765 



WINWOOD, SIR RALPH. 



WISEMAN, CARDINAL NICHOLAS. 



766 



became a Fellow of the College of Physicians, and settled in London. 

 In the same year he was appointed physician to the Duke of Cumber- 

 land, and in 1762 was made physician to George III., by whom ho was 

 knighted. In 1759 he was made physician extraordinary, and subse- 

 quently was appointed physician-general to the army. He was created 

 a baronet in 1774, but the title has become extinct. He had a large 

 practice, and was much respected both in public and private life. In 

 1782 he published some essays on various departments of medicine, 

 under the title ' De Morbis quibusdam Commentarii,' 2 vols. 8vo. He 

 al^o published an edition of his father's works, and edited Mead's 

 'Monita et Prsccepta Medica,' to which he added numerous annota- 

 tions. There is a small marble bust of ^Esculapius, which was found 

 near Rome, in Trinity College, Cambridge, which was the bequest of 

 Sir Clifton Wintringham. He died at Hammersmith on the 9th of 

 January 1794. 



WINWOOD, SIR RALPH, KNT., was born at Aynho, or Ayno-on- 

 the-Hill, a village in the north-western corner of Northamptonshire, 

 about the year 1564. His father, whose name was Richard, was the 

 son of Lewis Winwood, who was at one time secretary to Charles 

 Brandon, duke of Suffolk. Winwood was educated at Oxford, where 

 he was first admitted of St. John's College, but was in 1582 elected 

 probationer-fellow of Magdalen. He took his degree of B. A. in Novem- 

 ber of that year; that of M.A. in June 1587 ; and that of LL.B. in 

 February 1590. In April 1592, he was chosen proctor of the uni- 

 versity. He then spent some years in foreign travel. After his 

 return home, Sir Henry Neville being, in 1599, sent as ambassador to 

 France, Winwood was appointed his secretary ; and he was ultimately 

 left for some time, during Sir Henry's absence, as resident at Paris. 

 From this post he was recalled in January 1603, and was the same 

 year sent on a mission by James I. to the States of Holland. He was 

 knighted June 28th, 1607, and in August following he and Sir Richard 

 Spence were together appointed ambassadors to Holland. In August 

 1609, he was once more sent as envoy to that country ; and two years 

 after he distinguished himself by the zeal with which he acted in the 

 affair of the Arminian divine, Conrad Vorstius, whose appointment as 

 professor of divinity at Leyden so enraged the English king, that he 

 threatened to separate himself from the alliance with the States unless 

 they deposed and banished the heretical doctor. Vorstius in fact was 

 in the end obliged to resign his professorship, and to leave the country. 

 When Winwood was recalled from Holland does not appear ; but on 

 the 20th of March 1614, he was made secretary of state ; and he con- 

 tinued in that post till his death at London, on the 27th of October 

 1617. 



The name of Sir Ralph Winwood has been preserved in our litera- 

 ture by a valuable historical collection, which was published at 

 London in 1725, in 3 vols. folio, under the following title : 'Memorials 

 of Affairs of State in the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James I., 

 collected chiefly from the original papers of the Right Honourable Sir 

 Ralph Winwood, Kut., sometime one of the Principal Secretaries of 

 State ; comprehending likewise the negociations of Sir Henry Neville, 

 Sir Charles Cornwallis, Sir Dudley Carleton, Sir Thomas. Edmonds, 

 Mr. Trumbull, Mr. Cottiugton, and others at the Courts of France and 

 Spain, and in Holland, Venice, &c. Wherein the principal transactions 

 of those times are faithfully related, and the policies and intrigues of 

 those Courts at large discovered. The whole digested in an, exact 

 series of time. By Edmund Sawyer, of Liucoln's-Inn, Esq., and one of 

 the Masters in Chancery.' 



