received him with abundance of civility, but was not 

 a little surprised when, at parting, his grace told him he was going to 

 dine with the Bishop of Rochester (the exiled Atterbury). Walpole 

 replied, that if he meant to dine with that prelate, there was no 

 reason why he should tell him of his intention. From Paris he went 

 to Rouen, and here, where he first heard of hia indictment, it is 

 affirmed that he was visited by two emissaries from the English 

 minister (Walpole), who endeavoured to persuade him to avert his 

 fate by making some sort of submission to the government; but he 

 remained deaf to all they could xirge. The rest of his history reads 

 like an account of a long fit of drunkenness which indeed it no doubt 

 in great part actually was. He extorted some further pecuniary 

 assistance from the Pretender, and also from other quarters; but, 

 notwithstanding these occasional supplies aud his military pay, he was 

 now commonly involved in all the embarrassments of the most ex- 

 treme poverty ; for whenever he received any money, if it escaped his 

 clamorous rabble of creditors, it was spent as fast as his still untamed 

 profusion and taste for luxury and dissipation could squander it. He 

 moved about as whim, or hope, or sometimes desperation drove him : 

 first to Paris, then to Orleans, then to Nantes, whence he took ship 

 for Bilbao, and, leaving his duchess there, went to join his regiment, 

 which appears to have been stationed at Madrid. Some time after he 

 is stated to have been in garrison at Barcelona, where he got into a 

 quarrel with the Marquess de Risbourg, governor of Catalonia, the end 

 of which was that he received orders from court not again to enter 

 Barcelona, but to repair to his quarters at Lerida. On this, we are 

 told, giving way to melancholy, he fell into a deep consumption ; so 

 that, by the beginning of the year 1731, he had lost the use of his 

 limbs, and was not able to walk from his bed to the fireside without 

 assistance. After about two months he rallied somewhat, from drink- 

 ing a mineral water in the mountains of Catalonia; but in May, 

 having gone with his regiment to Tarragona, he became again as ill as 

 ever; and, going back to the mineral spring, "he fell," says his 

 biographer, " into one of those faulting fits to which he had for some 

 time been subject, in a small village, and was utterly destitute of all 

 necessaries, till some charitable fathers of a Bernardine convent, 

 which happened to be near the place where he lay, hearing of his 

 miserable condition, offered him what assistance their house afforded." 

 After languishing hi the convent for a week, he died there on the 31st 

 of May 1731, and was buried the next day by the monks in the same 

 manner in which one of themselves would have been interred. His 

 widow survived, in obscurity, till February 1777, when she died in 

 London, and was buried in Old St. Pancras churchyard. 



The account from which the preceding facts are chiefly extracted 

 was originally published in 8vo, at London, in 1731, under the title of 



Memoirs of the Life of his Grace Philip, late Duke of Wharton, by an 

 Impartial Hand.' It is prefixed to two octavo volumes published in 

 1732, entitled ' The Life and Writings of Philip, late Duke of Wharton,' 

 but which contain only the 74 numbers of the ' True Briton,' and tho 

 speech on the bill of pains aud penalties against Atterbury, the 

 paging of which is a continuation of that of the ' True Briton,' although 

 it has a title-page of its own, dated 1724. There is another publi- 

 cation, in two volumes, 8vo, without date, entitled ' The Poetical 

 Works of Philip, late Duke of Wharton, and others of the Wharton 

 Family, and of the Duke's Intimate Acquaintance, particularly Lord 

 Bolingbroke, Dean Swift, Lady Wharton, Doctor Delany, Lord Dorset, 

 Major Pack, the Hon. Mrs. Wharton, &c.' These two volumes how- 

 ever appear to have been all printed in 1727 (before the duke's death), 

 with the exception only of this general title-page and a Life of the 

 duke, which is substantially the same with that noticed above, and is 

 here stated to be " communicated by a person of quality, and one of 

 his grace's intimate friends." The volume contains very little that is 

 even attributed to the duke ; but in the second are some letters in 

 prose, addressed to Lady Wharton, his father's first wife, and her 

 poetical paraphrase of the ' Lamentations of Jeremiah.' It is said that 

 Ritson had at one time an intention of collecting and publishing the 

 poetical productions of the Duke of Wharton, which however pro- 

 bably would not be very easily ascertained. Nichols has printed two 

 poems by his grace in the 5th volume of his ' Collection,' pp. 24-33. 

