S4o BRITISH OBITUARY 1911 



soon began sending occasional correspondence to the London Times and from 1875 onwards 

 devoted himself mainly to journalism. By 1 880, when he founded the Egyptian Gazette, 

 he had become the regular correspondent for the Times in Egypt. He also published Khe- 

 dives & Pashas (1884), Egyptian Finance (1887), and From Pharaoh to Fellah (1888). In 

 1890 he was summoned to London to take the post of manager (nominally assistant-manager) 

 of the paper, at a time when it had suffered heavy, financial losses over the proceedings 

 connected with the Parnell Commissions (E. B. xx, 858). From that date he devoted all 

 his masterful energies to the journal he served, and up to his death his was the personality 

 most prominently associated with it in the public eye. When the Times Publishing Company 

 was formed in 1908, and mainly through his personal exertions the financial control passed 

 from the Walter family to Lord Northcliffe, he became managing director. 



Sir Rubert William Boyce (b. 1863; d. June 16), the bacteriologist and pathologist 

 (see E. B. xx, 779). Born in London, he was educated privately in Rugby and at Paris, 

 and afterwards at University College, London, where he took his M.B. in 1889, and was in 

 1892 appointed constant-professor of pathology. In 1894 he became professor of pathology 

 in University College, Liverpool, and in 1898 bacteriologist to the Liverpool Corporation. 

 He did much to promote the foundation of Liverpool University in 1902, and the endowment 

 of the four chairs of bio-chemistry, tropical medicine, comparative pathology and medical 

 entomology. He had in 1898 worked with Sir Alfred Jones to establish the Liverpool School 

 of Tropical Medicine, and in 1901 organised a series of expeditions to the tropics to investi- 

 gate disease. In 1905 he went himself to New Orleans and British Honduras, and in 1910 

 to West Africa to examine epidemics of yellow fever. He published Mosquito or Man (1909), 

 Health Progress and Administration in the West Indies (1910), Yellow Fever and its Preven- 

 tion (1911), and many papers for scientific societies. He was knighted in 1906. 



Sir Percy William Bunting (b. 1836; d. July 22), editor of the Contemporary Review 

 (see E. B. iv, 802 b.). 



Sir Caspar Purdon Clarke (b. 1846; d. March 29), the art-expert. Educated privately 

 at Sydenham and Boulogne, in 1862 he entered the art schools at South Kensington and was 

 trained as an architect. In 1865 he entered H. M. Office of Works, and in 1867 was attached 

 to the works department of the South Kensington Museum. He travelled extensively for 

 the museum, purchasing objects of art, and at the same time carried on his profession as an 

 architect. In 1883 he became keeper of the India Museum at South Kensington, in 1892 

 keeper of the art collections at South Kensington, in 1893 assistant director, and in 1896 

 director. This post he held until 1905, when he became director of the Metropolitan Mu- 

 seum, New York (E. B. xix, 614), resigning in 1910. He was knighted in 1902. 



Ernest Crofts, R.A. (b. 1847; d. March 19), the historical painter (see E. B. xx, sood). 

 He had been keeper of the Royal Academy since 1898. 



John Passmore Edwards (b. 1823; d. April 22), newspaper proprietor and philanthro- 

 pist. The son of a Cornish carpenter, and mainly self-educated, in 1844 he became London 

 representative in Manchester of the Sentinel, an Anti-Corn Law weekly newspaper. A year 

 later he went to London and began lecturing, together with the practice of journalism, 

 starting several small periodicals which in succession failed, until in 1862 he bought the 

 Building News, which by 1866 had made a handsome profit. In 1876 he bought the London 

 halfpenny evening newspaper, the Echo, and controlled it for 20 years. He was an ardent 

 peace advocate, and supported a number of humanitarian and philanthropic objects, endow- 

 ing various libraries and other institutions which bore his name, notably the Settlement in 

 Tavistock Place, Bloomsbury. He also founded a Passmore Edwards scholarship at Oxford 

 for the conjoint study of English and classical literature. He published privately an 

 autobiography, A Few Footprints (2nd edition, 1906). 



Edward Mills Grace (b. 1841, d. May 20) the cricketer. A brother of Dr. W. G. 

 Grace (see E. B. xii, 3p8d), he was a player] of first-class cricket for 35 years (see E. B. vii, 

 441). He had been Coroner for West Gloucestershire since 1875. 



Lady Halle (Madame Norman-Neruda), the famous violinist (b. 1839; d. April 15). 

 (see E. B. xii, 853b.). 



John Lockwood Kipling (b. 1837; d. January 30), the Anglo-Indian artist, curator of 

 the Lahore Museum 1875-93, an .d father of Mr. Rudyard Kipling (see E. B. xv, 825). 



Sir Charles Bennet Lawes-Wittewronge, 2nd Bart. (b. 1843; d. October 6), the sculptor 

 (see E. B. xxiv, 5O3b and 506). The only son of Sir John Lawes of Rothamsted (see E. B. 

 xvi, 30ob) he was educated at Eton and Cambridge, where he was a notable athlete. Sub- 

 sequently he devoted himself to sculpture, while doing much also to further the scientific 

 side of the Lawes Agricultural Trust, founded by his father, of which he was chairman. In 

 1882 he was defendant in a famous libel action, brought by another sculptor, Mr. Belt, for 

 a criticism published in Vanity Fair, imputing dishonesty to Mr. Belt in taking credit for 

 work done by another man. The question of now much a sculptor may be aided by others 

 in work to which he attaches his name was inconclusively debated through a long and costly 

 trial, and the verdict of the jury, awarding 5,000 damages to the plaintiff, was much dis- 

 cussed at the time. 



General Sir Robert Cunliffe Low, G.C.B. (b. 1838; d. August 4), a famous soldier. 

 Entering the Indian army in 1854, he served through the Mutiny. As Director of Transport 



