14 SOILS OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES. 



northern slopes at not too great an elevation that the Pippin attains 

 its very highest quality a smooth, yellow, transparent skin, solid 

 flesh, and that delicate flavor for which the apple is celebrated. 

 In other locations, particularly with eastern and southern exposures 

 where other conditions are favorable, the red and striped apples 

 of the latitude are produced to advantage. The Winesap, Yellow 

 Transparent, Red Limber Twig, Greensboro Late June, and the 

 Greensboro Striped June are all raised to advantage. In addition, 

 peach orchards have been planted and the varieties which have 

 been the most successful are the Belyeu Comet, the Elberta, and the 

 Crawford. 



Besides apples and peaches in many localities grapes have been 

 grown to advantage. The Norton's Virginia Seedling, the Concord. 

 Ives, Catawba, and Deleware are all successful varieties. 



Thus the Porters black loam constitutes one of the most important 

 mountain fruit soil types from the vicinity of the Potomac River 

 southward to western North Carolina. Undoubtedly additional 

 areas will be planted to orchards of all descriptions as transporta- 

 tion facilities become more adequate and as the more remote coves, 

 valleys, and slopes occupied by this type become known to horti- 

 culturists. 



Animal husbandry. The existence of large areas of mountain 

 land suitable onty to forestation and pasturage would seem to 

 indicate that the Porters loam should be utilized for the production 

 of forage crops upon the tilled areas and of grasses and pasturage upon 

 the more sloping areas. In the States where the Porters loam occurs 

 the production of milk, butter, and cheese is at a minimum. Vir- 

 ginia, and particularly North Carolina and South Carolina, import 

 large quantities of all of these products for local use. It is one of the 

 essential requirements for the dairy industry that an adequate supply 

 of pure water should be available in connection with the grazing 

 lands. It is also essential that the dairy industry should be carried 

 on within the cooler climatic zones of these States, As a result, with 

 the exception of certain Piedmont areas, there is probably no better 

 region in either North or South Carolina than the lower slopes and 

 foothills occupied by the Porters loam for the development of the 

 dairy industry. The natural grass production of the type is excellent. 

 Many of the slopes are capable of no other occupation than that of 

 pasturage or forestry. The supply of pure, cold water is abundant 

 and the climatic conditions are favorable to the dairy industry. Im- 

 proved cattle and an increased knowledge of modern dairy methods 

 are essential to the wider development of this industry ; but the mar- 

 kets and the natural advantages all exist, and the Porters loam should 

 become the dominant type of soil devoted to dairy products in the 

 lower mountain regions of both North and South Carolina. 