WINZET, or WINGET, NINIAN, a Scottish ecclesiastic, is sup- 

 posed to have been born in Renfrewshire in 1518, and to have been 

 educated at the University of Glasgow. In 1551 he was master of 

 the grammar-school of Linlithgow, and soon afterwards, while he con- 

 tinued in that situation, he entered into holy orders. In 1561, on the 

 establishment of the ecclesiastical polity of the Reformation, he was 

 cited before the Superintendent of the Lothians, to answer for his 

 religious opinions, when, adhering to the doctrine of the Roman 

 Catholic Church, he was deposed from his office. In the following 

 year he published ' Certane Tractatis for Reformation of Doctryne and 

 Maneris, set furth at the desire and in ye name of ye afflicted Catho- 

 likis, of inferiour ordour of Clergie, and Layit Men in Scotland.' Tiio 

 object of this work was one which few attempted in those days of 

 fierce controversy an internal reform in the Roman Catholic Church, 

 as distinct from its severance from the Papal authority. At a later 

 period in the same year, and after Knox had addressed against him some 

 controversial arguments from the pulpit, he attempted to publish a 

 work called ' The Last Blast of the Trumpet of Gode's Worde against 

 the usurpit auctoritie of Johne Knox, and his Caluiniaue brether, 

 intrudit Precheouris,' &c., but the Protestants had not made sufficient 

 progress in religious toleration to leave a free press at the disposal of 

 their adversaries, and the copies of the work were seized in the 

 printing-office. Winzet himself made a narrow escape, and the printer 

 was imprisoned. The only fragment of this work which has survived 

 to the present day is a copy of the first five leaves, preserved in the 

 University Library of Edinburgh. Winzet now thought it prudent to 

 take refuge in Flanders, and in 1563 he published at Antwerp 'The 

 Buke of four scoir thre Questions, touching Doctrine, Ordour, and 

 Maneris.' This is a controversial tract, in which, though complaining 

 of the usage he had received from the reformers " for denying only to 

 subscrive yair phantasie and factioun of faith," there is an air of gentle- 



ness which seems to have been peculiar to the disposition of the 

 author, and is not characteristic of the controversial writings of the 

 times. Winzet affected to adhere to the older style of the Scottish 

 language. He says to Knox, " Gif ze, throw curioaitie of novationis, 

 hes forzet our auld plane Scottis, quhilk zour mother lerit zou, in 

 tymes cuming I sail wryte to you my mynd in Latin;" yet Winzet's 

 own style shows nearly as great a divergence from the Scottish of a 

 century earlier as that of Knox, though the latter made a nearer 

 approach to the English of the 16th century. In 1576 Winzet was 

 appointed abbot of the Scottish monastery of St. James's, at Ratisbon. 

 In 1582 he published ' Flagellum Sectariorum,' another controversial 

 work, to which he appended an attack on the ' De Jure Regni a pud 

 Scotos ' of Buchanan, which is one of the earliest works in which the 

 spirit of free inquiry then in operation as to religion was extended to 

 politics. Winzet died on the 21st of September 1592. (Irving, Lives 

 of Scottish Writers, i. 98-101 ; Memoir prefixed to Collection of Winzet' g 

 vernacular Works, printed for the Maitland Club.) 



WISE, MICHAEL, one of the most justly admired of our Church 

 composers, was born in Wiltshire, and was among the first set of 

 children of the Chapel-Royal at the Restoration. He was chosen as 

 organist and master of the choristers in the cathedral of Salisbury in 

 1668. Seven years later he received the appointment of Gentleman of 

 the Chapel-Royal; and in 1686 he added to his other offices that of 

 almoner of St. Paul's Cathedral, including the mastership of the 

 choristers. He was a great favourite of Charles II. ; but it is said 

 that, presuming too much on the notice of royalty, he incurred the 

 king's displeasure, and was for some time suspended from his. situation 

 at court. He was a man, says Sir John Hawkins, of much pleasantry, 

 and this, added to his high musical talents, may have recommended 

 him to the favour of the ' merry monarch.' His end was tragical ; for 

 quitting his .house at night in a state of great irritation, he was stopped 

 by the watchman, with whom he entered into a quarrel, and was killed 

 in the affray. 



