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have nearly ceased. The new edition of the writings of Fialho d'Almeida is destined 

 principally for the former colony, and the Jornal do Commercio of Rio de Janeiro has 

 opened its columns to men who under existing conditions could hope for neither an 

 audience nor a reward at home. Madam Vaz de Carvalho, the leading contributor to 

 that paper, has been joined by the Count de Sabugosa, whose recent articles have been 

 published in book form under the title of Donas de Tempos Idas. 



The popular editions of Garrett, Herculano, Rebello da Silva, Camillo Castello 

 Branco and Castilho, recently issued or in course of issue, are mainly for American con- 

 sumption, though the middle classes in Portugal read more than they did. Unfortunate- 

 ly they usually prefer modern French books to their own, while a narrow species of 

 " freethought " turns them from the old classics, products of a society essentially 

 Catholic. It is to be feared that the new orthography, decreed in 1911, will in time in- 

 crease the difficulty of studying the authors of the great period, the i6th century. 



In order to acquaint the nation with its famous men a biographical series has been 

 inaugurated with lives of D. Joao de Castro and Gil Vicente. The last is by General 

 Brito Rebello, an authority on the subject and editor of the best text of Mendes Pinto. 



While Correa d'Oliveira and Lopes Vieira have not materially added to their reputa- 

 tion as poets, the latter has made himself the apostle of an interesting Vicentian revival. 

 His editions of the BarcadoInfernoandMofina Mendes were admirably staged and played, 

 and drew public attention to Gil Vicente, whose Autos, previous to the celebration 

 in 1902 of the 4th centenary of his first piece, had been known only to students. Julio 

 Dantas, Director of the Conservatoire, has revived there the best of the old comedies, 

 among the authors represented being Camoens, D. Francisco Manuel and Antonio Jose 

 da Silva. His charming one-act piece, Roses all the Year Round, was given in London 

 in the spring of 1912, the first version from the Portuguese seen on English boards. 



The death of D. Joao da Camara has left only two playwrights of account, Marcellino 

 de Mesquita and Julio Dantas, and the romance has sunk into extreme naturalism with 

 Abel Botelho. But if creative writing in nearly all departments has died, criticism 

 has shown a marked advance in power. To the quality of insight found in Moniz Bar- 

 reto are added impartiality and a sense of proportion in the case of Fidelino de Figueiredo 

 who is in touch with the best work of his foreign confreres. The psychology of Camillo 

 Castello Branco has been discussed in some remarkable monographs, and a study on the 

 expression of anger in literature by Dr. Henrique de Vilhena has received deserved 

 commendation abroad. 



Fortunato de Almeida brought out in the summer of 1912 the second volume of .a 

 useful compilation, Historia da Igreja em Portugal, and Dr. Gama Barros had in the 

 press the third volume of his Historia da Administracao Publica em Portugal. 



Two good omens for the future are the activity displayed by the Academy of Sciences 

 thanks largely to Colonel Christovam Ayres, historian of the Portuguese army and 

 secretary of the Class of Belles Lettres, and the creation of an Historical Society. The 

 Academy has issued some unpublished letters of D. Francisco Manuel de Mello, and 

 has in the press the parish registers of the Church of Santa Cruz in Lisbon, which cover 

 the years 1536 to 1628. This will mark a new departure in Portugal. It has also repro- 

 duced, under the editorship of the Romance scholar, Madam Michaelis de Vasconcellos, 

 an autograph MS. of some lyrics of Sa de Miranda, and has a long list of publications 

 projected for the fourth centenary of the capture of Ceuta in 1915. The Society of 

 Historical Studies issues a 'Quarterly Review, and is doing good work. 



Another important new Review is that of Coimbra University, which is giving (inter 

 alia) a full and excellent biography of the epic poet Braz Garcia de Mascarenhas. The 

 directors include Dr. Mendes dos Remedios, who has recently added to his classical 

 reprints one of the Chronica do Infante Santo. From Coimbra comes also a new edition 

 of the Cancioneiro de Resende, which the rarity of the Stuttgart edition made necessary. 

 The sciences of folk lore and philology flourish exceedingly, and the Revista Lusitana 

 continues under the editorship of the distinguished scholar Dr. Leite de Vasconcellos, 

 whose Licoes da Philologia Portugueza (1911) are beyond praise. (EDGAR PRESTAGE.) 



