197 



Turner (b. England, 1872), a graceful novelist of Australian childhood; Mr. Bernard 

 O'Dowd (b. Vic., 1866); Mrs. Barbara Baynton, Mrs. Mary Gaunt and many others 

 who make the Australian literature of to-day. Some of these owed much, some little, 

 directly to Mr. Archibald and his newspaper. But without a doubt he was the chief 

 founder of a new Australian literary movement. 



Australian letters to-day suffer from diffused energy. There are numberless writers 

 of some ability, but no commanding figures. The future holds out a hope of Australian 

 works of the first rank, inspired perhaps by the " Bush " the mysterious Neolithic-age 

 forests, hills and plains, perhaps by the giant work of the early explorers, perhaps by the 

 extremely fluid social conditions of a young country full of self-confidence as it grapples 

 with the old, old problems of civilisation. 



Australia has a vigorous newspaper press. In all the state capitals there are fine journals, 

 and those of Sydney and Melbourne rival in wealth and influence the great dailies of England. 

 The Argus (editor, Mr. E. S. Cunningham) and the Age, (editor, Mr. G. F. H. Schuler) are 

 the chief Melbourne dailies; the Morning Herald (editor, Mr. T. W. Heney) and the Daily 

 Telegraph (editor, Mr. F. W. Ward), the chief Sydney dailies. (FRANK Fox.) 



English-Canadian 1 The outstanding feature in any survey of Canadian literature 

 during the last few years must be its serious and practical tone. A decade ago one was 

 constantly coming upon new books of verse and fiction by Canadian writers. To-day 

 we find in their place books of history, biography and travel, essays in which instruction 

 is the dominant motive, and scores of works on every branch of the great modern subject 

 of economics. Canada takes herself seriously in the twentieth century ; she faces gigantic 

 problems, relating to her own very rapid development, to the relations of the two radical- 

 ly different races that constitute the bulk of her population, to the assimilation of alien 

 groups, to her future place in the British Empire, and her attitude toward other coun- 

 tries. To questions such as these the best thought of many of her most able students has 

 been turned during the last few years, and the result embodied in several notable books. 

 Of these one may mention Macphail's Essays in Politics (1909), Denison's Struggle for 

 Imperial Unity (19.09), Ewart's Kingdom of Canada (1908), and The Kingdom Papers 

 (1911), Robinson's Canada and Canadian Defence (1910), Porritt's Revolt in Canada 

 against the New Feudalism (1911), and, among many important articles in the reviews, 

 Dr. Crozier's " A Warning to Canada " (Fortnightly, Sept. 1911). 



The publication in 1911 of an Index and Dictionary of Canadian History completed 

 the series of biographies known as the Makers of Canada. Shortt's Sydenham (1908) 

 and Parkin's Macdonald (1908), in this series, Saunders' Three Premiers of Nova Scotia 

 (1909), and the admirable reprint of Howe's Speeches and Public Letters (1909), are all 

 vitally important to the student of Canadian political history. 



The memorable celebration of the Tercentenary of the founding of Quebec brought 

 in its train, with a flood of purely ephemeral stuff, several books of permanent value. 

 First of these is the King's Book of Quebec (1911), edited by the Dominion archivist 

 (Dr. Arthur Doughty), and Colonel William Wood, author of several important Canadi- 

 an historical works. Another book that should be mentioned is Tracy's Tercentenary 

 History of Canada (1908), a very readable and well-balanced history, in three volumes. 

 Doughty's Cradle of New France (1908), Bradley's The Making of Canada (1908), Lucas's 

 History of Canada 1763-1812 (1909), following his Canadian War of 1812 (1906), and 

 Griffith's Dominion of Canada (1911), are all the work of well-informed scholars. 



Of agencies which, each in its own way, are making for the development of intellec- 

 tual life and scholarship in Canada, none is more important than the Dominion Ar- 

 chives, the Royal Society of Canada, the Champlain Society, and the University Maga- 

 zine. The Archives perform a triple service, in collecting and safeguarding the manu- 

 script treasures of Canada, in affording facilities for research to students, and in pub- 

 lishing selected documents from its collections. A list of the papers published in recent 

 volumes of Transactions of the Royal Society would afford ample proof of the praise- 

 worthy activities of its members. The Champlain Society, with headquarters at Toronto, 



1 See E. B. v, 165 et seq. 



