SHIPS AND SHIPBUILDING 35 i 



the standard type for battle cruisers; higher speeds, heavier guns and better armour 

 protection, entailing larger dimensions (Table V). With the growth in the sea keeping 

 power of destroyers, and the increase in range, speed and power of torpedoes, more pow- 

 erful anti-torpedo guns have become necessary in battleships and battle cruisers. 



On August i, 1912, Mr. E. H. Tennyson D'Eyncourt succeeded Sir Philip Watts as 

 Director of Naval Construction in the British Admiralty. His predecessors in the 

 office had been educated in the Dockyard Schools and trained in the Dockyards and at 

 the Royal School of Naval Architecture or the Royal Naval College. Mr. D'Eyncourt 

 was educated at Charterhouse, and trained at Elswick Shipyard and the Royal Naval 

 College, Greenwich; and he had very extensive experience in warship design and build- 

 ing at Fairfield and Elswick (see Shipbuilder, October 1912). Sir Philip Watts's con- 

 nection with the Admiralty was however not entirely severed, as he was retained as 

 Adviser to the Board on Naval Construction. During the n years 1902-12 he was 

 responsible for the design and construction of no less than 180 fighting vessels (battle- 

 ships, cruisers, destroyers and submarines), aggregating about 1,350,000 tons displace- 

 ment, 4,250,000 Horse Power and 117,000,000 cost, besides a large number of Fleet 

 Auxiliaries and small craft of very great variety and interest. Certain characteristic 

 features are found in practically all these vessels; all the guns are fought on the weather 

 decks, the vessels have high forecastles, no poops, a"nd no topsides, so that the silhouette 

 of the T.B.D., the unprotected cruiser, the battle cruiser and the battleship herself have 

 the same general features, while in the preceding designs the torpedo boats and des- 

 troyers had low forecastles, the cruisers had topsides and poops, the battleships had 

 topsides and no forecastles, and battleships and cruisers carried much of their armament 

 on the main deck. All classes are also notable for great advances in speed. 



The progress of other than British battleships and battle cruisers may be gathered 



Table III. Particulars of Typical Battleships. 



(e) Probably continuous speed. 

 Note. Particulars of warships taken chiefly 

 and the Navy League Annual. 



from The Naval Annual by kind permission of Viscount Hythe, 



