DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 35 



The most common way for the fetus to be presented 

 is represented is Fig. 9, and is usually considered its 

 natural position. As will be seen, the nose and fore 

 feet are presented first. With this method of presen- 

 tation there is rarely need for artificial assistance. 



Fig. 10. 



A presentation of the hind feet, is seen in Fig. 10. 

 In this case delivery is usually effected by natural 

 forces of the mother without outside help. 



There are many cases of what may be termed false 

 presentations where the greatest skill and ingenuity 

 of the operator will fail to make a successful delivery. 

 There are other causes which may prevent a normal 

 delivery, but they can only be mentioned in this place 

 and the more common cases slightly touched upon. 



The cases of difficult labor are from ten to fifteen 

 times more frequent in cows than in mares. They 

 are also very common in bitches, caused io a 

 great extent by the fact that large males are 



