452 SPORTS AND GAMES 



runner, J. Bouin, after running at his side for the whole of the distance. ' In the shorter 

 races the Americans fully maintained their reputation for sprinting ability, and practical- 

 ly had the issue at their mercy, although W. R. Applegarth for Great Britain showed 

 exceptional speed. In the subsequent English meetings of the year this runner achieved 

 further distinction. On the whole, the British competitors, who had shown little or no 

 promise at their preliminary trials, acquitted themselves better than had been expected. 

 The ill fortune of G. R. L. Anderson, who might possibly have won the 120 yards 

 hurdle race, but fell when well placed towards the end of the final heat, was compensated 

 by the victory of A. N. S. Jackson in the 1,500 metres. A high jump of 6 ft. 4 in. was 

 accomplished by A. W. Richards, U.S.A., and a long jump of 24 ft. n j in. by Gutterson, 

 U.S.A., and excellent performances were shown in the weight-putting and the throwing 

 of the discus, javelin and hammer, as well as in the hurdle race. Although the American 

 team gained so large a proportion of the Olympic medals, athletic ability of an excep- 

 tionally high order was forthcoming from several other countries. The German runner, 

 H. Braun, like the Frenchman Bouin, was unfortunate. in meeting men of phenomenal 

 speed: Sweden and Finland produced many fine athletes, and Canada, besides producing 

 the winner of the 10,000 metres walking race, Goulding, did very well in the long jump 

 and the hammer. In the Marathon race two South Africans, McArthur and Gitsham, 

 finished first and second, showing but wonderful endurance of the topical heat. 



The previous best performances on record were excelled at Stockholm in he 800 

 metres (J. E. Meredith, U.S.A., i min. 51 9/ioth sec.) and the 5,000 metres (H. Koleh- 

 mainen, Finland, 14 min. 36 3/5ths sec.) Meredith ran on and beat the half-mile record 

 in i min. 525 sec.; and Kolehmainen ran 3 miles in 14 min. 13 sec. or 4 sec. less than A. 

 Shrubb's previously unbeaten time in the course of his great exploit. Perhaps, how- 

 ever, the most wonderful of the Olympic victors was James Thorpe, an Indian from 

 Oklahoma, who easily won the pentathlon and decathlon. His long jump was 23 ft. 2 

 in., his high jump 6 ft., and he cleared 10 ft. 9 in. in the pole jump, besides running 400 

 metres in 5i.2/5ths sec;, 100 metres in n.i/5th sec., 1,500 metres in 4 min. 40 sec., and 

 no metres over hurdles in 15.3/5^5 sec., and throwing the javelin 155 ft. 



Other amateur record performances, accomplished in the past two years, may be men- 

 tioned here. In the pole jump, M. S. Wright has done 13 ft. 2-J in. In the high jump, G. 

 Horine has done 6 ft. 8 in. in the American Olympic trials. J. P. Jones at Cambridge, Mass., 

 in May 1911 ran a mile in 4 min. 15? sec. or nearly !i \ sec. faster than the British amiteur 

 record established in 1902; and A. Kiviat at Harvard in June 1912 covered 1500 metres in 

 3 min. 551 sec. The hammer was thrown 187 ft. 4 in. by M. J. McGrath (afterwards 

 Olympic winner) in 1911. The Swedish javelin thrower, C. Lemming, in September 1912 

 established the amateur record at 205^ ft. for the right hand and 146 ft. 4 in. for the left. 

 At Herne Hill on May 20, 1.91 1, H. V. L. Ross walked 1 1 miles in I hr. 25 min. 48 sec., and 

 surpassed all records from this distance to 17 miles (2 hr. 18 min. 29$ sec.): S. C. A. Scho 

 field walked 22 miles in 3 hr. 9 min. 48$ sec., and 25. miles in 3 hr. 37 min. 6f sec. At 

 Kennington Oval in September 1912, W. R. Applegarth ran 200 yards in 19! sec., and at 

 Stamford Bridge a few days later the same runner covered 220 yds. in 21 \ sec. 



The Amateur Athletic Championships of 1911 in England were undistinguished, but in 

 1912 H. Braun in the half mile, W. R. Applegarth in the 220 yds., G. H. Patching in the loo 

 yds., E. Owen in the mile, G. R. L. Anderson in the hurdle race, contributed to make the 

 meeting one of more than average quality. An international university match took place 

 in 1911 at Queen's Club, West Kensington, between a team from Harvard and Yale,, and 

 another from Oxford and Cambridge. The Englishmen won by 5 events to 4. Cambridge 

 won 6 events to 4 against Oxford in 1911, but the contest of 1912 resulted for the third time 

 in the history of this annual engagement in a draw, each side winning 5 events. 



Aiiation. 1 



With the advance of mechanical efficiency there came about in 1911 a transition from 

 closed aerodrome contests to cross country races. The Gordon-Bennett race was Die 

 only important one held under the old conditions, and it was won at East church by 

 W r eyman for the United States. The European Circuit 1,125 miles of flight, which 

 included a start and finish at Paris and halts at Liege, Antwerp, Brussels, Calais, Lon- 

 don and Calais en route was won by Andr6 Beaumont, with Garros second. The 



'See also " Aeronautics," p. 339 et seq. 



