Contents 



Page 



Preface: by THE EDITOR i 



Diary of Events in 1911 and 1912 v 



PART I. INTERNATIONAL AND GENERAL: 

 SECTION I. POLITICS AND ECONOMICS: 



"Special International Affairs and Events" (The Morocco Crisis of /pi/; Italy 

 and Tripoli; The Balkan Crisis of IQI 2; China, 'Mongolia, & Tibet; The Panama 

 Canal Controversy; England's withdrawal from the Sugar Convention; The Titanic 

 Disaster; General Booth; The Rise of Syndicalism): by THE EDITOR ... i 



"The Turco-Italian War": by MAJOR H. II. WADE, R.A., editor of the English 



official Army Review and Journal of the Royal United Service Institute ... 22 



"The Balkan War": by MAJOR H. H. WADE, R.A. (ut supra) ..... 27 



"The World's Armies": by E. JOHN SOLANO, inventor of the Solano Battle- 

 practice Target and Section Fire Target, used by the British War Office for 

 musketry training; editor of the Imperial Army Series of Military Training 

 Manuals . 35 



"The World's Navies": by GERARD FIENNES, Member of Executive Committee 

 of the English Navy League, naval critic to the Pall Mall Gazette and Observer, 

 author of The Ocean Empire, its dangers & defences ........ 44 



"International Law & Peace": by SIR THOMAS BARCLAY, Ph.D., LL.B., Member 

 of the Institute of International Law, Vice-President of the International Law 

 Association, author of Problems of International Practice and Diplomacy . . 54 



"International Finance"-: by SIR GEORGE PAISH, editor of The Statist, author of 

 Railways of Great Britain, Railroads of the United States, Investments in other 

 lands, etc ........... 69 



"The Extension of Telegraphic Communication" : by CHARLES BRIGHT, F.R.S.E., 

 M.Inst.C.E., M.I.E.E., consulting engineer to the Commonwealth of Australia, 

 author of Submarine Telegraphs, Uhdergrotmd Cables, Imperial Telegraphic 

 Communication, etc 80 



"Woman's Suffrage": by MRS. W. L. COURTNEY (Janet E. Hogarth), formerly 

 Superintendent of Women Clerks in the Bank of England, 1894-1906, and 

 Librarian of the Times Book Club, 1906-10 .......... 87 



SECTION II. SCIENCE: 



"Astronomy": by PROFESSOR HERBERT HALL TURNER, D.Sc., F.R.S., Savllian 

 Professor of Astronomy, Oxford, President of Royal Astronomical Society, 

 1903-04, author of Modern Astronomy, Astronomical Discovery, etc. ... 91 



"Geography and Exploration": by O. J. R. HOWARTH, M.A., assistant-secretary of 



the British Association, Geographical Scholar, Oxford^ 1901 ^. . . . . 99 



"Geology": by FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S., Curator & Libra- 

 rian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1879-1902, President of the 

 Geologists' Association, 1887-89 . 106 



"Meteorology": by PROFESSOR CLEVELAND ABBE, A.M., LL.D., Professor of 

 Meteorology, United States Weather Bureau, editor of Bulletin of Mount 

 Weather Observatory, author of Meteorological Apparatus, Methods, etc. . . no 



"Physics": by EDMUND EDWARD FOURNIER D'ALBE, B.Sc., A.R.C.Sc., member of 

 the Royal Irish Academy, assistant lecturer on Physics at Birmingham Uni- 

 versity, inventor of the Optophone and improved Phonoscope, author of The 

 Electron Tlieory, Wonders of Physical Science, etc , . . 114 



"Chemistry": by JAMES C. PHILIP, M.A., Ph.D., D.Sc., assistant professor of 

 Chemistry in the Imperial College of Science, South Kensington, author of 

 Romance of Modern Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, etc. . . . . . 120 



"Biology and Zoology": by PETER CHALMERS MITCHELL, D.Sc., F.R.S., F.Z.S., 

 secretary to the Zoological Society of London, examiner in Biology to the 

 Royal College of Physicians, 1892-96, 1901-03, examiner in Zoology to the 

 University of London, 1903, author of Outlines of Biology, etc 128 



"Botany": by J. B. FARMER, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of Botany, Royal 

 College of Science, London, formerly Demonstrator of Botany and Assistant 