The compositions of Wise are among the glories of our cathedral 

 music. He added melody to science, and in setting sacred words 

 evinced as much judgment as genius. His anthems, 'Awake up, my 

 Glory,' ' Prepare ye the way of the Lord,' and ' The ways of Zion do 

 mourn/ have lost none of their charms by use or age, and are still 

 listened to with admiration by all who hear them and whose feelings 

 are attuned to church music of the most elegant and expressive kind. 



* WISEMAN, CARDINAL NICHOLAS, the son of a merchant of 

 Waterford and Seville, was born at Seville on the 2nd of August 1802. 

 His father's family long held large landed property, in the county of 

 Essex, and still retain the baronetcy conferred on his ancestors by 

 King Charles I. His mother was one of the ancient family of Strange, 

 of Aylward's Town, county Kilkenny, and died in 1851, after having 

 seen her son invested with his present dignity. Having received his 

 early education at Waterford and at St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw, 

 near Durham, he became one of the first members of the English 

 College at Rome in December 1818, and was created D.D. in 1824. In 

 1825 he was ordained, and became successively professor of Oriental 

 languages, and vice-rector of the English College, and in 1829 rector. 

 He had already composed and printed his learned work, ' Horns 

 Syriacse' from Oriental manuscripts in the Vatican. Returning to 

 England in 1835, he gained much reputation as a preacher by a series 

 of ' Lectures on the Doctrines and Practices of the Catholic Church,' 

 delivered at the Sardinian Chapel, and afterwards published in 2 vols. 

 12mo. They were followed by his ' Treatise on the Holy Eucharist,' 

 which occasioned a learned controversy with Dr. Turton, now Bishop 

 of Ely, and his ' Lectures on the Connection between Science and 

 Revealed Religion,' which at once established his name as a theologian 

 and a man of scientific acquirements. In 1840, on the increase of 

 the Roman Catholic Vicars Apostolic from four to eight, Dr. Wise- 

 man was appointed Coadjutor to the late Bishop Walsh of the Midland 

 District (with the title of Bishop of Melipotamus hi partibus), and at 

 the same time president of St. Mary's College, Oscott. In 1848 he 

 became Pro-Vicar Apostolic of the London District, to which he 

 eventually succeeded in the following year on the death of Bishop 

 Walsh. In August 1850, Bishop Wiseman was summoned to Rome, 

 where in the following month, he was nominated by the Pope ' Arch- 

 bishop of Westminster.' This, which was called by the Roman 

 Catholics the restoration of the hierarchy in England, led as is well 

 known, to a great deal of angry feeling in this country, and the papal 

 assumption was met by the passing of the Act (14 and 15 Viet. cap. 

 60) ' to prevent the assumption of certain Ecclesiastical Titles in 

 respect of places in the United Kingdom,' by which the use of such 

 titles was made penal. The archbishop's territorial dignity has 

 remained therefore in all respects an unsubstantial figment. At the 

 same time that he was created archbishop he was invested with the 

 dignity of a Cardinal Priest, taking his title from the ancient Church* 

 of St. Prudentia. He is the seventh Englishman elevated to that 

 rank since the Reformation. Cardinal Wiseman was one of the 

 founders, and has long been joint-editor of, and a frequent contributor 

 to, the ' Dublin Review,' in which first appeared his ' High Church 

 Claims.' These and his other writings, which include ' Lectures on 

 the Offices and Ceremonies of Holy Week,' ' Letters on Catholic Unity,' 

 a 'Letter to the Rev. J. H. Newman on Tract, No. 90,' and other 

 pamphlets, were republished in a collected form in 3 vols. 8vo, in 