 Pope's highly finished character of him iu his ' Moral Essays,' begin- 

 ning " Wharton, the scorn and wonder of our days," is familiar to 

 most readers. 



* WHATELY, THE MOST REV. AND RIGHT HON. RICHARD, 

 ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN,, was born in Cavendish-square, London, 

 in 1787, the fourth son of the Rev. Dr. Whately of Nonsuch Park, 

 Surrey. He was educated at Oriel College, Oxford, where he gra- 

 duated B.A. in 1808, taking a second class in classics and mathe- 

 matics; in 1810 he gained the university prize for an English Essay; 

 in 1811 he became a Fellow of Oriel; and in 1812 he took his 

 M.A. degree. Oriel College is celebrated as having sent forth some of 

 the most eminent English theologians of recent times, such as Arnold, 

 Coplestone, and the elder Newman. At this college also Whately 

 distinguished himself by his theological bent, attaching himself to the 

 " liberal " or " Low Church " as distinct from the " High Church " 

 party of which Newman, till his secession to the Romish Church, 

 was one of the leaders. In 1822 he held the Bampton Lectureship at 

 Oxford ; and in the same year he was appointed to the rectory of 

 Halesworth in Suffolk, a living of 450. a year. In the preceding 

 year he had married the daughter of William Pope, Esq., of HilUugdou, 

 Middlesex. It was while he was rector of Halesworth that he became 

 known by his theological and theologico-political writings as one of 

 the rising intellects in the English Church. In 1821 he had published 

 ' The Christian's Duty with respect to the Established Government 

 and the Laws, Considered in Three Sermons,' and iu the same year, 

 anonymously, his curious work entitled ' Historic Doubts relative to 

 Napoleon Bonaparte ; ' these were followed in 1822 by his eight 

 Bampton Lectures <m ' The Use and Abuse of Party Feeling iu 

 Religion;' to which succeeded 'Five Sermons on several occasions 

 preached before the University of Oxford' (1823), and 'Essays ou 

 some of the peculiarities of the Christian Religion' (1825). In 1825 

 he was chosen Principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford ; and about this 

 time he took the degree of D.D. While Principal of St. Alban's Hall 

 Dr. Whately extended his theological and literary reputation by 

 various works, including his celebrated ' Elements of Logic,' originally 

 published in 1826, and since then reprinted more frequently than 

 any work of the kind ; his ' Elements of Rhetoric,' first printed hi 

 its complete form in 1828, after the substance of it had been con- 

 tributed to the ' Encyclopaedia Metropolitana ; ' hia ' Essays on some 

 of the Difficulties hi the Writings of St. Paul, and in other parts of the 

 New Testament' (1828); his ' Thoughts on the Sabbath,' in the form 

 of an additional note to the Essays last named (1830); his ' Errors of 

 Romanism traced to their origin in human nature' (1830); and 

 detached addresses and sermons on various topics. In 1830 he had 

 been appointed Professor of Political Economy at Oxford ; and in 

 1831 he published ' Introductory Lectures to Political Economy,' also 

 an ' Essay on the Omission of Creeds, Liturgies, and Codes of Eccle- 

 siastical Canons in the New Testament,' and several sermons. In the 

 same year (1831), the Whigs being then in office, he was consecrated 

 Archbishop of Dublin and Bishop of Gleudalagh; and since 1846 he 

 has also been Bishop of Kildare. As primate of Ireland Dr. Whately 

 has led a most active and influential life, taking interest as a liberal 

 churchman in all questions of social and ecclesiastical importance, 

 and more especially in Irish education. He was one of the Commis- 

 sioners of National Education in Ireland, but resigned his connection 

 with the commission in 1853. His public duties as archbishop how- 

 ever have not interfered with his continued activity as a theological 

 writer. Besides separate sermons, charges to his clergy, &c., too 

 numerous to be specified, he has issued the following publications 

 ' The Evidence before the Committee of the House of Lords respecting 

 Tithes in Ireland,' 1832 ; ' Thoughts on Secondary Punishment,' 1832; 

 ' Reply to the Address of the Clergy of the Diocese of Dublin and 

 Glendalagh on the Government Plan for National Education in Ireland,' 

 1832; 'Introduction to Political Economy; section 9th,' 1832; 'Speech 



