BRITISH SHIPPING 573 



6,880,271 (+2.7); Cardiff ent. 5,526,426 (+0.04), cl. 8,328,047 (-2,8); Tyne Ports (New- 

 castle, N. and S. Shields), ent. 5,954,498 ( + 18.5), cl. 6,842,199 ( + 11.8); Southampton, 

 ent. 4,466,314 (+2.8), cl. 4-35I.037 (+3-7): Hull, ent. 3.534.964 (~5-6), cl. 3,185,290 

 (-8. 2); Glasgow, ent. 2,146,512 (+5.3), cl. 3,418,771 (+3.8); Dover, ent. 2,068,728 ( + 15.2), 

 cl. 2,060,391 ( + 15.5); Newport, ent. 1,703,794 ( + 12.8), cl. 2,292,584 (+8.3); Blyth, ent. 

 1,388,727 ( + 12), cl. 1,973,867 (+8.3); Middlesbrough, ent. 1,597.834 (-5-2), cl. 1,656,530 

 (+6.9); Plymouth, ent. 1,670,446 ( + 11.9), cl. 1,497,105 (+9.8); Sunderland, ent. 1,421,748 

 ( + 19), cl. 1,742,937 ( + 12.9); Swansea, ent. 1,251,983 (+24.6), cl. 1,843,624 (+9.9); Grimsby, 

 ent. 1,446,777 (+9-8), cl. 1,503,095 (+8.7); Leith, ent. 1,417,534 (+0.04), cl. 1,448,498 

 (+0.00); Manchester, ent. 1,329,679 (+0.00), cl. 1,095,478 ( + 1.3); Bristol, ent. 1,049,567 

 ( + 1.3), cl. 817,398 (+2.7); Methil, ent. 908,318 (+7.3), cl. 1,191,052 ( + 1.3); Harwich, 

 ent. 918,123 (+4.6), cl. 867,666 (+4.5); Grangemouth, ent. 820,855 ( 14.2), cl. 906,283 

 (-12); Hartlepool, ent. 951,849 ( + 15.1), cl. 730,513 ( + 19.6); Goole, ent. 769,531 (-4-2), 

 cl. 769,962 (4.5); Port Talbot, ent. 590,802 ( 1.4), cl. 888,990 (+2.9); Burntisland, ent. 

 529,435 (+7-4). cl. 836,336 ( + 16.2); Folkestone, ent. 646,546 (+82.4), cl. 640,267 (+77): 

 Newhaven, ent. 433,786 (+4.9), cl. 423,626 (+5.3); Bo'ness, ent. 319,027 ( 6.5), cl. 308,569 

 (-5-7). 



Recent Developments at English Ports: London. In 1909 the value of the imports 

 into the port of London represented 32.9 per cent, and the exports 18.5 per cent, of the 

 total for the U.K. The Port of London (Registration of Craft) Order Confirmation 

 Act, 1910, authorised the Port of London Authority to impose fees in respect of the 

 registration or licensing of craft on the river Thames. In 1911 the Port Authority de- 

 cided to construct a new dock estimated to cost 1,400,000, and the King undertook to 

 perform the ceremony of cutting the first sod on July 17, 1912, but this was prevented 

 by the Transport Workers' strike. On February i, igji, H.M.S. " Thunderer," the 

 first super-Dreadnought vessel constructed on the Thames, was launched from the yard 

 of the Thames Ironworks Ship-building and Engineering Co. 



Mersey. Important developments of the north end of the Liverpool Dock Estate 

 include the Gladstone Dock at Seaforth, begun in September 1910. It was decided 

 early in 1912 to construct a deep-water approach taking vessels -1,100 feet long. The 

 Gladstone Dock is to be convertible into a graving dock; two branch docks and a half- 

 tide dock, together with a lock 645 feet long, communicating with the Hornby Dock, 

 are included in the scheme, the estimated cost of which is 3,000,000. New works have 

 also been undertaken at Brocklebank Branch Dock, including the extension of quayage, 

 railways and sheds. The proposal to construct a bridge between Liverpool and Birken- 

 head was revived irj 1912, but the scheme for the erection of a custom house at the pier 

 head has been abandoned owing to failure of the negotiations for the site- Facilities at 

 the Port of Manchester have been extended at Trafford Park and elsewhere on the 

 canal, and seed-crushing works have been undertaken at Partington and elsewhere. 

 Cornbrook wharf was extended in 1911. The Manchester Cotton Association is active- 

 ly fostering the import trade in raw cotton. 



Dee. An improved waterway for shipping in the Dee estuary has long been con- 

 templated, and in 1012 a conference of representatives of Flint and Denbigh County 

 Councils, Chester Town Council, Dee Conservancy Board, and other bodies, gave 

 general approval to a scheme for a navigable channel near the Flintshire shore, and 

 agreed to press the Development Commissioners to grant 30,000 towards the estimated 

 cost of 75,000. 



Southampton. Increased size of the Atlantic liners calling at Southampton necessi- 

 tated the construction of a dock of 16 acres, which was used for the " Titanic" Con- 

 siderable loss has been sustained by strikes of dockers. 



At Dover, trials were made in 1910 for the running of trains serving passenger vessels 

 on the Admiralty Pier extension. It was decided in September 1912 to close the west- 

 ern entrance to Dover harbour, with a view to improving the shelter in rough weather, 

 and to extend or duplicate the eastern entrance. 



Bristol continues to direct its chief effort to the development of the dock estate owned 

 by the municipality. New traffic has been attracted. The Canadian Steamship Ltd. 

 (Royal Line), established in 1910, has been very successful, particularly in the emigra- 

 tion branch, and large numbers of agriculturists from the west of England have been 



