ENGLISH POLITICAL HISTORY 487 



Mr. L. V. Harcourt 1 (Colonial Secretary since Nov. 1910; b. 1863); Mr. Reginald Mc- 

 Kenna (First Lord of the Admiralty from 1908 till Oct. 1911, and then Home Secretary; 

 b. 1863); Mr. J. A. Pease (Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1910 till October 

 1911, then Education Minister; formerly Chief Whip 1908-1910; b. 1860); Mr. Walter 

 Runciman (Education Minister from 1908 till Oct. 1911, then President Board of 

 Agriculture; b. 1870); and Mr. Herbert Samuel (Postmaster General; previously 

 Chancellor of the Duchy, igog-Feb. 1910; b. 1870). Mr. Charles Hobhouse (b. 1862), 

 who was Financial Secretary to the Treasury from 1908 to October 1911, then became 

 Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster; Colonel John Seely (b. 1868), who, having seceded 

 from the Unionist party with Mr. Churchill, was Under-Secretary first for the Colonies 

 (igoS-March 1911) and then for War, succeeded Lord Haldane as War Minister in July 

 1912; and Mr. T. M'Kinnon Wood (b. 1855), formerly Progressive Leader on the London 

 County Council, having been Under-Secretary for Education (1908), Under-Secretary 

 for Foreign Affairs (igoS-Oct. 1911) and then Financial Secretary to the Treasury, be- 

 came Secretary for Scotland in succession to Lord Pentland (who resigned and was 

 appointed Governor of Madras) in 1912; while Sir Rufus Isaacs (Attorney- General since 

 Marchigio; b. 1860) was included in the Cabinet of 1912. Sir John Simon (Solicitor- 

 General since Mar. 1910; b 1873) had also come to the front as a politician of marked 

 capacity. 



Minor offices were filled by Mr. C. F. G. Masterman (Under-Secretary for Home Of- 

 fice since 1909; b. 1873), Mr. E. S. Montagu (Under-Secretary for India since Feb. 1910; b. 

 1879), Dr. T. J. Macnamara (Financial Secretary for the Admiralty since 1908; b. 1861), 

 Mr. F. D. Acland (Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs from Oct. 1911; previously Finan- 

 cial Secretary to War Office igoS-Feb. 1910; b. 1874), Mr. J. M. Robertson (b. 1856; 

 Under-Secretary for the Board of Trade from Oct. 1911, in succession to Mr. H. J. 

 Tennant, b. 1865, appointed Financial Secretary for War), Mr. C. Trevelyan (Under- 

 Secretary for Education since 1908; b. 1870), Mr. G. Lambert (Civil Lord of the Admiral- 

 ty since 1905; b. 1866), and Mr. J. Herbert Lewis (Under-Secretary to Local Govern- 

 ment Board since 1909; b. 1858). The Master of Elibank (b. 1870) was a popular and 

 efficient Chief Whip (since Feb. 1910), and among the Junior Whips were Mr. P. H. 

 Illingworth (his successor in August 1912; b. 1869), Mr. W. W. Benn (b. 1877), Mr. 

 Gulland (b. 1864), and the Hon. F. E. Guest (b. 1875). 



Among the Liberal rank and file the men who figured most prominently in independ- 

 ent initiative or criticism were Sir A. Mond (b. 1868), Mr. Chiozza Money (b. 1870), 

 Mr. J. C. Wedgwood (b. 1872), Mr. P. Morrell (b. 1870), Mr. Ellis Griffith (b. 1860), 

 Mr. A. Ponsonby (b. 1871), Mr. R. Harcourt (b. 1878), the Hon. Neil Primrose 2 (b. 

 1882), Mr. E. Crawshay-Williams (b. 1879), Mr. J. F. L. Brunner (b. 1865), Mr. Sil- 

 vester Home (the well-known Nonconformist minister; b. 1865), Mr. A. J. Sherwell (b. 

 1863), Sir A. B. Markham (b. 1866), Sir W. P. Byles (b. 1839), Sir J. H. Yoxall (b. 1857), 

 and Mr. T. Lough (Secretary to the Board of Education, 1905-8; b. 1850); while Mr. 

 Horatio Bottomley (b. 1860), elected as a Liberal, but acting as an independent critic 

 of an " unbusinesslike " parliamentary regime, pursued an impracticable but lively 

 career until he resigned, having become a bankrupt, in 1912. 



Among the Labour party, led by Mr. J. Ramsay Macdonald (b. 1866), the most 

 notable figures were Mr. J. Keir Hardie (b. 1856), Mr. G. N. Barnes (b. 1859), Mr. W. 

 Crooks (b. 1852), Mr. Philip Snowden (b. 1864), Mr. G. Lansbury (b. 1859), Mr. 

 W. Thome (b. 1857), Mr. F. W. Jowett (b. 1864), Mr. C. W. Bowerman (b. 1851), Mr. W. 

 Brace (b. 1865), and Mr. W. E. Harvey (b. 1852). 



Mr. John Redmond 3 (b. 1851), as leader of the Irish Nationalists, found his most 

 effective parliamentary support in Mr. John Dillon 4 (b. 1851), Mr. J. G. Swift MacNeill 

 (b. 1849), and Mr. T. P. O'Connor (b. 1848), though Mr. Joseph Devlin (b. 1872) was 

 an even more active force in the organisation of the party; Mr. William O'Brien (b. 

 1852), and Mr. T. M. Healy (b. 1855), meanwhile providing independent criticism from 



1 E. B. xii, 940, 3 Ibid., xxii, 968. 



2 Ibid., xxiii, 734. 4 Ibid., viii, 273. 



