1005 



HENSLOW, REV. JOHN STEVENS, M.A. 



HULLAH, JOHN. 



1006 



the most distinguished botanists of the day. Mr. Henfrey's papers OB 

 particular departments of botany are numerous. He has been a 

 frequent contributor to the 'Annals and Magazine of Natural 'History.' 

 He edited for some time the ' Botanical Gazette.' In the ' Transactions 

 of the British Association ' for 1851 he published a report ' Ou the 

 Reproduction and Supposed Existence of Sexual Organs in the Higher 

 Cryptogatnous Plants.' In conjunction with Dr. Griffiths, he was the 

 author of the ' Micrographic Dictionary,' and wrote all the articles in 

 that work devoted to vegetable physiology. This work appeared in 

 parts, and was completed in 1857. 



Whilst constantly engaged in the production of original works, Mr. 

 Henfrey Las been a laborious translator from the German. In 1849 

 he translated a volume of Reports and Papers on Botany for the Ray 

 Society, and in 1852 Alexander Braun's ' Rejuvenescence in Nature' for 

 the same society. In 1848 he translated Schleiden's 'Plant, a Bio- 

 graphy,' and in 1852 Professor Schouw's ' Earth, Plants, and Man.' 

 He also constructed the maps and wrote the letterpress on the 

 geographical distribution of Plants in Johnston's Physical Atlas. 



On the resignation of Professor E. Forbes, Mr. Henfrey was 

 appointed professor of botany at King's College in 1854. He also 

 holds the appointments of examiner in natural science to the Royal 

 Military Academy, and to the Society of Arts. He is a Fellow of the 

 Royal and Linnsean societies. 



* HENSLOW, REV. JOHN STEVENS, M.A., Professor of Botany 

 in the University of Cambridge, was educated for the clerical pro- 

 fession in the University of Cambridge, and was a student of St. John's 

 College : he graduated B.A. in 1818. He took holy orders, and, after 

 officiating in the West of England, he was presented to the rectory 

 of Hitcham in 1837, in which parish he still resides. He was appointed 

 Professor of Mineralogy in the University of Cambridge in 1822, but 

 resigned it in 1828 : he was appointed to the chair of Botany 

 in 1825. Although known as a botanist Professor Henslow has 

 devoted himself very successfully to the observation of facts through- 

 out the whole field of natural history science. One of his earliest 

 scientific papers was on the subject of ' The Deluge,' and was pub- 

 lished in the 'Annals of Philosophy ' for 1824. lu the first volume 

 of the ' Transactions ' of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, he 

 published a geological description of Anglesea. He also published a 

 paper in 1823 in the ' Transactions ' of the Geological Society, entitled 

 ' Supplementary Observations to Dr. Berger's account of the Isle of 

 Man.' His name is also indissolubly connected with the discovery of 

 the so-called coprolites of the Red Crag on the Suffolk coast. Pro 

 fessor Henslow had often observed peculiar nodules amongst the red 

 crag deposits of Suffolk, and having sent them to a chemical friend in 

 London, it turned out that they possessed from 60 to 90 per cent of 

 phosphate of lime. [PHOSPHATITE, NAT. HIST. Div., ENG. CYC.] 

 Although at first Professor Henslow was inclined to regard these 

 bodies as true coprolites, there is good reason to believe that they 

 are not coprolitic in their origin at all. His papers on the subject of 

 this discovery are as follows : ' On Nodules apparently Coprolitic, 

 from the Red Crag, London Flag, and Green Sand,' published in 

 the ' Reports ' of the British Association for 1845 ; a second paper 

 also appeared in the same Transactions in 1847, entitled 'On 

 Detritus derived from the London Clay and deposited in the Red 

 Crag ; ' in the first volume of the ' Journal of the Geological Society/ 

 ' On Concretions of the Red Crag at Felixstow, Suffolk ; ' in the 

 ' Gardeners' Chronicle ' for 1848, ' On Fossil Phosphates,' and in the 

 game journal in 1857, 'On the Phosphate nodules of Felixstow in 

 Suffolk.' 



Professor Henslow's papers and publications on the subject of botany 

 have not been numerous, but most of them are of great value. One 01 

 the most valuable manuals in the English language at the time of its 

 publication was his ' Principles of Descriptive and Physiologica' 

 Botany,' in ' Larduer's Cabinet Cyclopaedia.' This work was published 

 in the year 1835. He also published in the same year a catalogue o: 

 British plants. His other botanical papers are scattered amongst th 

 transactions of learned societies and the natural history journals. He has 

 given much attention to the application of the principles of botany to 

 agriculture and gardening. He has also introduced the study of botan; 

 with great success into the village school of Hitcham. The manage 

 ment of this school, and the success of a village horticulturist society 

 under his management, have occasionally drawn towards the village 

 of Hitcham a large share of attention, and perhaps there are few 

 parishes in the kingdom in which the influence of the special intellec 

 tual character of the clergyman has been so largely and beneficially felt. 



The county of Suffolk has always found in Professor Henslow a 

 firm friend of the advancement and diffusion of natural knowledge 

 Pie was one of the earliest of the friends of the movement which 

 resulted in the establishment of the Museum of Natural History at 

 Ipswich, aud on the death of the Rev. W. Kirby, the first presiden 

 of that institution, he was unanimously chosen to succeed him. The 

 arrangements of this museum have beeu made entirely under the 

 direction of Professor Henslow. The excellent way in which typica 

 objects are presented for instructing in the great branches of natura 

 history, has been carried out at his suggestion, and gives to this 

 museum a special educational character. Professor Henslow's lecturei 

 for popular instruction delivered at this institution, have been quiti 

 models of the way in which information on natural history subjects 



hould be conveyed. Of the manner in which such information may 

 >enefit the farmer, Professor Henslow has given indications in his 

 >apers on Smut and Brand, and on the Wheat Midge in the 'Journal 

 f the Royal Agricultural Society of England.' 



