GEOGRAPHY ,03 



to cross the island to the north coast. An expedition which carried out work in 1909-11 

 on the south coast and the southern slopes of the Nassau mountains in Dutch New 

 Guinea was initiated by the British Ornithological Union in commemoration of its jubi- 

 lee; the party was under the leadership at first of Mr. W. Goodfellow, and after he was 

 overtaken by illness, under that of Capt. G. C. Rawling. Capt. Herderschee started 

 in August 1912 on a second journey, intending to follow the Lorentz river from the 

 south coast, and to investigate the highland region in the neighbourhood of Mt. Wilhel- 

 mina. In British territory (Papua) the Hon. Staniforth Smith, administrator of the 

 territory, led an expedition in 1910-11 into the valley of the Kikor, in that part of the 

 territory which lies east of the Fly river basin and north-west of the Gulf of Papua. Dr. 

 Molengraaf in 1910-11 was at work in the eastern part of Dutch Timor. 



Africa. 1 In Africa, in the course of continued activity in the direction of opening up 

 the various territories, many journeys of geographical importance have been made. On 

 the recommendation of the Colonial Survey Committee, a party under Capt. W. C. 

 Macfie has carried out a topographical survey of 14,000 square miles in Uganda on the 

 scale of 1 125,000. Mr. R. L. Reid completed in 1910 a survey of the river Aruwimi from 

 Basoko up to Avakubi, and Messrs. C. A. Reid and A. E. H. Reid have made surveys in 

 the adjoining parts of the Congo basin. French investigations of considerable impor- 

 tance have been prosecuted in Morocco. In the comparatively little-known north-east, 

 the Muluya, the largest river in the country, has been investigated by M. A.- Bernard, 

 and previous maps rectified, while the region through which it flows, generally believed 

 to be sterile, was found actually to contain fertile plains of considerable extent. French 

 survey work has been continued in the Sahara under Capt. Cortier and Capt. Grosde- 

 manger, who was killed in an encounter with raiders. An important expedition was 

 despatched in 1910 to French Equatorial Africa under Capt. Periquet with a view to 

 surveying a possible railway route from Libreville across the Ogowe basin and beyond. 

 Some 3,000 miles of route-survey was made, and the project was favourably reported 

 upon. In German South-west Africa Lieut. Trenk and others investigated in 1909-10 

 the almost waterless dune-belt parallel to the coast, and in 1911 Professor H. Meyer 

 brought back from the Ruanad country in East Africa the results of important physical, 

 ethnographical and economic investigations. Topographical surveys of an improved 

 character, on a scale of 1:100,000, were begun in Italian Somaliland in 1910. 



America. A Report in 1910 from the Canadian government printing bureau, 

 Ottawa, dealt with the survey carried out by Mr. J. Keele in one of the most important 

 areas previously unexplored in the north-west of Canada, namely that between the 

 Yukon and the Mackenzie, about the upper part of the river Pelly and its headstreams 

 and the Gravel river. In the summer of 1910 Mr. Howard Palmer studied the orog- 

 raphy of Mt. Sir Sandford and its vicinity in the Selkirk Range, B.C., of which not much 

 was previously known, and exploration in the Canadian Rockies has been extended in 

 various directions by several investigators, such as Dr. J. Norman Collie, who was 

 travelling north of the Yellowhead Pass in 1911. The Research Committee of the 

 National Geographic Society granted $5,000 for the continuation in 1911 of the glacial 

 investigations in Alaska by Prof. R. S. Tarr (b. 1864; d. March 21, 1912) and Prof. 

 L. Martin, who led the Alaskan expedition of the Society in 1909-10 in the region of 

 Yakut Bay, Prince William Sound, and the lower course of the Copper river. 



In South America, Major Fawcett undertook in 1910 further exploration in Bolivia, 

 in the valley of the Heath and adjacent territories. In January 1911 Col. A. J. Wood- 

 roffe led a party of British officers lent to the Peruvian government for the demarcation 

 of the new frontier with Bolivia; this work was expected to take three years. The Yale 

 Corporation sent an expedition to Peru in 1911, under the direction of Professor Hiram 

 Bingham, with Professor I. Bowman as geographer and geologist and Mr. K. Hendrik- 

 sen as topographer. It was divided into three parties, to carry out archaeological, topo- 

 graphical and geological exploration, and had three fields of operations the Urubamba 

 river and its affluents, a trans-Andean section from the head of navigation on the 



1 See E. B. I, 352. 



