and adding fresh ones. 1 A less contentious but perhaps more promising topic has been 

 dealt with by Mr. Chadwick in his comparison of the Homeric poems and the Teutonic 

 sagas, and of the respective societies of which they were the product. 2 



The accepted theories concerning the rise of the Greek drama have been vigourously 

 assailed by Prof. Ridgeway, 3 who traces its origin back to funeral rites established in 

 Greece long before the advent of Dionysus. A partial reply to this view has been 

 put forward by Prof. Gilbert Murray, 4 who contends that the structure at any rate of 

 the Attic tragedies contains features peculiar to the Dionysiac cults. Of recent treatises 

 on particular plays special attention is due to the late Prof. VerralPs essay on the Bacchae 

 of Euripides, 5 which he represents as an objective study in the workings of religious faith, 

 betraying neither sympathy nor aversion. Dramatic technique is the subject of a work 

 by Stahlin^ 6 who discusses the part assigned by Greek playwrights to oracles in the con- 

 struction of their plots. 



Among Greek philosophers Plato continues to be the chief object of study. His 

 relations to Socrates 7 have been presented in a new light by Prof. Burnet, who contends 

 that the doctrine of Ideas was taken over by him from his master, and developed 

 rather than created in his hands. Another attractive and bold theory is mooted by 

 Prof. Stewart, 8 viz, that Plato's Ideas fulfilled a double function, being at once laws of 

 thought and objects of imaginative contemplation. A more severely logical trend of 

 thought is ascribed to Plato by Ritter, who has carefully re-examined the crucial passages 

 in the Dialogues. 9 The same scholar has also begun a niore extensive but popular work 

 on Plato; 10 and a similar study of Plato as a humanist and leader of thought is contained 

 in a posthumous collection of essays by Prof. Adam. 11 Aristotelian scholarship has of 

 late been less productive, but an up-to-date criticism of the master's treatises on natural 

 science has been provided by Mr. Lories. 12 The collection of minor works by the late 

 Prof. Zeller 13 comprises articles covering the whole range of Greek phliosophy. 



The Latin authors have been discussed profitably if not copiously. Sir A. Geikie's 

 book on the Love of Nature among the Romans 1 * is full of acute observations, and should 

 help readers of the Latin classics to appreciate many of their finer points. Another 

 substantial addition to Latin scholarship has been made by Prof. Arnold, whose researches 

 on Roman stoicism 15 serve to place this branch of study on a thoroughly scientific basis. 

 Of ancient historians the new author from Oxyrhynchus continues to attract most 

 attention. His personality remains uncertain, in spite of a vigorous attempt by Ed. 

 Meyer 16 to identify him with Theopompus; but the general trustworthiness of his work 

 is now acknowledged in most quarters. A substantial new contribution concerning 

 Thucydides has been made by Dr. Grundy, 17 who accumulates proof that his History 

 was a composite piece of work. 



of Dolon (London, 1911); D. Mulder (Die Ilias und ihre Quellen: Berlin, 1910) adopts a 

 more constructive line of reasoning. 



1 Gilbert Murray, The Rise of the Greek Epic, 2nd ed. (Oxford, 1911); P. Cauer, Grund- 

 fragen der Homerkritik, 2nd ed. (Leipzig, 1909); M. Croiset, Observations sur la legende 

 primitive d' Ulysse (Paris, 1910). Pick (Die Entstehung der Odyssee: Gottingen, 1910) brings 

 forward some new linguistic criteria. 



2 The Heroic Age (Cambridge, 1912). 



3 The Origin of Tragedy (Cambridge, 1912). 



4 Proceedings of the Classical Association, vol. viii (London, 1912), pp. 45-69. 



5 The Bacchants of Euripides, and other Essays (Cambridge, 1910). 



6 Das Motiv der Mantik im antiken Drama (Giessen, 1912). 

 * Plato's Phaedp (Oxford, 1911). 



8 Plato's Doctrine of Ideas (Oxford, 1909). 



9 Neue Untersuchungen uber Platon (Munich, 1910). 



10 Platan (vol. i, Munich, 1910). 



11 Platonism (Cambridge, 1911). 



12 Aristotle's Researches in Natural Science (London, 1912). 



13 Kleine Schriften (2 vols., Berlin, 1910). 



14 London, 1912. 



15 Cambridge, 1911. 



16 Op. cit. 



17 Thucydides and the History of his Age (London, 1911). 