In the University of Cambridge Professor Henslow has ever been the 

 advocate of progress. To his efforts, aided by those of others, may be 

 attributed the establishment of the Natural History Tripos in 1848. 

 L'his instalment of reform serves to some extent to do away with the 

 nomaly of professors with chairs, on whose lectures no attendance 

 s required of the pupil, and no knowledge of the subject in his exami- 

 nation. Professor Henslow is a member of the Senate of the Univer- 

 sity of London, and examiner in the science of botany ; he is also a 

 'ellow of the Linnsean Society aud of the Cambridge Philosophical 

 Society. 



*HERAPATH, WILLIAM, a distinguished living chemist, was 

 Dorn on the 26th of May 176, at Bristol, where his father was a malt- 

 ster and brewer. When very young he manifested a taste for science, 

 \ud was known in his family as ' the little philosopher.' He received 

 lis early education at a school in Bristol kept by Mr. Pocock, who is 

 iuown from his having patented a kite-carriage, of which nothing 

 was heard after the invention of railways. Young Herapath on 

 leaving school was first placed with his father, but afterwards in a" 

 banking-house. His father was however killed by an accident, and he 

 was called at an early age to conduct his father's business. He now 

 devoted his leisure to the study of chemistry, and obtained so great a 

 reputation for his skill that he began to be consulted as a professional 

 chemist. His first paper on chemical subjects was one in the Philo- 

 sophical Magazine ' On the Specific Gravity of the Metallic Oxides. 

 He was one of the first British chemists who detected cadmium in the 

 ores of this country. Hia reputation as a chemist increasing, he aban- 

 doned his malting in 1830, and devoted himself entirely to chemistry. 

 He now took up the subject of toxicology, and having been successful 

 in the demonstration of the existence of poison in a body that had 

 been interred upwards of fourteen months, his reputation as a toxi- 

 cologist became established. Since that time he has been employed 

 very extensively on trials where the lives of human beings are 

 dependent on, the chemical evidence of guilt. 



Mr. Herapath was one of the founders of the Bristol Medical School, 

 in which he was the first teacher of chemistry, a position which he 

 still occupies, and few provincial medical schools can boast of more 

 efficient chemical teaching. 



Mr. Herapath is well known in Bristol for his liberal politics. He 

 was President of the Bristol Political Union previous to and at the 

 passing of the Reform Bill. On the passing of the Municipal Reform 

 Bill he was placed on the town council, and subsequently placed on 

 the bench of magistrates, and made a charity trustee. He is a capital 

 instance of the energy and capabilities of the middle classes of this 

 country, having by his unaided efforts obtained a foremost position as 

 a man of science and a citizen. 



* HORSFIELD, THOMAS, M.D., a distinguished traveller and natu- 

 ralist. He went out to Java in 1802, and after having thoroughly 

 investigated the natural history of that country, he returned to 

 England in 1819 with a large collection of plants and animals. His 

 herbarium of plants, which consisted of upwards of two thousand 

 specimens, he committed to the care of Mr. Robert Brown, of the 

 British Museum. In the meantime he devoted himself to the descrip- 

 tion of the animals, more especially mammalia and birds, which he 

 had brought from Java, and whose habits and localities he had accu- 

 rately observed. The result of these labours was the publication in 

 parts, commencing in 1821 and terminating in 1824, of a quarto 

 volume containing coloured illustrations, entitled ' Zoological Re- 

 searches iu Java and the neighbouring Islands.' Some time after the 

 publication of this work, descriptions and figures of the plants collected 

 by Dr. Horsfield were published with the title ' Plants) Javanicac 

 rariores descriptse icouibusque illustratae, quas in insula Java, annis 

 1802-1817, legit et iuvestigavit, Thorn. Horsfield,' &c. This work is 

 one of the most valuable contributions to the exotic flora of the world 

 that has hitherto been published in this country, In the latter part 

 of the work Mr. Robert Brown was assisted by Mr. J. J. Bennett. 



Dr. H orsfield first went to Java under the auspices of the Dutch Colo- 

 nial Government. He remained in that country during its temporary 

 occupation by the East India Company from 1811 to 1817, and was 

 greatly assisted in his labours by this body. Dr. Horsfield now holds 

 the position of superintendent of the natural history collections of the 

 East India Company in London. This has given him considerable oppor- 

 tunities of exercising his great zoological knowledge, and he has contri- 

 buted a large number of papers to the ' Transactions ' of the Linnaean 

 and Zoological Societies. He is now engaged in publishing a Catalogue 

 of the collections of the East India Company. In 1828 he published 

 a ' Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects contained in the Museum 

 of the Hon. East India Company.' In 1852 he published a ' Catalogue 

 of the Birds in the Museum of the Hon. East India Company.' 



Dr. Horsfield was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1828, and 

 he is one of the Vice- Presidents of the Liunaeau Society. 



* HULLAH, JOHN, an eminent composer and popular musical in- 

 structor, was born in 1812, at Worcester, but his life, since childhood, 

 has been spent in London. His early musical education was slight and 

 desultory; it was not till he was seventeen that he received regular 



