2 io DUTCH LITERATURE 



tnaanddijksch Tijdschrift was published (1894), which in 1902 changed its name to De 

 Twintigste Eeuw, and was combined in 1909 with the Nieuwe Gids. On the other hand 

 Albert Verweij (b. 1865) had already left the latter in 1905, and founded De Beweging, 

 in which a large place was given to poetry, and naturalism was not admitted at all. 

 Already in 1903 Groot Nederland had been started, strictly limited to literary work, 

 whereas in Onze Eeuw science and politics were also treated. Van Onzen Tijd (1961, 

 a weekly since 1910) became the paper of the younger Roman Catholic authors, Ons 

 Tijdschrift (1897) that of the younger Calvinists, Stemmen (1911) that of the Orthodox 

 Calvinists; the N ederlandsche Spectator stopped in 1908, but Elsevier's Geillustreerd 

 Maandschrift was rejuvenated under the editorship of Herman Robbers (b. 1868). 



Among the poets of the last few years were some of great promise, but many were 

 mainly imitative and showed little originality. Against these Frederik van Eeden's 

 articles about Literary language (1902) were directed, by the side of which must be men- 

 tioned Adama van Scheltema's book The Foundations of a New Poetry (1907). Van 

 Eeden (b. 1860) followed up his Dante and Beatrice (1908) with the second part of Het 

 Lied van Schijn en Wezen (the Song of Illusion and Reality, Part I, 1895, Part II r<pro). 

 Albert Verweij (b. 1865) whose poetry is too obscure ever to become popular, published 

 Het Blanke Heelal (The Lucid Universe, 1908), the dramatic poem Cola Rienzi (1910) 

 and a volume of poems called The Feast of Life (1911). The poetess Helene Swarth (b. 

 1859) added to her previous volumes Pale Skies (1909), Gossamer (1910), Evening- 

 clouds (1911), together with two poems in dramatic form Dolorosa and Mara (1911). 

 Herman Gorter (b. 1864) published the long socialistic poem Pan (1912), and the so- 

 cialistic poetess Henriette Roland Hoist-van der Schalk (b. 1869) gave utterance to her 

 feelings in The New Birth (1903), Upward Roads (1907) and especially in the lyrical 

 tragedy The Rebels (1910). There must also be mentioned Tom's Diary (1910) by 

 Willem Levinus Penning (b. 1840), which contains fine poems, reminding us of Staring 

 and Potgieter, Forgotten Songs (1910) and Cdrmina (1912) by P. C. Boutens (b. 

 1870), From Silence and Strife (1909) by C. S. Adama van Scheltema (b. 1877), Poems 

 (1911), by A. Roland Hoist and Moods (1910) by J. Reyneke van Stuwe (b. 1874). 



Much more distinctly than in the case of poetry, the want of a definite school is felt 

 in Dutch prose literature, so that the most diverse tendencies find expression. In the 

 flood of novels only a few can be pointed out which will probably attract more than 

 temporary attention. Frederik van Eeden published a series of lectures under the title 

 of The Joyous World (1903), followed by the novels The Bride of the Night (1909) and 

 the fictitious Reminiscences of Vico Muralto, while in 1912 his Sirius and Siderius 

 appeared, as the first part of a trilogy. L. van Deyssel's (b. 1864) From the Life of 

 Frank Rozclaer (1911) contains philosophical contemplations besides beautiful descrip- 

 tions of nature and fine psychological analysis. Weirdly phantastic are The Strange 

 Adventures of Zebedeus (1910) by J. van Looy (b. 1855). Cyriel Buysse (b. 1859) main- 

 tained his literary reputation by publishing The Full Life (1908), / remember (1909), 

 The Donkey (1910) and Moods (1911); J. de Meester (b. 1860) published a volume of 

 stories, called Light Lines (1909) and G. H. J. van Hulzen (b. 1860) the two novels 

 Love's Intermezzo (1910) and The Nest of our dear Lord (1911). G. F. Haspels (b. 1864) 

 wrote Under the Brandaris (1908), Penance (1910) and The Town at the Ferry (1912); 

 J. Eigenhuis (b. 1866) Growth and The rough Farm (1911) and also four shorter stories 

 called From the Village by the Sea; Herman Robbers The Happy Family (1909), with the 

 sequel One by one (1910) ; Israel Querido (b. 1873) was most successful with a novel about 

 the diamond-cutters' world, The Course of Life (1901), but was guilty of great realistic 

 exaggeration in Human Woe (1003), while J he Jordaan (the name of a poor quarter in 

 Amsterdam, 1912), the first part of a cycle of novels about the life of the poor classes in 

 Amsterdam, is judged very differently by different people but is widely read. Stories 

 of which the scene is laid in the Indies are those of Fenna de Meyier, Under the Indian 

 Sun, and the novels When the Sennahs are in Flower by Mrs. Overduyn-Heyligers, and 

 Deep Currents by J. E. Jaspers. 



The most prolific of Dutch writers is still Louis Couperus (b. 1863) ; his novel On the 



