S 86 ENGLISH CRIME AND PAUPERISM 



grants from t.he County Council and Southampton Town Council, for the erection of a 

 college and school of art on Southampton Common. 



Educational needs have been met in Nottingham by several new schools, and the university 

 college is extending its utility by a mining department and a Byron Chair of Literature, in 

 connection with which the American ambassador (Mr. Whitelaw Reid) paid a visit to the 

 institution in November 1910. 



The expansion of the work of University College, Reading, is a remarkable feature of 

 the educational work of Berkshire. It has adopted the hostel system, the chief institution 

 being Wantage Hall, built and permanently endowed by the generosity of Lady Wantage of 

 Lockinge. The Rt. Hon. G. W. Palmer and other members of his family have enriched the 

 college with buildings and lands. The college has undertaken the important work of im- 

 proving agriculture. It has a well-equipped experimental farm at Shinfield, and in 1910 

 in connection with the Berkshire County Council sent a deputation to visic selected centres 

 of agricultural and horticultural education in the United States and Canada. The college 

 has over 1,000 students. The Berkshire Education Committee has made provision for the 

 instruction of those engaged in agricultural and horticultural work and provided an expert 

 to teach employees on farms. A travelling farriery school has also proved useful. 



The opening of the new buildings of the University College of North Wales, Bangor, by 

 the King, took place on July 14, 1911. 



Among other recent educational developments may be mentioned the addition of a new 

 textile department to the Bradford Technical College, opened by Lord Rotherham on 

 October 25, 1911; a residential school for the blind has been established by the education 

 committee in the same city. .The Cheshire County Council's training college for teachers 

 was opened on July 5, 1912. At Shrewsbury School a new speech hall was opened on May 

 5, 1911, and science buildings on October 20 of the same year. Evesham grammar school, 

 one of the oldest in Worcestershire, opened new buildings in 1911. An anonymous don- 

 ation has been made (in July, 1912) of 10,000 to the Chancellor of the Exchequer for 

 educational purposes in Wales. 



In September 1911 a "strike" of school-boys took place in Newcastle-upon-Tyne and 

 other places in the neighbourhood. 



Crime. The criminal statistics for 1911 show the following figures. England and 

 Wales: committed for trial, 13,644 (males, 12,301; females, 1,343); convicted, 11,338. 

 Scotland: committed for trial, 1,401 (males, 1,215; females, 186); convicted, 1,122. 

 Ireland: committed for trial, 2,114 (males, 1,804; females, 310); convicted, 1,496. 



Police numbered in 1911 in England and Wales 51,203, in Scotland 5,654, and in 

 Ireland 11,865. 



Paupers. The number of paupers (exclusive of casual paupers) in receipt of relief 

 in the United Kingdom at comparable periods was as follows: England and Wales 

 (July i, 1911) 749,777; Scotland (Sept. 15, 1911) 105,478; Ireland (first week of July 

 1911) 75,317. England and Wales (Jan. i, 1912) 792,149; Scotland (Jan. 15, 1912) 

 109,069; Ireland (close of first week of Jan. 1912) 78,652. The proportion of paupers 

 per 10,000 of the population of the United Kingdom in the summer period of 1911 was 

 205, and in January 1912, 216. 



In England and Wales for the year ending March 31, 1911, the total expenditure on 

 relief of the poor by the Guardians and Poor Law authorities amounted to 15,380,420 

 (London 3,888,684). Of this sum in-maintenance represented 3,600,327 (London, 

 1,103,433), out-relief 3,3o,3 I 9 (London, 287,422), and lunatic asylums 2,545,189 

 (London 505,265), the balance being for salaries, buildings, loan charges, etc. 



Old Age Pensions. The Old Age Pension Act 1908, was modified by a further act of 191 1. 

 The pauper disqualification was removed as from January I, 1911, and pocr-law authorities 

 in England and Wales were thereby relieved of the charge of 122,415 paupers in that month. 

 Qualifications for an old age pension include the age of 70 years, the status of a British 

 subject for 20 years previously to the receipt of the pension, and residence in the United 

 Kingdom (subject to certain exceptions) for 12 years out of that period. The pensions are 

 arranged on a sliding scale from 5s. a week for those who possess incomes not exceeding 

 21 a year down to is. a week on incomes over 28.i7s.6d. and up to 3i.ios.od. The 

 numbers of pensions payable on March 31, 1912, were in England 602,441; in Wales 40,083: 

 in Scotland 94,319; in Ireland 205,317, and the proportion of pensioners per thousand of the 

 census population of 1911 in that year was 17.81 in England and Wales, 19.82 in Scotland 

 and 46.86 in Ireland. According to the appropriation amounts for the year ending March 

 31, 1911, the grant for pensions was 9,820,000, for expenses of pension committees 100,000, 

 while the actual expenditure was for pensions 9,682,526; for expenses 74,155; for sums 

 irrecoverable 798, and for extra-statutory payments 117 total 9,757,596. The civil 



