346 



had 103 ,000 tons building, a number of vessels being equipped with I. C. engines, using 

 suction gas and light and heavy oil fuels. 



Lloyd's Register shows that in 1912 there were n British, 35 German, n American, 

 and 20 other vessels of over 10,000 tons, and on September 3oth 36 such vessels were 

 being built in the United Kingdom. The largest British vessel afloat in 1912 was the 

 " Olympic," 852.5 ft. long, 92.5 ft. beam, 45,300 tons gross, 52,300 tons dispt. at 34 ft. 

 7 in. draught, 55,000 H.P. and 22^ knots speed (for description and drawings see 

 Shipbuilder, 1911); but " Aquitania," building by John Brown & Co. of Clydebank for 

 the Cunard Co., " Britannic," building by Harland & Wolff for the White Star Co., 

 " Imperator " and two similar vessels building at Hamburg, are all larger still (see Sir 

 William White on " Maximum Dimensions of Ships," Am. Soc. N. A.; and Foster 

 King, Int. Mar. Congress, 1911). Among German ships, the " Imperator " (Ham- 

 burg-American line), launched May 23, 1912, is 881 feet long, 96 feet beam, 65 ft. depth, 

 about 51,000 tons gross, has accommodation for over 4,000 passengers and 1,200 crew, 

 is fitted with Parsons turbines of 60,000 H.P., driving 4 screws at 185 revs, per min., and 

 a speed of 22^ knots is expected. One vessel of 35,000 tons and five of 16-19,000 tons 

 are also being built in Germany. The largest Dutch vessel (being built at Belfast for 

 Holland-Amerika Line) is 740 ft. long, 32,500 tons, has combination T. and R. engines 

 for 17 knots, and will carry 3,600 passengers. The same firm has in hand the " Ceramic " 

 of 18,000 tons for the White Star Australian service. The " France," the largest 

 French vessel (Comp. Gen. Transatlantique) is 689 ft. long, 75.6 ft. beam, 53.4 ft. depth, 

 23,666 tons gross, has turbines of 45,000 H.P., for 24 knots speed, carries 1926 passengers 

 and a crew of 600, and is now the fastest foreign vessel on the Atlantic. The Austrian- 

 built " Kaiser Franz Josef I," 477.5 ft. long, 12,567 tons, 13,000 H.P., 19 knots, carry- 

 ing 2,000 passengers, is the largest Austrian vessel. The largest Spanish vessel, the 

 " Reina Victoria Eugenia," built by Swan, Hunter & Co., is 480 ft. long, 61 ft. beam, 32.7 

 ft. depth, 10,000 tons gross, 10,000 H.P., 17^ knots speed. The Allan liners " Alsa- 

 tian " and " Calgarian," being built for the Canadian Atlantic service, are 570 ft. 

 long, 18,250 tons, and 21,000 H.P. for 18 knots sea speed. The " Empress of Russia," 

 and " Empress of Asia," built by Fairfield for the Can. Pac. service between Vancouver 

 and Japan, are 590 ft. long, 68 ft. beam, 46 ft. depth, 15,000 tons gross, 20 knots trial 

 and 18^ knots sea speed, carry 1,100 passengers and 475 crew, and will replace the 

 original " Empress " vessels of 6,000 tons in that service. The " Niagara," built by 

 John Brown & Co., for the Union Shipping Co. of New Zealand for service between 

 Vancouver and Australia, is 522 ft. long, 66 ft. beam, 37^ ft. depth, 13,500 tons, 12,000 

 H.P., carries 667 passengers and a large cargo. The Japanese liner " Shinyo Maru," 

 of J 3>377 tons and 18,500 H.P., turbines as well as hull built in Japan, has been com- 

 pleted (sister vessel to " Tenyo Maru;" see E. B. xxiv, 887, and /. N. A. 1911). 



The " Medina " (P. &O.), which on her first voyage (November 1911) took King 

 George and Queen Mary to India for the Durbar, is 12,358 tons and :8| knots speed. 

 The " Balmoral Castle " (Union Castle line), which took the Duke of Connaught to 

 the Cape on her first voyage in 1911, is 13,361 tons and of 18 knots speed. The " Cape 

 Finisterre," 14,503 tons, 17 knots, of the Hamburg-South Amerika Line; the " Arlan- 

 za," 14,760 tons, 16 knots, of the Royal Mail Fleet; the " Orama," 12,927 tons, 18 knots, 

 of the Orient Fleet; and the " Cameronia," 10,963 tons, 17 knots, of the Anchor Line, 

 are other examples of the new ships of increased size and power recently added to other 

 well known lines and in most cases still larger vessels are on order. 



The " City of Detroit," 6,061 "ons gross, the largest Great Lake passenger boat 

 (see Int. Mar. Eng. October 1912), is similar in type to the " City of Cleveland" 

 (E. B. xxiv, 883). The " Col. J. M. Schoonmaker " of 8,603 tons, 617 ft. long over 

 all, 64.2 ft. beam, 34.2 ft. depth, 2,600 H.P., launched in 1912, carrying 13,200 tons at 

 10 knots, and her sister vessel are the largest Lake freighters yet built. 



Recently a great demand has arisen for vessels to carry oil in bulk, and 90 such ves- 

 sels, exceeding 500,000 tons gross, were being built in November 1912, nearly all under 

 the survey of Lloyd's Register, about frds being for British owners and four for the 



