219 



Art, had been handed over for safe keeping to the Russian Academy of Sciences with 

 the request to withhold it from publication for some time to come. Maxim Gorki 

 began to write again, but without any of his former success. In 1911 he continued his 

 story of Matvey Kozhemiakin, which belongs to the usual kind of " Liberation," i.e. 

 revolutionary, fiction. Leon Andreyeff produced a symbolical tragedy called Ocean, of 

 rather inferior quality, and also Sashka Zhagulejf, an attempt to idealise the leader of 

 a gang of brigands. 



A great deal of serious historical matter has been published in Russia during the last 

 3 or 4 years, amongst which the following deserve to be noticed: Archives of the Brothers 

 Tur geniey, edited by the Academy of Sciences; Alexander the Second, by the late S. 

 Tatischeff; researches of Professor Kaptereff regarding the lives and doings of The 

 Patriarch Nikon and the Tsar Alexey Michailovich; Population of Russia in the time of 

 Peter the Great, by M. Klochkoff; History of Russia in the XIX Century, by Professor 

 Pokrovsky; History of Musical Development in Russia, by M. Ivanoff; translation from 

 the French of several new works by Vlaishevsky; History of Russian Public Opinion, by 

 Ivanov Razoomnik; History of Finland, by Borodkin; Tsar Ivan Shuisky, by Professor 

 Platonoff ; 13 volumes of History of the Russo-Japanese War, compiled officially; and 

 Russia for the Russians, by General Kuropatkin. It may be said indeed that, during 

 recent years, more value has been attached in Russia to historical work than to purely 

 imaginative literature. (G. DOBSON.) 



CLASSICAL LITERATURE AND SCHOLARSHIP 1 



The losses sustained of late through the death of distinguished classical scholars have 

 been severe. A special tribute is due to the memory of S. H. Butcher and Andrew Lang, 

 two leading Homerists and literary critics; of A. W. Verrall, a notable interpreter of 

 Greek drama; of J. Adam, an accomplished writer on Greek philosophy and religion; 

 of W. W. Goodwin, the well-known grammarian and archaeologist. Fr. Susemihl will 

 be remembered as a learned critic of later Greek literature and philosophy; L. Fried- 

 lander as an authority on Roman society and manners; L. Traube as an expert in palae- 

 ography; Fr. Biicheler and H. Wb'lfflinas distinguished philologists and collaborators on 

 the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae. 



On the other hand proof is not lacking of the vitality of classical scholarship. Dis- 

 cussion on the aims and methods of classical teaching has been brisker than ever, and 

 good results may be expected in particular from the meetings of the classical section at 

 the Imperial Conference of Teachers' Associations, held in London in July 1912. The 

 number of classical societies is steadily increasing. A new Society for the Promotion of 

 Roman Studies has recently been formed in London as a complement to the Hellenic 

 Society, and it can hardly fail to achieve a similar success in promoting classical 

 scholarship. 



New Texts. Classical literature continues to be enriched with papyri recovered from 

 the soil of Egypt. Drs. Grenfell and Hunt have followed up their previous successes 

 by bringing to light some 400 lines of Callimachus' 'Atria and meliambic poems, 2 

 and an equal length of a Satyric play of Sophocles entitled the 'Ixvevrai. 3 This last- 

 named piece, which dramatises the epic of the infant Hermes' pranks, affords some valu- 

 able evidence on the character and structure of Satyric dramas. To Dr. Hunt we fur- 

 ther owe the publication of some new scholia on Homer, 4 and of numerous fragments of 

 minor Greek writers. 5 A complete text of the new passages from Menander/s 'E/tyycirTjs 

 has been provided by their discoverer, Dr. Lefebvre; 6 and the recently discovered rem- 



1 See generally . B. articles enumerated in Index volume, p. 932. 



2 The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, vol. vii (London, 1910). 



3 Ibid., vol. ix (1912). 



4 Ibid., vol. viii (1911). 



6 Catalogue of the Greek Papyri in the John Rylands Library, vol. i (Manchester, 1911). 

 6 Catalogue general des antiquites egyptiennes du Musee du Caire. Papyrus de Menandre 

 (Cairo, 1911). 



