216 



BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT 



case of currants, vines, and various fruiting stocks. But some plants 

 are refractory and difficult to root. In such cases the stem below the 



FIG. 163. 

 Propagation by layering. (After Figuier.) 



shoot it is desired to establish may be nicked with a knife, and packed 

 with wet moss or soil. Roots may then be formed, after which the' 



shoot may be severed. 



Budding and grafting are 

 methods commonly used for 

 woody plants, but latterly they 

 have been employed also with 

 success in succulent plants. 

 These processes consist in the in- 

 sertion of a single bud, or of a 

 shoot bearing a number of buds, 

 not in the soil, but upon the corre- 

 sponding tissues of some related 

 plant. In the case of shield 

 budding, which is largely prac- 

 tised in the propagation of 

 varieties of roses, a bud is 

 removed from the plant which 

 it is desired to propagate, together with an area of superficial 

 tissues separated at the cambium layer. A surface for its reception 

 is prepared by a T-shaped cut into the tissues of the stock that is to 



FIG. 164. 



Method of shield-budding or cushion-grafting. 

 (After Figuier.) 



