14 SOILS OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES. 



In general the farm equipment of work stock and tools is not 

 abundant. Small horses are chiefly used, and are scarcely adequate 

 to the proper tillage of such a heavy soil. There is also a consider- 

 able variation in equipment between the larger and better farms and 

 that of the more remote and scarcely profitable holdings. 



In certain areas dairying is the general form of farm management 

 upon the type. Many of the dairy farms are well equipped with 

 good herds, adequate barns, and silos. Milk is produced for ship- 

 ment, for the creamery or cheese factory, or for home manufacture 

 into butter. The herds are usually either grade cows of some of 

 the dairy breeds, or else native stock of no particular breed. Upon 

 farms where some sale crop is produced in addition to the dairy 

 business, good profits are made. Oats for sale, buckwheat, and 

 potatoes are the chief crop interests upon such farms aside from 

 the growing of the grain and roughage for the herds. Even when 

 no great profits are derived from this system of farming the land is 

 maintained in better condition, and a living income is derived from 

 the capital and labor invested. 



SUMMARY. 



The Volusia silt loam is an extensive type of soil developed at 

 the higher altitudes in the glaciated northern portion of the plateau 

 country which extends westward along the New York and Penn- 

 sylvania line from the vicinity of the Delaware River to the north- 

 eastern part of Ohio. 



The type lies at altitudes ranging from approximately 900 feet 

 above sea level in northeastern Ohio to elevations of 2,300 feet in 

 south -central New York. 



The surface drainage of the type is fairly well established, since 

 the surface configuration of this soil is rolling to hilly, or even 

 steeply sloping. The internal drainage of the subsoil is poor over 

 considerable areas, and numerous springs give rise to small swampy 

 areas even upon some of the steeper slopes. Tile drainage is one of 

 the chief requisites to the better farming of large areas of this soil. 



The Volusia silt loam is chiefly devoted to the production of grass 

 for hay and pasture. Fair yields of timothy hay are cut, but there 

 is general difficulty experienced in securing a good seeding to red 

 clover. Alsike clover is fairly successful upon this soil. 



Oats constitute the chief small grain grown upon the Volusia silt 

 loam. Buckwheat is most commonly seeded upon lands which have 

 not been prepared in time for the growing of any other crop, or upon 

 fields which have been planted to corn without securing an adequate 

 stand. 



Corn can be successfully grown as a grain crop only at the lower 

 elevations and upon the best-drained portions of the type. For 



