APPENDIX A 



527 



year. The flowers are borne singly in the axils of bracts, which succeed the 

 foliage leaves. There are two types of flower which are borne on distinct 

 plants : " pin-eyed," with the stigma occupying the centre of the flower, and 

 " thrum-eyed," where its place is taken by five anthers. It will be seen, 

 however, that in number and arrangement of the parts both are alike : the 

 difference is one of proportion of development of the parts (Fig. 434). For 

 convenience a " pin-eyed " flower may be taken first ; it consists of : 



Calyx, sepals 5, gamosepalous, inferior, forming a tube supporting the corolla. 

 The odd sepal is posterior. 



Corolla, petals 5, gamopetalous, inferior, alternating with the sepals, and 



FIG. 434. 



Primula vulgaris. I. short-styled type of flower in section. II. long-styled type, 

 ditto. III. pollen of short-styled. IV. of long-styled types. V. stigmatic papillae 

 of short-styled. VI. of long-styled type. VII. floral diagram. 



forming a long narrow tube below, with five lobes diverging at right angles 

 from it. 



Androecium, stamens 5, epipetalous, inserted with very short filaments 

 half-way up the tube of the corolla, and opening inwards. Note that the 

 stamens are opposite the petals (anti-petalous) . 



Gynoecium, carpels 5, syncarpous, superior ; style elongated so as to carry 

 the pin-headed stigma to the throat of the corolla. Ovary turgid, unilocular ; 

 ovules numerous, placentation axile. 



Fruit, a capsule opening distally by ten teeth, which become reflexed. 

 The number five of the carpels is inferred from comparison with other flowers, 

 and from the parts of the Primrose itself. The ten teeth of the fruit support this 

 view. The anti-petalous position of the stamens, and the number (n), instead 

 of (n + ) , suggests that five sepaline stamens are abortive : this conclusion is 



